scholarly journals Kualitas Fisik Beras (Oryza sativa L.) Mutan M4 Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
Nanda Funna Ledita ◽  
Efendi Efendi ◽  
Rita Hayati
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Mutant Line ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation

Abstrak.  Beras (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman pangan yang berfungsi sebagai tanaman pokok selain gandum dan jagung di Indonesia, dikarenakan mengandung nutrisi yang dibutuhkan tubuh seperti karbohidrat, protein, air  dan lemak. Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk maka permintaan terhadap beras semakin meningkat. Permintaan tersebut sangat ditentukan oleh selera konsumen yang dipengaruhi oleh kualitas beras yaitu mutu fisik (ukuran dan bentuk butiran, rendemen dan pengapuran), mutu tanak (kadar amilosa dan suhu gelatinisasi) dan mutu rasa (tekstur dan aroma). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas beberapa galur padi mutan M4 hasil iradiasi sinar gamma. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih, Laboratorium Analisis Pangan dan Hasil Pertanian, Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan dan Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala, serta Laboratorium Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor, yang berlangsung pada bulan April hingga Juli 2018. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola non faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian ini berupa galur (G) dengan 5 taraf, yaitu i-Snb (G0) kontrol, O-39e (G1), O-57d (G2), O-57e (G3) dan O-88j (G4). Parameter yang diamati yaitu sifat fisik beras (densitas kamba, derajat sosoh, dimensi beras rendemen beras giling, dan warna). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur  mutan M4 berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kualitas sifat fisik rendemen beras giling dan warna nilai L (kecerahan). Rendemen beras giling terbaik galur O-39e (70,33%) dan warna nilai L (kecerahan) galur O-88j (117,90).  Perlakuan terbaik secara kumulatif  untuk sifat fisik beras yaitu pada i-Snb.. Physical Quality of Rice (Oryza sativa L. ) M4  Mutant Results of Gamma Ray IrradiationAbstract. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of main food which the function is to be staple food beside wheat and corn in Indonesia because it contains nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, water, and fat. Towards the increasing populations, the demand of rice is increasing as well. The demand is largerly depends on the consumer taste affected by the quality of rice which are physical quality (size and grain shape, rendemen, and calcification), cooked quality (amylose content and gelatinization temperature) and flavor quality (texture and smell). The purpose of this research was to investigate the quality of rice from several M4 mutant line resulting from gamma ray irradiation. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology and Laboratory of Food and Agricultural Analysis, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, from the month April to July 2018. The design used in this study was based on a non-factorial completely randomize design with 3 replications and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) level of 5% on a significant F test results. The results showed that the M4 mutant line had a very significant effect on the quality of physical properties, the yield of milled rice and the best color L (brightness), namely on the O-88j and O-39e line.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physicochemical and Cooking Characteristics of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces of Lamjung and Tanahun Districts, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit Pokhrel ◽  
Anup Dhakal ◽  
Shishir Sharma ◽  
Ankur Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Cooking Properties ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Apparent Amylose Content ◽  
Modern Varieties

After the Green Revolution, the increase in the choice of modern varieties at the expense of landraces has become a major cause of varietal loss. The preference, choice, and the economy of rice (Oryza sativa L.) largely depend on its physicochemical and cooking properties, which are found to be superior for landraces than modern varieties. In this study, we assessed and evaluated milled rice of 30 rice landraces on their physicochemical and cooking characteristics which aim to promote the revival of old landraces. Six parameters of physical properties, four parameters of chemical properties, and five parameters of cooking properties were evaluated based on the standard protocols. Significant variations (p<0.05) were found in all the properties that were evaluated. The result showed that the highest milling recovery was found in Indrabeli (75.55%) whereas the lowest was found in Kalo Masino (66.98%) and bulk density ranged from 0.81 g/cm3 to 0.88 g/cm3 showing not much variability. Although most of them were of medium grain type, their 1000 kernel weight varied between 12.62 g and 25.65 g. From the observed chemical properties, Pahelo Anadi (9.73±0.55 mm) showed the highest gel consistency and lowest apparent amylose content (7.23±0.36%). Also, 13% of landraces possessed strong aroma while noble cooking properties were showed by Thakali Lahare Marsi with the highest elongation ratio (2.41±0.05) and by Chiniya with the lowest gruel solid loss (0.033±0.03%) and minimum optimum cooking time (23.45±0.03 min). In the principal component analysis, the first four principal components retained 73.8% of the variance. The first and second principal components were mostly related with the physical and chemical characteristics while the third and fourth principal components were concerned with cooking characters. Superior characters possessed by rice landraces can be further assessed for the breeding programs so that the cultivation of these cherished rice landraces can be enhanced.

