scholarly journals Assessment of Air Pollution status during COVID-19 Lockdown (Mar-May 2020) over Bangalore City in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K C Gouda ◽  
Priya Singh ◽  
P Nikhilasuma ◽  
Mahendra Benke ◽  
Reshama Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Control Board ◽  
Ambient Concentration ◽  
The City ◽  
Concentration Of Air Pollutants

Abstract The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which became a global pandemic by March 2020 (WHO, 2020), forced almost all countries over the world to impose the lockdown as a measure of social distancing to control the spread of infection. India also strictly implemented a countrywide lockdown, starting from 24th March onwards. This measure resulted in the reduction of the sources of air pollution in general; industrial, commercial, and vehicular pollution in particular, with visible improvement in Ambient Air Quality. In this study, the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the ambient concentration of air pollutants over the city of Bengaluru (India) is assessed using Continuous Ambient Air Quality Measurement (CAAQM) data from 10 monitoring stations spread across the city. The data was obtained from Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB). The analysis of the relative changes in the ambient concentration of six major air pollutants (NO, NO2, NOX, PM2.5, O3, and SO2) been carried out for two periods; March-May 2020 (COVID-19 lockdown) and the corresponding period of 2019 which was Non-COVID. The analysis revealed significant reduction in the concentration of ambient air pollutants at both daily and monthly intervals. This can be attributed to the reduction in sources of emission; vehicular traffic, industrial, and other activities. The average reduction in the concentration of NO, NO2, NOX, PM2.5, and O3 between 1st March to 12th May 2020 was found to be 63%, 48%, 48%, 18%, and 23% respectively when compared to the same period in 2019. Similarly, the comparative analysis of pollutant concentrations between pre-lockdown (March 01- March 23) and lockdown (Mar 24-May 12) period, shown a huge reduction in the ambient concentration of air pollutants; 47.3% (NO), 49% (NO2), 49% (NOX), 10% (SO2), 37.7% (PM2.5), and 15.6% (O3), resulting in improved air quality over Bangalore during the COVID-19 lockdown period. It is shown that the strict lockdown resulted in a significant reduction in the pollution levels. Such lockdowns may be useful as emergency intervention strategies to control air pollution in megacities when ambient air quality deteriorates dangerously.

An assessment of ambient air quality using AQI and exceedance factor for Udaipur City, Rajasthan (India)

2021 ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
Porush Kumar ◽  
Kuldeep ◽  
Nilima Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Air Quality Monitoring ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Control Board

Air pollution is a severe issue of concern worldwide due to its most significant environmental risk to human health today. All substances that appear in excessive amounts in the environment, such as PM10, NO2, or SO2, may be associated with severe health problems. Anthropogenic sources of these pollutants are mainly responsible for the deterioration of urban air quality. These sources include stationary point sources, mobile sources, waste disposal landfills, open burning, and similar others. Due to these pollutants, people are at increased risk of various serious diseases like breathing problems and heart disease, and the death rate due to these diseases can also increase. Hence, air quality monitoring is essential in urban areas to control and regulate the emission of these pollutants to reduce the health impacts on human beings. Udaipur has been selected for the assessment of air quality with monitored air quality data. Air quality monitoring stations in Udaipur city are operated by the CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) and RSPCB (Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board). The purpose of this study is to characterize the level of urban air pollution through the measurement of PM10, NO2, or SO2 in Udaipur city, Rajasthan (India). Four sampling locations were selected for Udaipur city to assess the effect of urban air pollution and ambient air quality, and it was monitored for a year from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. The air quality index has been calculated with measured values of PM10, NO2, and SO2. The concentration of PM10 is at a critical level of pollution and primarily responsible for bad air quality and high air quality Index in Udaipur city.

scholarly journals Profil Kualitas Udara Kota Cimahi Provinsi Jawa Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
The City ◽  
Environmental Agency

