scholarly journals Heterosis and Combining Abilities in a Diverse Seven-Parent Pearl Millet Population Diallel Tested in West Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Dutta ◽  
Felix T. Sattler ◽  
Anna Pucher ◽  
Drabo Inoussa ◽  
Ahmad Issaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Variance Ratios ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Quantitative Genetic Parameters

Abstract Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is an important food-security crop to smallholder farmers in West Africa (WA). Breeding for high yield and stability is a major challenge in the harsh environments of WA but could be tackled by hybrid breeding. Knowledge of combining ability patterns and quantitative-genetic parameters is required for an efficient development of hybrid varieties. Hence, our objectives were to estimate the combining ability of seven genetically diverse Sahelian pearl millet populations from Senegal, Mali, Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger, Sudan and Nigeria and the heterosis and stability of their 42 diallel-derived population hybrids to inform pearl millet hybrid breeding. The genotypes were evaluated in six environments in WA in 2007. Grain yield (GY) exhibited an average panmictic mid-parent heterosis (PMPH) of 24%, ranging from -1.51% to 64.69%. General combining ability (GCA) was significant across test environments as reflected by high heritability estimates and high GCA:SCA variance ratios. Thus, early selection for parental per se performance would be rewarding. The parental population from Sudan (IP8679) had strongly negative GCA for GY. Its lack of adaptation contributed to the predominance of additive effects in the present germplasm set. Parental populations PE02987 (Senegal), PE05344 (Mali) and ICMV IS 92222 (Niger) showed large positive GCA for GY. Their offspring, especially PE02987 × PE05344 and Kapelga × ICMV IS 92222, exhibited a high and stable GY across all test environments. Tapping the regional pearl millet genetic diversity seems therefore beneficial for hybrid breeding to increase pearl millet productivity in WA.

scholarly journals Heterosis and combining abilities in a diverse seven-parent pearl millet population diallel tested in West Africa

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Dutta ◽  
Felix T. Sattler ◽  
Anna Pucher ◽  
Inoussa Drabo ◽  
Ahmad Issaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Variance Ratios ◽  
High Heritability

AbstractPearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is an important food-security crop to smallholder farmers in West Africa (WA). Breeding for high yield and stability is a major challenge in the harsh environments of WA but could be tackled by a more systematic exploitation of hybrid vigor and heterosis in breeding of both open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) and different types of hybrids. Knowledge of combining ability patterns and quantitative-genetic parameters is required for an efficient development of hybrid vigor and heterosis in breeding programs. Hence, our objectives were to complement other existing studies and estimate the combining ability of seven unique, highly diverse Sahelian pearl millet populations from Senegal, Mali, Benin, Burkina Faso, Niger, Sudan and Nigeria and the heterosis and stability of their 42 diallel-derived population hybrids (or hybrid populations) to inform pearl millet OPV and hybrid breeding. The materials were evaluated in six environments in WA in 2007. Grain yield (GY) exhibited an average panmictic mid-parent heterosis of 24%, ranging from − 1.51 to 64.69%. General combining ability (GCA) was significant across test environments as reflected by high heritability estimates and high GCA:SCA variance ratios. Thus, early selection for parental per se performance would be rewarding. The parental population from Sudan (IP8679) had strongly negative GCA for GY. Its lack of adaptation contributed to the predominance of additive effects in the present germplasm set. Parental populations PE02987 (Senegal), PE05344 (Mali) and ICMV IS 92222 (Niger) showed large positive GCA for GY. Their offspring, especially PE02987 × PE05344 and Kapelga × ICMV IS 92222, exhibited a high and stable GY across all test environments. Tapping the regional pearl millet genetic diversity and preselecting the crossing parents seem beneficial for OPV and hybrid breeding to increase pearl millet productivity in WA.

scholarly journals Identification of Combining Ability Patterns for Pearl Millet Hybrid Breeding in West Africa

Crop Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1590-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix T. Sattler ◽  
Anna Pucher ◽  
Issoufou Kassari Ango ◽  
Ousmane Sy ◽  
Issaka Ahmadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Hybrid Breeding

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic diversity among cultivated Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum, Poaceae) accessions from Benin, West Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 782-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADEOTI Kifouli ◽  
DJEDATIN Gustave ◽  
EWEDJE Ebenezer ◽  
BEULE Thierry ◽  
SANTONI Sylvain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum

scholarly journals Genetic Gains in Pearl Millet in India: Insights Into Historic Breeding Strategies and Future Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Parkash Yadav ◽  
S. K. Gupta ◽  
Mahalingam Govindaraj ◽  
Rajan Sharma ◽  
Rajeev K. Varshney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Periodic Replacement

