scholarly journals The Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Rc Gene, Which Imparts Resistance To Pre-Harvest Sprouting, Retains Seed and Milled Rice Quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wu ◽  
Shan Xu ◽  
Yuexin Fei ◽  
Yujie Cao ◽  
Hongkai Wu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in cereal crops, including rice ( Oryza sativa L.), causes substantial yield and end-use quality losses worldwide. These losses could be prevented through introgression of dormancy-related genes into commercial varieties. Rc gene, which, in the absence of Rd , results in rice with brown pericarp, controls seed dormancy. Through reciprocal cross analysis, we established that Rc has a completely dominant maternal effect on pericarp color, which may confer an advantage in PHS resistance to hybrid rice over inbred rice. To investigate the effect of Rc on PHS resistance and other traits, we developed two sets of NIL-derived populations targeting the Rc locus in japonica and indica rice. In japonica rice, the sprouting percentage (SP) of seeds produced by maternal plants with an Rcrc or RcRc genotype was significantly (~43%) lower than that produced by maternal plants with an rcrc genotype. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the SP of seeds produced by maternal plants with Rcrc and RcRc genotypes; therefore, the SP of seeds produced by maternal plants with the Rcrc genotype showed no genetic segregation, indicating that Rc has a dominant maternal effect on PHS resistance. The SP of brown hybrid seed was significantly (~50%) lower than that of white hybrid seed, indicating that the effect of Rc on PHS resistance failed to be counteracted by gibberellic acid application in hybrid seed production. In indica hybrid rice, the SP of brown hybrid rice was significantly (~48%) lower than that of white hybrid rice. Thus, Rc significantly affects PHS resistance in both japonica and indica rice. Moreover, there was no difference between the RcRc , Rcrc , and rcrc genotypes in germination percentage (GP) of after-ripened seeds and no difference between brown and white hybrid seeds in seedling establishment, indicating that releasing Rc -controlled dormancy retains seed quality and does not negatively affect the next agricultural production cycle. Further investigation showed that there was no significant difference between the milled rice qualities of brown- and white-pericarp rice, including total amylose content, hot-water-insoluble amylose content, gel consistency, alkali spreading value, rapid viscosity analyzer profile properties, crude protein content, and crude fat content. DPPH• inhibition percentage, an indicator of antioxidative capacity, of Rcrc and RcRc genotypes bran was nearly double that of rcrc . Therefore, Wide application of the Rc gene would not only protect against PHS, but would also enhance the production of naturally occurring antioxidants that could make a significant contribution to human health.Description of key termsNIL-derived population: a randomly segregated population (such as F2) developed by crossing a near-isogenic lines (NILs) with its background parent.Hybrid seed production: for rice, the use of a fertile breeding line (male parent) to pollinate a male sterile line (female parent) to produce hybrid seeds (F1), which are harvested from the male sterile line and sold to farmers to produce hybrid rice (F2 seeds as food). In the hybrid seed production, gibberellic acid (GA) application is required to increase hybrid seed yield.Highlights• Compared with a NIL, a NIL-derived population can further eliminate not only the genetic background effect but also the environmental effect.• Rc gene has a significant effect on pre-harvest sprout (PHS) resistance and Rc-controlled dormancy does not negatively affect next agricultural production cycle.• Rc gene has a completely dominant maternal effect on PHS resistance, which confers an advantage to hybrid rice over inbred rice, and the effect fails to be counteracted by GA application in hybrid seed production.• Rc gene retains the same milled rice qualities of brown-pericarp rice as that of white-pericarp rice and the brown-pericarp rice possesses a higher antioxidative capacity than the white-pericarp rice.• Wide application of the Rc gene would not only protect against PHS, but would also enhance the production of naturally occurring antioxidants that could make a significant contribution to human health.

scholarly journals Detection of QTLs for Outcrossing-Related Traits in CSSL Population Derived from Primitive Japonica Accession Ludao in the Genetic Background of O. sativa spp. Japonica Restorer C-bao Using RSTEP-LRT Method

