scholarly journals Canine helminthiases and associated risk factors in Kigali city, Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pie Ntampaka ◽  
François Niragire ◽  
Philip Njeru Nyaga ◽  
Gervais Habarugira
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Canine helminthiases pose a public health risk to humans and livestock. However, the prevalence of canine helminthiases in Rwanda is unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of canine helminthiases and to identify the associated risk factors in Kigali city. A cross-sectional study involved 93 dogs selected across Kigali city. Faecal samples were collected from apparently healthy dogs and helminth eggs were identified and quantified under microscope using McMaster technique. Risk factors for canine helminthiases were analysed by multivariable binary logistic regression analysis.Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal helminthiases in dogs was 39.8%, 95% CI: 29.84- 49.73. The most prevalent species was Ancylostoma spp with 32.3%, 95% CI: 22.76-41.76. About 38.7% and 3.4% (n= 31) of dogs having ancylostomosis and toxocarosis had high egg counts per gram of faeces (≥ 550) each. Logistic regression analysis showed that dog's age, dog feeding practices and location were significantly associated with the prevalence of canine helminthiases. Compared to dogs aged < 1 year, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of developing helminthiases was more than 10 times higher for dogs aged between 1- 2.5 years (AOR=10.310; 95% CI: 1.557- 68.288), more than 5 times greater for dogs aged between 2.5-5 years, and more than 7 times greater for dogs that were at least 5 years old (AOR=7.543; 95% CI: 1.1360.101). Furthermore, the AOR was more than 5 times higher (AOR=5.41; 95% CI: 1.28- 22.87) for dogs fed on raw animal origin supplements, leftovers from family food and restaurants and more than 13 times higher (AOR=13.581; 95% CI: 2.194-84.050) for dogs that ate leftovers from household food and scavenged compared to those that ate food prepared for them, respectively. Conclusions: All the identified helminths including Ancylostoma spp, Toxocara canis, and tapeworms are zoonotic, and they pose a public health risk to humans. There is an urgent need of increasing the awareness among pet owners on the role of dogs in transmitting zoonotic helminthiases to other animals and to humans. The control of zoonotic helminthiases in dog population should focus on taking appropriate measures to promote hygienic dog feeding practices at all ages.

scholarly journals Canine helminthiases and associated risk factors in Kigali city, Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pie Ntampaka ◽  
François Niragire ◽  
Philip Njeru Nyaga ◽  
Gervais Habarugira
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Canine helminthiases pose a public health risk to humans and livestock. However, the prevalence of canine helminthiases in Rwanda is unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of canine helminthiases and to identify the associated risk factors in Kigali city. A cross-sectional study involved 93 dogs selected across Kigali city. Faecal samples were collected from apparently healthy dogs and helminth eggs were identified and quantified under microscope using McMaster technique. Risk factors for canine helminthiases were analysed by multivariable binary logistic regression analysis.Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal helminthiases in dogs was 39.8%, 95% CI: 29.84- 49.73. The most prevalent species was Ancylostoma spp with 32.3%, 95% CI: 22.76-41.76. About 38.7% and 3.4% (n= 31) of dogs having ancylostomosis and toxocarosis had high egg counts per gram of faeces (≥ 550) each. Logistic regression analysis showed that dog's age, dog feeding practices and location were significantly associated with the prevalence of canine helminthiases. Compared to dogs aged < 1 year, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of developing helminthiases was more than 10 times higher for dogs aged between 1- 2.5 years (AOR=10.310; 95% CI: 1.557- 68.288), more than 5 times greater for dogs aged between 2.5-5 years, and more than 7 times greater for dogs that were at least 5 years old (AOR=7.543; 95% CI: 1.1360.101). Furthermore, the AOR was more than 5 times higher (AOR=5.41; 95% CI: 1.28- 22.87) for dogs fed on raw animal origin supplements, leftovers from family food and restaurants and more than 13 times higher (AOR=13.581; 95% CI: 2.194-84.050) for dogs that ate leftovers from household food and scavenged compared to those that ate food prepared for them, respectively. Conclusions: All the identified helminths including Ancylostoma spp, Toxocara canis, and tapeworms are zoonotic, and they pose a public health risk to humans. There is an urgent need of increasing the awareness among pet owners on the role of dogs in transmitting zoonotic helminthiases to other animals and to humans. The control of zoonotic helminthiases in dog population should focus on taking appropriate measures to promote hygienic dog feeding practices at all ages.