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum R. Br.) is an important staple and nutritious food crop in the semiarid and arid ecologies of South Asia (SA) and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In view of climate change, depleting water resources, and widespread malnutrition, there is a need to accelerate the rate of genetic gains in pearl millet productivity. This review discusses past strategies and future approaches to accelerate genetic gains to meet future demand. Pearl millet breeding in India has historically evolved very comprehensively from open-pollinated varieties development to hybrid breeding. Availability of stable cytoplasmic male sterility system with adequate restorers and strategic use of genetic resources from India and SSA laid the strong foundation of hybrid breeding. Genetic and cytoplasmic diversification of hybrid parental lines, periodic replacement of hybrids, and breeding disease-resistant and stress-tolerant cultivars have been areas of very high priority. As a result, an annual yield increase of 4% has been realized in the last three decades. There is considerable scope to further accelerate the efforts on hybrid breeding for drought-prone areas in SA and SSA. Heterotic grouping of hybrid parental lines is essential to sustain long-term genetic gains. Time is now ripe for mainstreaming of the nutritional traits improvement in pearl millet breeding programs. New opportunities are emerging to improve the efficiency and precision of breeding. Development and application of high-throughput genomic tools, speed breeding, and precision phenotyping protocols need to be intensified to exploit a huge wealth of native genetic variation available in pearl millet to accelerate the genetic gains.

scholarly journals Improvement of restorer lines for strengthening pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) hybrid breeding in West and Central Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 204-214
Author(s):  
Hassane Zakari ◽  
◽  
Riyazaddin Mohammed ◽  
Prakash Irappa Gangashetty ◽  
Mahalingam Govindaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
West And Central Africa

scholarly journals Reproductive Cold Stress Tolerance in Sorghum F1 Hybrids is a Heterotic Trait

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
André Schaffasz ◽  
Steffen Windpassinger ◽  
Rod Snowdon ◽  
Benjamin Wittkop
Keyword(s):  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Poor Seed ◽  
High Heritability

The sensitivity of sorghum to pre-flowering cold stress, resulting in reduced pollen viability and poor seed set, is a major constraint for expanding growing areas into higher altitudes and latitudes. Nevertheless, compared to juvenile cold tolerance, reproductive cold tolerance in sorghum has received much less attention so far, and very little is known about its inheritance in F1-hybrids. We have composed a representative factorial (n = 49 experimental F1-hybrids) for a comprehensive study on heterosis and combining ability for crucial tolerance traits as spikelet fertility (panicle harvest index), seed yield and pollen viability, using field trials in stress- and control environments in Germany and Mexico as well as climate chamber experiments. Our results indicate a heterotic and rather dominant inheritance of reproductive cold tolerance in sorghum, with strong effects of female general combining ability (GCA) on F1-hybrid performance in our material. These findings, together with the comparatively low contribution of specific combining ability (SCA) effects and high heritability estimates, suggest that robust and efficient enhancement of reproductive cold tolerance is feasible via hybrid breeding.

scholarly journals Silica Production across Candidate Lignocellulosic Biorefinery Feedstocks

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Yifeng Xu ◽  
Nick Porter ◽  
Jamie L. Foster ◽  
James P. Muir ◽  
Paul Schwab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Energy Cane ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstocks ◽  
Sunn Hemp

Biofuels produced from non-food lignocellulosic feedstocks have the potential to replace a significant percentage of fossil fuels via high yield potential and suitability for cultivation on marginal lands. Commercialization of dedicated lignocellulosic crops into single biofuels, however, is hampered by conversion technology costs and decreasing oil prices. Integrated biorefinery approaches, where value-added chemicals are produced in conjunction with biofuels, offer significant potential towards overcoming this economic disadvantage. In this study, candidate lignocellulosic feedstocks were evaluated for their potential biomass and silica yields. Feedstock entries included pearl millet-napiergrass (“PMN”; Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br. × P. purpureum Schumach.), napiergrass (P. purpureum Schumach.), annual sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench), pearl millet (P. glaucum [L.] R. Br.), perennial sorghum (Sorghum spp.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus J.M. Greef and Deuter), and energy cane (Saccharum spp.). Replicated plots were planted at three locations and characterized for biomass yield, chemical composition including hemicellulose, cellulose, acid detergent lignin (ADL), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), and silica concentration. The PMN, napiergrass, energy cane, and sunn hemp had the highest biomass yields. They were superior candidates for ethanol production due to high cellulose and hemicellulose content. They also had high silica yield except for sunn hemp. Silica yield among feedstock entries ranged from 41 to 3249 kg ha−1. Based on high bioethanol and biosilica yield potential, PMN, napiergrass, and energy cane are the most promising biorefinery feedstock candidates for improving biofuel profitability.

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