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Lal Bux ◽  
Dalu Li ◽  
Muhammad Faheem ◽  
Nour Ali ◽  
Muzafar Hussain Sirohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Cms Line

The outcrossing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) affect the yield of hybrid seed production. Using a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line with good outcrossing traits, such as short flag leaf length (FLL), narrow flag leaf width (FLW), wide flag leaf angle (FLA), and elongated panicle neck length (PNL), for hybrid rice seed production, it is possible to avoid the procedure of cutting flag leaves and make the supplementary pollination feasible by machine. In this study, a japonica restorer C-bao as the receptor parent and a primitive japonica accession Ludao as the donor parent were used to construct a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) population. The CSSL population was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the four outcrossing traits using a likelihood ratio test based on the stepwise regression (RSTEP-LRT) method. The CSSL population constructed consisted of 163 lines covering 90.7% of the donor genome. Among the seven QTLs detected in the CSSL population, four QTLs were detected in both years. qFLL-4 explained 6.70% of the two-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao decreased FLL 5.1 cm. qFLA-1.1 and qFLA-1.2 explained 7.85% and 21.29% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance respectively, and the alleles from Ludao increased FLA 17.38° and 31.50°. qPNL-8 explained 8.87% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao increased PNL 4.44 cm. These favorable alleles identified could be used to improve the outcrossing traits of parents for hybrid rice seed production in rice.

scholarly journals Kualitas Fisik Beras (Oryza sativa L.) Mutan M4 Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Nanda Funna Ledita ◽  
Efendi Efendi ◽  
Rita Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Mutant Line ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation

Abstrak.  Beras (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan yang berfungsi sebagai tanaman pokok selain gandum dan jagung di Indonesia, dikarenakan mengandung nutrisi yang dibutuhkan tubuh seperti karbohidrat, protein, air  dan lemak. Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk maka permintaan terhadap beras semakin meningkat. Permintaan tersebut sangat ditentukan oleh selera konsumen yang dipengaruhi oleh kualitas beras yaitu mutu fisik (ukuran dan bentuk butiran, rendemen dan pengapuran), mutu tanak (kadar amilosa dan suhu gelatinisasi) dan mutu rasa (tekstur dan aroma). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas beberapa galur padi mutan M4 hasil iradiasi sinar gamma. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih, Laboratorium Analisis Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian, Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan dan Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, serta Laboratorium Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor, yang berlangsung pada bulan April hingga Juli 2018. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola non faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian ini berupa galur (G) dengan 5 taraf, yaitu i-Snb (G0) kontrol, O-39e (G1), O-57d (G2), O-57e (G3) dan O-88j (G4). Parameter yang diamati yaitu sifat fisik beras (densitas kamba, derajat sosoh, dimensi beras rendemen beras giling, dan warna). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur  mutan M4 berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kualitas sifat fisik rendemen beras giling dan warna nilai L (kecerahan). Rendemen beras giling terbaik galur O-39e (70,33%) dan warna nilai L (kecerahan) galur O-88j (117,90).  Perlakuan terbaik secara kumulatif  untuk sifat fisik beras yaitu pada i-Snb.. Physical Quality of Rice (Oryza sativa L. ) M4  Mutant Results of Gamma Ray IrradiationAbstract. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of main food which the function is to be staple food beside wheat and corn in Indonesia because it contains nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, water, and fat. Towards the increasing populations, the demand of rice is increasing as well. The demand is largerly depends on the consumer taste affected by the quality of rice which are physical quality (size and grain shape, rendemen, and calcification), cooked quality (amylose content and gelatinization temperature) and flavor quality (texture and smell). The purpose of this research was to investigate the quality of rice from several M4 mutant line resulting from gamma ray irradiation. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology and Laboratory of Food and Agricultural Analysis, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, from the month April to July 2018. The design used in this study was based on a non-factorial completely randomize design with 3 replications and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) level of 5% on a significant F test results. The results showed that the M4 mutant line had a very significant effect on the quality of physical properties, the yield of milled rice and the best color L (brightness), namely on the O-88j and O-39e line.

