scholarly journals Stimulus Dependence of Interocular Suppression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hau Lew ◽  
Scott B. Stevenson ◽  
Daniel R. Coates
Keyword(s):  
Negative Contrast ◽  
Positive Contrast ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Color Contrast ◽  
Eye Dominance ◽  
Stimulus Variation ◽  
Difference Of Gaussian ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Lower Contrast

Abstract Suppression is assessed using a variety of methods with different stimuli that vary in color, contrast, size, and luminance. We hypothesized that stimulus variation may yield different spatial extents of suppression. Here, to evaluate the role of stimulus characteristics, we measured the suppression zone using a binocular rivalry paradigm in normal observers by systematically varying the parameters of dichoptic Difference of Gaussian stimuli. The stimuli consist of a constantly visible horizontal reference seen by one eye while two vertical suppressors were presented to the other eye. With a keypress, the suppressors appeared for 1 second, to induce a robust transient suppression zone in the middle part of the reference. Subjects adjusted the width between the suppressors to determine the zone. The zone decreased significantly with increasing spatial frequency and lower contrast. The horizontal zone was larger than the vertical zone by a factor of 1.4. The zone was smaller with negative contrast stimuli compared to positive contrast polarity but independent of eye dominance, luminance and colored filters. We then fit a model to determine the optimal parametric definition of the suppression zone and found that the zone consists of two parts: a stimulus-dependent and a fixed non-stimulus dependent zone.

scholarly journals Stimulus dependence of interocular suppression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hau Lew ◽  
Scott B. Stevenson ◽  
Daniel R. Coates
Keyword(s):  
Scale Invariance ◽  
Positive Contrast ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Stimulus Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Color Contrast ◽  
Interocular Suppression ◽  
Eye Dominance ◽  
Lower Contrast

AbstractInterocular suppression is the phenomenon in which the signal from one eye inhibits the other eye in the presence of dissimilar images. Various clinical and laboratory-based tests have been used to assess suppression, which vary in color, contrast, and stimulus size. These stimulus variations may yield different spatial extents of suppression, which makes it difficult to compare the outcomes. To evaluate the role of stimulus characteristics, we measured the suppression zone using a binocular rivalry paradigm in normally-sighted observers by systematically varying the stimulus parameters. The stimuli consist of a constantly visible horizontal reference seen by one eye while two vertical suppressors were presented to the other eye. With a keypress, the suppressors appeared for 1 s, to induce a transient suppression zone in the middle part of the reference. Subjects adjusted the width between the suppressors to determine the zone. The zone decreased significantly with increasing spatial frequency and lower contrast. The width was 1.4 times larger than the height. The zone was smaller with negative compared to positive contrast polarity but independent of eye dominance, luminance, and colored filters. A departure from scale invariance was captured with a model suggesting a stimulus-dependent and a small fixed non-stimulus-dependent portion.

Enhancing the Mobile User Experience Through Colored Contrasts

2019 ◽  
pp. 863-876
Author(s):  
Jean-Éric Pelet ◽  
Basma Taieb
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Negative Contrast ◽  
Positive Contrast ◽  
Mobile User ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Color Contrast ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Green Background ◽  
Managerial Implications

This chapter examines the effects of the mobile-phone website colored contrasts and the affective states of the consumer (emotions and moods) and trust, respectively, on intention to revisit, buy on, and recommend the mobile website. For this purpose, a factorial plan 2x2 was developed, and a mobile website, with two different alternatives, was designed especially for the experiment: positive contrast (yellow text on green background) and negative contrast (green text on yellow background). The research was conducted on French consumers. Three-hundred twelve valid responses were collected through online and personal survey questionnaires. Data was analysed using the method of structural equations. The results show the significant effects of mobile website's color contrast on behavioral intentions. Perceived dominance and trust towards the website have positive effects on behavioral intentions, whereas mood has non-significant effects on behavioral intentions. Managerial implications are discussed.

Enhancing the Mobile User Experience Through Colored Contrasts

2018 ◽  
pp. 6070-6082
Author(s):  
Jean-Éric Pelet ◽  
Basma Taieb
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Negative Contrast ◽  
Positive Contrast ◽  
Mobile User ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Color Contrast ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Green Background ◽  
Managerial Implications

This study examines the effects of the mobile-phone website colored contrasts and the affective states of the consumer (emotions and moods) and trust respectively on intention to revisit, buy on and recommend the mobile website. For this purpose, a factorial plan 2x2 was developed and a mobile website, with two different alternatives, was designed especially for the experiment: positive contrast (yellow text on green background) and negative contrast (green text on yellow background). The research was conducted on French consumers. 312 valid responses were collected through online and personal survey questionnaires. Data was analysed using the method of structural equations. The results show the significant effects of mobile website's color contrast on behavioral intentions. Perceived dominance and trust towards the website have positive effects on behavioral intentions, whereas mood has non-significant effects on behavioral intentions. Managerial implications are discussed.