scholarly journals Canine helminthiases and associated risk factors in Kigali city, Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pie Ntampaka ◽  
François Niragire ◽  
Philip Njeru Nyaga ◽  
Gervais Habarugira
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Public Health Risk

Abstract Background: Canine helminthiases pose a public health risk to humans and livestock; however, the prevalence of canine helminthiases in Rwanda is unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of canine helminthiases and to identify the risk factors of such infections in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda. A cross-sectional study involved 93 dogs selected across Kigali city. Faecal samples were collected from apparently healthy dogs and helminth eggs were identified and quantified under microscope using McMaster technique. Risk factors for canine helminthiases were analysed by multivariable binary logistic regression analysis.Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal helminthiases in dogs was 39.8% ±5.08 (α=0.05). The most prevalent species was Ancylostoma spp with 32.3% ± 4.85 (30/93). About 38.7% and 3.4% (n= 31) of dogs suffering from ancylostomosis and/or toxocarosis had high egg counts per gram (EPG) of faeces (≥ 550) each. Approximately 97.3% (36/37) of dogs infected with helminths had mono-infection. Logistic regression analysis showed that dog's age (1 to 2. 5 years old and at least 5 years old) and location (Gasabo and Kicukiro) were significantly associated with the prevalence of canine helminthiases. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of dogs suffering from helminthiases was more than 61% lower in dogs dewormed once to twice a year compared to those who were never dewormed. In addition, the AOR was more than 5 times higher for dogs fed on raw animal origin supplements, leftovers from family food and restaurants compared to those who ate food prepared for them. The AOR was also more than 8 times higher for dogs that ate leftovers from household food and scavenged compared to those who ate food prepared for them. Conclusions: All the identified helminths including Ancylostoma spp, Toxocara canis, and tapeworms are zoonotic and they pose a public health risk to humans. There is an urgent need of increasing the awareness among pet owners on the role of dogs in the transmission of zoonotic helminthiases to other animals and also to humans. Moreover, it is highly relevant to inform and to take effective control measures in dog populations.

scholarly journals Canine helminthiases and associated risk factors in Kigali city, Rwanda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pie Ntampaka ◽  
François Niragire ◽  
Philip Njeru Nyaga ◽  
Gervais Habarugira
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Public Health Risk

Abstract Background Despite that canine helminthiases pose a public health risk to humans and livestock, the prevalence of canine helminthiases in Rwanda is unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of canine helminthiases and to identify the risk factors of such infections in Kigali, the capital city of Rwanda. A cross-sectional study involved 93 dogs selected across Kigali city. Faecal samples were collected from clinically healthy dogs and eggs worms were identified using McMaster technique. Risk factors for canine helminthiases were analysed by multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Results The overall prevalence of intestinal helminthiases in dogs was 39.8%. The most prevalent species was Ancylostoma spp (32.3%, n = 93). About 41.9% (n = 31) of dogs suffering from ancylostomosis and/or toxocarosis had high egg counts per gram (EPG) of faeces (≥ 550). Approximately 97.3% (n = 37) of dogs infected with helminths had mono-infection. Logistic regression analysis showed that dog's age and location were significantly associated with the prevalence of canine helminthiases. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of dogs suffering from helminthiases was more than 61% lower in dogs dewormed once to twice a year compared to those who were never dewormed. The AOR was more than 42% lower for restricted dogs compared to non-restricted ones. Conclusions All the identified helminths are zoonotic and they pose a public health risk to humans. There is urgent need of awareness among dog owners on the role of dogs in transmitting zoonotic helminthiases to other animals and humans as well as effective control measures.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Public Health Significance of Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants of Pastoral Community in Yabello District, Borana Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kula Jilo ◽  
Dechassa Tegegne ◽  
Sadik Kasim ◽  
Golo Dabasa ◽  
Wubishet Zewdei
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
History Of ◽  
Borana Zone