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bekerja sama dengan Dinas Lingkungan Hidup (DLH) Kota Cimahi dalam rangka pengendalian pencemaran udara di kota tersebut mengingat perkembangan Kota Cimahi yang terus mengalami perkembangan. Analisis kualitas udara dilakukan di laboratorium PT. Unilab Perdana yang telah mendapatkan akreditasi oleh KAN No. LP-195-IDN. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada tanggal 15 September 2017 sedangkan untuk analisis di laboratorium di lakukan pada tanggal 15 sampai dengan 27 September 2017. Parameter yang dianalisis yaitu SO2, CO2, NO2, O3, HC, PM10, PM2,5, Pb, NH3, dan H2S. Pengambilan sampel kualitas udara dilakukan secara langsung di lapangan di 8 titik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di Kota Cimahi kualitas udara masih tergolong baik hal tersebut terlibat bahwa parameter kualitas udara ambien masih memenuhi baku mutu sesuai PP 41/1999 tentang PPU. Upaya pengendalian pencemaran udara harus terus dilaksanakan mengingat angka penyakit ISPA di kota ini yang menempati posisi tertinggi dibandingkan dengan penyakit lainnya.ABSTRACTThis research is in collaboration with the Environmental Agency (DLH) of Cimahi City in order to control air pollution in the city due to the development of Cimahi City. Air quality analysis was carried out in the laboratory of PT. Unilab Perdana which has been accredited by KAN No. LP-195-IDN. Sampling was carried out on 15 September 2017 while the analysis in the laboratory was conducted on 15 to 27 September 2017. The parameters analyzed were SO2, CO2, NO2, O3, HC, PM10, PM2,5, Pb, NH3, and H2S . Air quality sampling is carried out directly in the field at 8 points. Based on the results of research in Cimahi City, air quality is still relatively good, it is involved that ambient air quality parameters still meet the quality standards according to PP 41/1999 concerning PPU. Air pollution control must continue to be carried out considering the number of lung infection diseases in this city which occupies the highest position compared to other diseases.

scholarly journals Poor Air Quality and Its Association with Mortality in Ho Chi Minh City: Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Hoang Ngoc Khue Vu ◽  
Quang Phuc Ha ◽  
Duc Hiep Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thu Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Thoai Tam Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Quality Modeling ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Quality Modeling ◽  
Concentration Of Air Pollutants

Along with its rapid urban development, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in recent years has suffered a high concentration of air pollutants, especially fine particulate matters or PM2.5. A comprehensive study is required to evaluate the air quality conditions and their health impact in this city. Given the lack of adequate air quality monitoring data over a large area of the size of HCMC, an air quality modeling methodology is adopted to address the requirement. Here, by utilizing a corresponding emission inventory in combination with The Air Pollution Model-Chemical Transport Model (TAPM-CTM), the predicted concentration of air pollutants is first obtained for PM2.5, NOx, and SO2. Then by associating the pollutants exposed with the mortality rate from three causes, namely Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), cardiopulmonary, and lung cancer, the impact of air pollution on human health is obtained for this purpose. Spatial distribution has shown a high amount of pollutants concentrated in the central city with a high density of combustion vehicles (motorcycles and automobiles). In addition, a significant amount of emissions can be observed from stevedoring and harbor activities, including ferries and cargo handling equipment located along the river. Other sources such as household activities also contribute to an even distribution of emission across the city. The results of air quality modeling showed that the annual average concentrations of NO2 were higher than the standard of Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality (QCVN 05: 2013 40 µg/m3) and World Health Organization (WHO) (40 µg/m3). The annual average concentrations of PM2.5 were 23 µg/m3 and were also much higher than the WHO (10 µg/m3) standard by about 2.3 times. In terms of public health impacts, PM2.5 was found to be responsible for about 1136 deaths, while the number of mortalities from exposure to NO2 and SO2 was 172 and 89 deaths, respectively. These figures demand some stringent measures from the authorities to potentially remedy the alarming situation of air pollution in HCM City.