scholarly journals Assessment of Appropriate Doses of GA3 and Row Ratio for Better Seed Yield of a Promising Hybrid Rice Variety

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
MJ Hasan ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
A Akter ◽  
MU Kulsum ◽  
A Islam
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Research Institute

A field experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) farm, Gazipur during dry season 2013-14 to find out the appropriate GA3 dose and row ratio for hybrid seed production. GA3 doses were applied @ 0, 80, 160, 240 and 320 g ha-1 with different row ratio. Results revealed that GA3 application influenced the panicle exsertion rate only. The calculated optimum GA3 dose was 302.4 g ha-1 with the highest PER (84.62%). Seed yield and OCR were influenced by row ratio. The highest OCR was observed with 2:12 row ratio while the highest seed yield was found in 2:14 row ratio.Bangladesh Rice j. 2015, 19(1): 57-61

scholarly journals Hybrid rice development in Indonesia: constraints and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01047
Author(s):  
Satoto ◽  
Yuni Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Seed Grower

This paper reviews the constraints and opportunities of hybrid rice development in Indonesia. Indonesia has released more than a hundred hybrid rice varieties; Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) developed 21 varieties. Extensive trials were conducted on the various aspects of seed production by government sectors and private companies. Significant progress has been made in hybrid rice seed production, with seed yield increasing from 1 t/ha to 3 t/ha. Various problems should be considered to develop a good seed production system. The constraints are the low outcrossing rate, shortage of suitable land, high cost and labor, lack of trained personnel, climatic fluctuations in rainfall and temperature, and limited hybrid rice seed grower. Private sectors investment in hybrid rice has been increased. Positive support from government and private companies will boost hybrid rice’s adoption rapidity. Collaboration of hybrid rice dissemination across institutions was a meaningful way to encourage hybrid rice adoption. Optimizing seed production technologies could significantly increase the present level of hybrid seed yield. The opportunities are an increase of rice demand, various materials genetic, distribution of rice ecosystem, and public-private sector partnership that developed on hybrid seed production to accelerate the adoption of hybrid rice. It supports not only the research and development but also the dissemination and adoption.

Techniques of Hybrid Seed Production in Egg Plant

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Vindhyachal Prasad ◽  
S. K. Dasgupta ◽  
S. K. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Egg Plant

scholarly journals Molecular regulation ofZmMs7required for maize male fertility and development of a dominant male-sterility system in multiple species

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (38) ◽  
pp. 23499-23509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueli An ◽  
Biao Ma ◽  
Meijuan Duan ◽  
Zhenying Dong ◽  
Ruogu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Pollen Exine ◽  
Multiple Species

Understanding the molecular basis of male sterility and developing practical male-sterility systems are essential for heterosis utilization and commercial hybrid seed production in crops. Here, we report molecular regulation by genic male-sterility genemaize male sterility 7(ZmMs7) and its application for developing a dominant male-sterility system in multiple species.ZmMs7is specifically expressed in maize anthers, encodes a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger protein that functions as a transcriptional activator, and plays a key role in tapetal development and pollen exine formation. ZmMs7 can interact with maize nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) subunits to form ZmMs7-NF-YA6-YB2-YC9/12/15 protein complexes that activate target genes by directly binding to CCAAT box in their promoter regions. Premature expression ofZmMs7in maize by an anther-specific promoterp5126results in dominant and complete male sterility but normal vegetative growth and female fertility. Early expression ofZmMs7downstream genes induced by prematurely expressed ZmMs7 leads to abnormal tapetal development and pollen exine formation inp5126-ZmMs7maize lines. Thep5126-ZmMs7transgenic rice andArabidopsisplants display similar dominant male sterility. Meanwhile, themCherrygene coupled withp5126-ZmMs7facilitates the sorting of dominant sterility seeds based on fluorescent selection. In addition, both thems7-6007recessive male-sterility line andp5126-ZmMs7Mdominant male-sterility line are highly stable under different genetic germplasms and thus applicable for hybrid maize breeding. Together, our work provides insight into the mechanisms of anther and pollen development and a promising technology for hybrid seed production in crops.

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