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic protozoan disease. Data on seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in Ethiopia is scarce, almost null in the pastoral area of the Borana zone. The study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence, to identify risk factors of toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats, and to assess the awareness level of pastoralists about toxoplasmosis in the Yabello district of Borana zone, Southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2016 to April 2017 in six peasant associations of the Yabello district of Borana zone, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 400 serum samples of randomly selected small ruminants owned by pastoralists were examined to detect antibodies specific to Toxoplasma gondii using Latex Agglutination Test (SPINREACT, Girona, Spain). A semistructured questionnaire survey was used to conduct a face-to-face interview with owners (n = 100) of sampled flocks. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of hypothesized risk factors. The overall seroprevalence was 52.8% of which 57.8 and 47.8% were sheep and goats, respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed a higher seroprevalence ratio of T. gondii infection in sheep than goats (COR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.226–3.112; P  = 0.005). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated significantly higher odds of acquiring T. gondii infection in adult animals (sheep: (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.323–3.874; P  = 0.003), goats: (AOR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.009–4.579; P  = 0.047)), female sheep (AOR = 2.45; CI: 1.313–4.568; P  = 0.005), animals from lowland areas (sheep: (AOR = 2.28; CI: 1.190–4.356; P  = 0.013), goat: (AOR = 3.27; CI: 1.386–7.723; P  = 0.007)), animal drinking lake water (sheep: (AOR = 1.93; CI: 1.011–3.698; P  = 0.046), goat: (AOR = 2.96; CI: 1.297–6.771; P  = 0.010)), and goats with history of abortion (AOR = 2.42; CI: 1.242–4.711; P  = 0.009) than young animals, male (sheep), animals from midland areas, animals drinking wells water, and flock with no history of abortion (goat), respectively. Among respondents, 97.0% had no knowledge about toxoplasmosis and 75.0% drink raw milk and consume the meat of sheep and goats. 80.0% of respondents had no knowledge about the risk of cats to human and animal health while 70.0% of them had domestic cats and practice improper fetal body handling. Highly prevailing toxoplasmosis in small ruminants of the Yabello district might pose a serious economic loss and be a potential public health threat to the extremely vulnerable pastoralists. Therefore, awareness and further studies are warranted to tackle the economic and public health consequences of T. gondii infection.

scholarly journals A recent update about seroprevalence of ovine neosporosis in Northern Egypt and its associated risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfattah Selim ◽  
Hanem Khater ◽  
Hamdan I. Almohammed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Northern Egypt ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractNeospora caninum (Family: Sarcocystidae) is an obligate intracellular protozoan. It is one of the most critical abortifacients in ruminants. The seroprevalence of antibodies against N. caninum and its risk factors was investigated among 430 sheep from four North Egyptian governorates, Alexandria, Gharbia, Menofia, and Qalyubia, during the period from 2017 to 2018. Generally, the overall prevalence rate of N. caninum among sheep was 8.6%. The logistic regression analysis for the obtained data revealed that N. caninum increased significantly with age (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 8.4–18.7) of the ewe (OR = 3.3, 95% CI: 7.6–14.9), particularly among sheep in contact with dogs (OR = 4.9, 95% CI: 7.5–14.3). Besides, locality, season, and pregnancy status of examined sheep had no significant effect on the appearance of N. caninum infection. the present findings confirm the presence of N. caninum among sheep in Egypt which probably play a role in reproductive failure in sheep. Therefore, sanitary measures and monitoring of the infection should be implemented to reduce the spreading of the infection.