Umfang und Grenzen der Luftreinhalteplanung

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Berger
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Limit Value

Since the rulings of the Federal Administrative Court (BVerwG) of 27 February 2018 on the Stuttgart and Düsseldorf air pollution control plans, diesel driving bans have become one of the best-known but also most controversial measures in the context of air pollution control planning. The reason for this is that the limit value for nitrogen dioxide, which is based on the requirements of the Ambient Air Quality Directive under EU law, is exceeded, particularly in conurbations. Taking into account the legal and administrative court requirements for the proportionality of traffic bans, the current challenges for the instrument of the air pollution control plan are shown and the implementation of planned measures in practice is examined on the basis of selected air pollution control plans.

scholarly journals Prayagraj: Air Pollution Profile and Policy Recommendations

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-573
Author(s):  
Sugandh Kumar Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The City ◽  
Pollution Profile

Air pollution is the fifth leading risk factor behind theworld – wide mortality. Ever growing population size feeding industrial activity through demand channel, vehicular pollution accompanied by rapid urbanization and burning of fossil fuels pose a serious threat to clean air. Some major air pollutants under study in the city of Prayagraj are Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Particulate Matter (PM10) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2). Pollution profile of the city localityi.e. Rambagh, Johnstonganj, Alopibagh, Crossing Mahalakshmi talkies and Bharat Yantra Nigam are studied. PM10 level of exposure is serious in Crossing Mahalakshmi talkiesand Alopibagh area as exposure to very high level in the range of 250 – 400 µg/m3 occurs for the longest duration of time. Alopibagh, Johnstonganj and Rambagh shows critical level of Nitrogen Dioxide indicating higher vehicular movement in these areas. Trend wise, SO2 component has spiked above 12 µg/m3 at Rambagh, Johnstonganj and Alopibagh during the onset of winters season in 2016. Similar phenomenon was seen at Bharat Yantra Nigam and Crossing Mahalakshmi talkies during winter season of 2019. Arrival of monsoon tend to lower pollutants content in the outdoor ambient air quality. Overall air quality is in critical zone at Alopibagh for 45 per cent of the time period followed by Johnstonganj. Crossing Mahalakshmi talkies and Bharat Yantra Nigamshows critical air quality for more than 60 per cent of the time period which calls for urgent action to prevent them from entering the critical zone. Overall air quality of Prayagraj is range bound with air pollutants improve during the monsoon season. However, improvement in air quality has reduced in the last two years as fall in air pollutants is less in 2018 and 2019 monsoon compared to previous two years. The findings of the paper will help the administration, municipal corporation and various stake holders of the city to take targeted measures locality wise towards pollution control depending upon pollutants concentration and exposure area – wise. It will also raise public awareness about pollutant levels in their area.

scholarly journals An assessment of ambient air quality in two major cities in the state of Kuwait

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raslan Alenezi ◽  
Bader Al-anezi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
The State ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
The State Of Kuwait

In this study, hourly mean continuous air pollution data for the year 2010 from two monitoring stations in major urban districts in the State of Kuwait were analyzed. The ambient air quality in the Al-Mansouriah and Al-Jahra districts was evaluated in terms of the hourly average concentrations of selected major air pollutants during the winter and summer seasons. The diurnal variations of these pollutants were analyzed, and in-depth comparisons of the two pollutant concentrations for the two districts were conducted to determine the predominant sources of the air pollutants. The concentrations of CO, PM10 and NO2 in the two districts exhibited different patterns in the summer and winter due to differences in the activities that take place in the surrounding areas. The concentrations of SO2 were high in both cities because of the Al-Doha power plant and oil fields near the city in Al-Jahra. The ozone concentration is highly correlated with NOx emissions and is greater in the summer than in the winter. The results confirm that road traffic is a major source of air pollution in the Al-Mansouriah district. The Al-Doha power plant and the oil fields near Al-Jahra greatly affect the air quality in that district.

scholarly journals Air of Uncertainty from pollution profiteers: Status of ambient air quality of sawmill industry in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morufu Raimi ◽  
Timothy Kayode Samson ◽  
Ajayi Bankole Sunday ◽  
Adio Zulkarnaini Olalekan ◽  
Odipe Oluwaseun Emmanuel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Direct Reading ◽  
Life Years