scholarly journals The Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Rc Gene, Which Imparts Resistance To Pre-Harvest Sprouting, Retains Seed and Milled Rice Quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Wu ◽  
Shan Xu ◽  
Yuexin Fei ◽  
Yujie Cao ◽  
Hongkai Wu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in cereal crops, including rice ( Oryza sativa L.), causes substantial yield and end-use quality losses worldwide. These losses could be prevented through introgression of dormancy-related genes into commercial varieties. Rc gene, which, in the absence of Rd , results in rice with brown pericarp, controls seed dormancy. Through reciprocal cross analysis, we established that Rc has a completely dominant maternal effect on pericarp color, which may confer an advantage in PHS resistance to hybrid rice over inbred rice. To investigate the effect of Rc on PHS resistance and other traits, we developed two sets of NIL-derived populations targeting the Rc locus in japonica and indica rice. In japonica rice, the sprouting percentage (SP) of seeds produced by maternal plants with an Rcrc or RcRc genotype was significantly (~43%) lower than that produced by maternal plants with an rcrc genotype. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the SP of seeds produced by maternal plants with Rcrc and RcRc genotypes; therefore, the SP of seeds produced by maternal plants with the Rcrc genotype showed no genetic segregation, indicating that Rc has a dominant maternal effect on PHS resistance. The SP of brown hybrid seed was significantly (~50%) lower than that of white hybrid seed, indicating that the effect of Rc on PHS resistance failed to be counteracted by gibberellic acid application in hybrid seed production. In indica hybrid rice, the SP of brown hybrid rice was significantly (~48%) lower than that of white hybrid rice. Thus, Rc significantly affects PHS resistance in both japonica and indica rice. Moreover, there was no difference between the RcRc , Rcrc , and rcrc genotypes in germination percentage (GP) of after-ripened seeds and no difference between brown and white hybrid seeds in seedling establishment, indicating that releasing Rc -controlled dormancy retains seed quality and does not negatively affect the next agricultural production cycle. Further investigation showed that there was no significant difference between the milled rice qualities of brown- and white-pericarp rice, including total amylose content, hot-water-insoluble amylose content, gel consistency, alkali spreading value, rapid viscosity analyzer profile properties, crude protein content, and crude fat content. DPPH• inhibition percentage, an indicator of antioxidative capacity, of Rcrc and RcRc genotypes bran was nearly double that of rcrc . Therefore, Wide application of the Rc gene would not only protect against PHS, but would also enhance the production of naturally occurring antioxidants that could make a significant contribution to human health.Description of key termsNIL-derived population: a randomly segregated population (such as F2) developed by crossing a near-isogenic lines (NILs) with its background parent.Hybrid seed production: for rice, the use of a fertile breeding line (male parent) to pollinate a male sterile line (female parent) to produce hybrid seeds (F1), which are harvested from the male sterile line and sold to farmers to produce hybrid rice (F2 seeds as food). In the hybrid seed production, gibberellic acid (GA) application is required to increase hybrid seed yield.Highlights• Compared with a NIL, a NIL-derived population can further eliminate not only the genetic background effect but also the environmental effect.• Rc gene has a significant effect on pre-harvest sprout (PHS) resistance and Rc-controlled dormancy does not negatively affect next agricultural production cycle.• Rc gene has a completely dominant maternal effect on PHS resistance, which confers an advantage to hybrid rice over inbred rice, and the effect fails to be counteracted by GA application in hybrid seed production.• Rc gene retains the same milled rice qualities of brown-pericarp rice as that of white-pericarp rice and the brown-pericarp rice possesses a higher antioxidative capacity than the white-pericarp rice.• Wide application of the Rc gene would not only protect against PHS, but would also enhance the production of naturally occurring antioxidants that could make a significant contribution to human health.

scholarly journals Effect of Foliar Application of Silicon on Yield and Quality of Rice (Oryza Sativa L)

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ahmad ◽  
M. Afzal ◽  
A.U.H. Ahmad ◽  
M. Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract A field experiment was conducted at University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan, to investigate the effect of foliar application of silicon on yield and quality of fine rice (Oryza sativa L.). The research was designed as randomized complete block design (RCBD) having three replications and 6m x 4.5m net plot size was maintained. Foliar applications of silicon’s aqueous solution were used as treatments comprised of control, 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.00% silicon solutions. Nursery of 30 days old seedling nursery was transplanted to the plots under aerobic condition and 22.5cm hill to hill distance was maintained. Sodium silicate (20.35% Si) as the source of silicon (soluble in warm water) was used. Fertilizer inputs as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were uniformly applied at the rate of 100, 67, 67 kg ha-1 while all other agronomic practices were kept constant for all the treatments. The data from the field (yield components) as well as lab analysis (quality parameters) was recorded according to the standard procedures. Fisher’s analysis of the variance technique was used for statistical analysis and treatment’s mean differences were compared using least significant difference (LSD) test at 5% probability level. Silicon showed no significant effect on plant height, harvest index, number of kernels and opaque kernels percentage. Silicon (0.50% silicon solution) produced maximum grain diameter and grain protein while silicon @ 1.00% silicon solution resulted maximum in number of productive tillers, straw yield, spike per panicle, 1000 grain weight, paddy yield and grain starch. All others parameters have overlapping results of different silicon levels.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation Analysis of Early-heading Plant (Oryza sativa L.) Lines Derived from Gamma-ray Irradiation