scholarly journals Risk factors for tissue expander infection in scar reconstruction: a retrospective cohort study of 2374 consecutive cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Dong ◽  
Minhui Zhu ◽  
Luguang Huang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Hengxin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Tissue Expansion ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Hematoma Evacuation

Abstract Background Tissue expansion is used for scar reconstruction owing to its excellent clinical outcomes; however, the complications that emerge from tissue expansion hinder repair. Infection is considered a major complication of tissue expansion. This study aimed to analyze the perioperative risk factors for expander infection. Methods A large, retrospective, single-institution observational study was carried out over a 10-year period. The study enrolled consecutive patients who had undergone tissue expansion for scar reconstruction. Demographics, etiological data, expander-related characteristics and postoperative infection were assessed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify risk factors for expander infection. In addition, we conducted a sensitivity analysis for treatment failure caused by infection as an outcome. Results A total of 2374 expanders and 148 cases of expander infection were assessed. Treatment failure caused by infection occurred in 14 expanders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that disease duration of ≤1 year (odds ratio (OR), 2.07; p &lt; 0.001), larger volume of expander (200–400 ml vs &lt;200 ml; OR, 1.74; p = 0.032; &gt;400 ml vs &lt;200 ml; OR, 1.76; p = 0.049), limb location (OR, 2.22; p = 0.023) and hematoma evacuation (OR, 2.17; p = 0.049) were associated with a high likelihood of expander infection. Disease duration of ≤1 year (OR, 3.88; p = 0.015) and hematoma evacuation (OR, 10.35; p = 0.001) were so related to high risk of treatment failure. Conclusions The rate of expander infection in patients undergoing scar reconstruction was 6.2%. Disease duration of &lt;1 year, expander volume of &gt;200 ml, limb location and postoperative hematoma evacuation were independent risk factors for expander infection.

Characteristics of Adenocarcinoma of the Gallbladder Following Cholecystectomies in the Hispanic Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S64-S65
Author(s):  
David Gustafson ◽  
Osvaldo Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Gallbladder Disease ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Analysis

Abstract Introduction Gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBC) is a rare malignancy. Frequency of incidental adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder in the literature is approximately 0.2% to 3%. Typically, GBC is the most common type and is discovered late, not until significant symptoms develop. Common symptoms include right upper quadrant pain, nausea, anorexia, and jaundice. A number of risk factors in the literature are noted for GBC. These risk factors are also more prevalent in Hispanic populations. This study sought to compare patients with incidental gallbladder adenocarcinomas (IGBC) to those with high preoperative suspicion for GBC. Predictor variables included age, sex, ethnicity, radiologic wall thickening, gross pathology characteristics (wall thickness, stone size, stone number, and tumor size), histologic grade, and staging. Methods Cases of GBC were retrospectively analyzed from 2009 through 2017, yielding 21 cases. Data were collected via Cerner EMR of predictor variables noted above. Statistical analysis utilized conditional logistic regression analysis. Results The majority of patients were female (n = 20) and Hispanic (n = 19). There were 14 IGBCs and 7 nonincidental GBCs. In contrast with previous research, exact conditional logistic regression analysis revealed no statistically significant findings. For every one-unit increase in AJCC TNM staging, there was a nonsignificant 73% reduction in odds (OR = 0.27) of an incidental finding of gallbladder carcinoma. Conclusion This study is important in that it attempts to expand existing literature regarding a rare type of cancer in a unique population, one particularly affected by gallbladder disease. Further studies are needed to increase predictive knowledge of this cancer. Longer studies are needed to examine how predictive power affects patient outcomes. This study reinforces the need for routine pathologic examination of cholecystectomy specimens for cholelithiasis.

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