Abstract We can’t stop breathing, but we can do something about the quality of air that we breathe. Clean fresh air is indispensable ingredient for a good life quality. Individuals poses the right towards expecting that the breathed air will not harm people. Thus, fighting air pollution will not only improve health outcomes, productivity, and well-being, it’s also essential toward reducing the emissions of greenhouse gas as well as fighting climate change. For examples, a third of the global population is at risk from unhealthy of ambient air pollutants concentrations, with the loss of approximately 6.4 million healthy-life-years attributed specifically to chronic exposure to ambient particulate matter. Expert panels have consistently rated air pollution as a greater health hazard than water pollution. Pollution of air is the leading source of unexplained and undiagnosed diseases, besides have remained associated with a variety of serious human health risks, and in fact, a threshold has not been established under which these pollutants exert no adverse effects. This study evaluates ambient air quality at major sawmill sites in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. “Measurements of Air pollution were accurately carried out using direct reading, automatic in situ gas monitors; Hand held mobile multi-gas monitor with model AS8900 [Combustible (LEL), and Oxygen (O2)], BLATN with model BR – Smart Series air quality monitor (PM10, Formaldehyde) and air quality multimeter with model B SIDE EET100 (Dust (PM2.5), VOC, Temperature and Relative Humidity)”. The outcomes disclosed among others, the average concentrations of CO, O2 as well as other measured parameters for instance formaldehyde (HcHo) etc., they are also consistently low as well as within acceptable range in terms of National as well as Global monitoring standards for air quality indices. However, there are few exceptions for instance the average volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentrations, PM2.5, PM10 as well as Combustible (LEL) respectively, which are higher when compared to National and Global standards. This high figure is due to pollutant amount existing in the sawmills air environment resulting from input of influents from activities of the sawmill. However, as a result, air pollution in the city of Ilorin is found to be increasingly polluted and are of major health concern because of their synergistic action. Due to the high evidences and values, it can lead to a remarkable rise in over-all figure of hospital visits/ patients’ admissions with acute respiratory illnesses as soon as air pollutants level remained high. Hence, there is the need for an aggressive control of ambient air pollution.

Indian megacities as localities of environmental vulnerability from air quality perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhola R. Gurjar ◽  
Ajay S. Nagpure
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Environmental Vulnerability ◽  
Local And Regional Impacts

Large proportions of the Indian population live in megacities (e.g., Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata), which are vibrant centers of economic opportunities and offering better quality of social life. Due to increasing migration to these cities, Indian megacities are constantly expanding, which subsequently leads to strain on the environment with a range of impacts at local, regional and global levels. During the last few decades the anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and other air pollutants have increased substantially, resulting in worsening ambient air quality of these cities. With respect to time span the concern over air pollutants has also changed in Indian megacities. Concern over particulate matter, black carbon, NOx and ozone has heightened recently due to their local and regional impacts on air quality and environmental (including public) health and also because they contribute to global climate change. Although authorities have implemented several measures to reduce air pollution and its impacts in Indian megacities, much more is yet to be done to improve their ambient air quality. This paper focuses on major air pollution and GHGs emission issues in Indian megacities and associated problems within the framework of their role in environmental vulnerability.

A Study of Environmental Issues and Air Pollution Control Strategies in Faisalabad, Pakistan Using Geographical Information System (GIS)

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 1293-1297
Author(s):  
Yasir Niaz ◽  
Ji Ti Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Suspended Particles ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Total Suspended Particles

The increased occurrence of smoggy days in major Pakistan cities is of major concern to the general public. This paper explores the major sources of pollutants total suspended particles and lead concentration, a key contributor to the smog in Faisalabad, one of the largest cities in Pakistan. Evidence indicates that the total suspended particles and lead concentration formed through NOx, SOx, NH3, VOCs, etc. have a strong impact on human health. As a result, air pollution control should not simply focus on controlling particulate emission, but should involve adopting an integrated multi pollutant control strategy. In addition to identifying the major sources of air pollution, this paper explores its impact on environmental and human health. The results also compare with the permissible limit of NEQS and USEPA standards. The study shows that TSP concentration 80% values within the permissible limits of ambient air quality according to the standards of USEPA and NEQS. In the samples, Lead concentration is higher than the USEPA and NEQS standards of ambient air quality 1.5μg/m3 and 2μg/m3 respectively. The research suggests that adequate government regulation, public awareness, regional collaboration and industrial compliance are keys to successfully controlling air pollution.

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