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai-Hyunk Ryu ◽  
Hyun-Su So ◽  
Jae-Il Lyu ◽  
Oh-Do Kwon ◽  
Young-Il Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation

scholarly journals The growth and leaf chlorophyll in black rice (Oryza sativa L. Indica) plants induced by gamma rays as responses to the drought stress condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
E Purwanto ◽  
A M Ula ◽  
Parjanto
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Drought Stress Condition ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation

Abstract The aims of this study to determine the growth and leaf chlorophyll content in black rice (Oryza sativa L. Indica) which were induced by gamma rays as responses to the drought stress conditions. This study was carried out on July–November 2020, at the experimental field (screenhouse), Medicinae Street, UNS Perum, Jati Village, Jaten District, Karanganyar Regency. Meanwhile, the chlorophyll content test was carried out at Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret. The study was a field trial research design without replication. The research treatments were 24 genotypes as follows: 10 genotypes of 100 gray gamma-ray irradiation with 2 control genotypes; and 10 genotypes of 200 gray gamma-irradiation with 2 control genotypes. The results showed that the plant height was lower in plants with irradiation compared to the Control-01 plant. The crown-root ratio showed irradiated plants had higher average results than control plants. The leaf chlorophyll of 100 gray irradiated plants showed higher results than control; while 200 gray irradiated plants showed similar results.

Effect of urea phosphate foliar supplementation on yield, nutrient uptake and grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in acid Inceptisols

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Monica ◽  
AK Dash ◽  
N Panda ◽  
M Prusty
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Urea Phosphate ◽  
The Impact

Essential plant nutrient elements are generally applied to crops through soil to achieve more economic yields. Of the methods followed soil application is common and efficient for nutrients required in large quantities. However, under some situations crop responds better to foliar application along with blanket doses of fertilizers. Foliar application of urea phosphate (UP), an acidic nitrogen (N) and phosphate (P) nutrient fertilizers, along with blanket fertilizer doses can influence the yield as well as nutrient uptake and grain quality characteristics of the crop rice. A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of urea phosphate on yield, nutrient uptake and grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in acid Inceptisols of Odisha, India. Different treatments were thus framed to test the hypothesis as T1-control (no nutrient); T2- 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF); T3 -75% RDF; T4 -100% RDF; T5 -50% RDF + twice foliar spray (FS) of 1% UP; T6 -50% RDF + twice FS of 2% UP; T7 -75% RDF + twice FS of 1% UP; T8 -75% RDF + twice FS of 2% UP; T9 -100% RDF + twice FS of 1% UP and T10 -100% RDF + twice FS of 2% UP. Growth parameters like plant height (107.60 cm), panicle length (25.72 cm) and number of effective tillers per hill (13.58) were found to be highest in the plots where twice FS of 2% UP along with 100% RDF was applied. The grain (4579.33 kg ha-1) and straw yield (5121.90 kg ha-1) of rice were also observed highest with T10 over T9, where 100% RDF + twice FS of 1% UP was applied. Uptake of nutrients like N (63.45 kg ha-1), P (18.36 kg ha-1 ) and K (96.85 kg ha-1) were found to be numerically higher in T10 where 100% RDF + twice FS of 2% UP was applied. The grain quality parameters of rice like protein content (R² = 0.624), alkali value (R² = 0.622) and amylose content (R² = 0.618) were significantly varied among the treatments.

scholarly journals Morphology Performance On Six Black Rice Accessions (Oryza Sativa L.) In M1 Generation Irradiated By Gamma Rays

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Roza Yunita ◽  
Siti Nurhidayah
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Black Rice ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽  
Materials Used

Increasing the genetic diversity of plants can be done through physical mutations with gamma-ray irradiation. This study aims to determine gamma-ray irradiation on the growth of six M1 generation black rice accessions. This research was conducted in May-October 2019 at the Experimental Rice Fields of the Tasikmalaya Perjuangan University, West Java. The materials used in this study were six accessions from Tasikmalaya (PH, PH2, PH3, PH5, PH7, and PH8) without 0 Gy irradiation and with 200 Gy gamma-ray irradiation of M1 generation. The results showed that gamma-ray irradiation reduced germination characteristics, seedling height, and flowering age. Some of the accessions showed different effects; there were a decrease and an increase in the characters of root length, plant height, number of productive tillers, number of unproductive tillers, and the total number of tillers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document