Designing Website Interfaces for M-Commerce With Consideration for Adult Consumers

2017 ◽  
pp. 288-308
Author(s):  
Jean-Éric Pelet ◽  
Basma Taieb
Keyword(s):  
Negative Contrast ◽  
Positive Contrast ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Color Contrast ◽  
Website Design ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Dark Background ◽  
Revisit Intentions ◽  
Principal Design

This chapter analyzes the interaction effects between the principal design cues of a mobile commerce website, such as background/foreground colors, font text and layout. Three experiments have been conducted based on visits to a fictitious m-commerce website. Experiment 1 manipulates the levels of color contrast: positive contrast (light text on a dark background) versus negative contrast (dark text on a light background). In experiment 2, contrast and font have been manipulated with a complete factorial plan: 2 x 2 (negative vs positive contrast x serif font vs sans serif font). Finally, contrast and layout have been manipulated in a third experimental 2 x 2 plan (negative vs positive contrast x dense vs airy layout). This research involved 219 French participants. Results show significant effects of the positive contrast (light text on a dark background) of the mobile website design on the purchase and revisit intentions of adults. Discussions about the interaction effects of design elements, limitations and directions for future research follow.

scholarly journals Effects of colored contrast of mobile websites on behavioral intentions

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Eric Pelet ◽  
Basma Taieb
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Negative Contrast ◽  
Positive Contrast ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Color Contrast ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Consumer Emotions ◽  
Green Background ◽  
Managerial Implications

This study examines the effects of the mobile-phone website colored contrasts and the affective states of the consumer (emotions and moods) and trust respectively on intention to revisit, buy on and recommend the mobile website. For this purpose, a factorial plan 2x2 was developed and a mobile website, with two different alternatives, was designed especially for the experiment: positive contrast (yellow text on green background) and negative contrast (green text on yellow background). The research was conducted on French consumers. 312 valid responses were collected through online and personal survey questionnaires. Data was analysed using the method of structural equations. The results show the significant effects of mobile website’s color contrast on behavioral intentions. Perceived dominance and trust towards the website have positive effects on behavioral intentions, whereas mood has non-significant effects on behavioral intentions. Managerial implications are discussed.

Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

Business Model Literature Overview

2014 ◽  
pp. 79-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ales Novak
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
Business Logic ◽  
Literature Overview ◽  
Ifrs 9 ◽  
Definition Of

The term ?business model' has recently attracted increased attention in the context of financial reporting and was formally introduced into the IFRS literature when IFRS 9 Financial Instruments was published in November 2009. However, IFRS 9 did not fully define the term ‘business model'. Furthermore, the literature on business models is quite diverse. It has been conducted in largely isolated fashion; therefore, no generally accepted definition of ?business model' has emerged. Therefore, a better understanding of the notion itself should be developed before further investigating its potential role within financial reporting. The aim of this paper is to highlight some of the perceived key themes and to identify other bases for grouping/organizing the literature based on business models. The contributions this paper makes to the literature are twofold: first, it complements previous review papers on business models; second, it contains a clear position on the distinction between the notions of the business model and strategy, which many authors identify as a key element in better explaining and communicating the notion of the business model. In this author's opinion, the term ‘strategy' is a dynamic and forward-looking notion, a sort of directional roadmap for future courses of action, whereas, ‘business model' is a more static notion, reflecting the conceptualisation of the company's underlying core business logic. The conclusion contains the author's thoughts on the role of the business model in financial reporting.

The Role of Moral Education on the Dress Code in the Higher Learning Institution

Sains Insani ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Ira Meilita Ibrahim ◽  
Taufik A. Latif ◽  
Afi Roshezry Abu Bakar ◽  
Muthualagan Thangavelu
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Private University ◽  
Public University ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Dress Code ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

The advancement of European dress to the rest of the world was linked to the definition of civilization as “a stage of social development considered to be more advanced” and “polite and good-mannered”. The widespread of their fashion style in the 19th and 20th centuries influenced the way the rest of the world attire. The fashion trend and dressing style thus change the purpose of dressing through time. The dressing style in campuses especially in private institutions of higher learning is under particular scrutiny, as it is often said to be inappropriate for a learning environment. This study looked at the importance of moral education, and its role in implementing the dress code for students among university students especially between two types of university i.e. public university and private university. It looked on the dressing style of students, both male and female, and the factors that lead to their dressing pattern which is common among students. This study also advocated the students’ understanding of the content of dress codes in their learning institution and the role played by moral education in regard to dress code. The overall study highlighted students’ perception towards the implementation of the dress code and punishment in their learning institution. The methodologies used to carry out this study are questionnaires and interviews. This study will therefore ascertain the important of dress code among students at higher learning institution and the role of moral education in cultivating values in order to dress properly or decently. Key Words: moral education, dress code, higher learning institution, civilization.

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