scholarly journals Physiological and molecular characterization of active fungi in pesticides contaminated soils for degradation of glyphosate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelechi L. Njoku ◽  
Peter O. Eludini ◽  
Adeola A. Adesuyi ◽  
Emea O. Ude ◽  
Ayodeji O. Oyelami
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Biodegradation Study ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Glyphosate Degradation

Abstract Understanding the physiological and molecular characteristics of naturally occurring fungi in glyphosate pesticide-contaminated environment is crucial to managing its contamination. The study was aimed at isolating and characterizing soil fungi for their physiological roles towards glyphosate degradation. Pure cultures of fungi were isolated from soil contaminated with glyphosate at farms in Lagos, Nigeria. The cultures were grown on minimal salt agar media amended with glyphosate. The best isolates exhibiting good tolerance to the glyphosate were characterized using molecular techniques. The BLAST search indicated that the fungi belong to four Aspergillus species (Aspergillus flavus strain JN-YG-3-5, Aspergillus niger strain APBSDSF96, Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052 and Aspergillus flavus strain APBSWTPF130, Trichoderma gamsii and Penicillium simplicissimum. The biodegradation study of the glyphosate by the selected fungi species showed the presence of Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA) except for Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052. Annotation analysis of the partial gene sequence showed that the strains possess protein coding gene clusters for glyphosate utilization and other physiological activities. The GhostKOALA output confirmed that CYP2W1 gene (Cytochrome P450, fungi type) was present in Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052 which was absent in the genome of other fungi. The physiological and molecular characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052 clearly show that this fungus is a useful organism for managing contamination by glyphosate pesticide.

scholarly journals Physiological and molecular characterization of active fungi in pesticides contaminated soils for degradation of glyphosate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelechi L. Njoku ◽  
Peter O. Eludini ◽  
Adeola A. Adesuyi ◽  
Emea O. Ude ◽  
Ayodeji O. Oyelami
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Biodegradation Study ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Glyphosate Degradation

Abstract Understanding the physiological and molecular characteristics of naturally occurring fungi in glyphosate pesticide contaminated environment is crucial to managing its contamination. The study was aimed at isolating and characterizing soil fungi for their physiological roles towards glyphosate degradation. Pure cultures of fungi were isolated from soil contaminated with glyphosate at farms in Lagos, Nigeria. The cultures were grown on minimal salt agar media amended with glyphosate. The best isolates exhibiting good tolerance to the glyphosate were characterized using molecular techniques. The BLAST search indicated that the fungi belong to four Aspergillus species (Aspergillus flavus strain JN-YG-3-5, Aspergillus niger strain APBSDSF96, Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052 and Aspergillus flavus strain APBSWTPF130, Trichoderma gamsii and Penicillium simplicissimum. The biodegradation study of the glyphosate by the selected fungi species showed the presence of Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA) except for Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052. Annotation analysis of the partial gene sequence shows that the strains possess protein coding gene clusters for glyphosate utilization and other physiological activities. The GhostKOALA output confirmed that CYP2W1 gene (Cytochrome P450, fungi type) was present in Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052 which was absent in genome of other fungi. The physiological and molecular characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052 clearly show that this isolate is a useful organism for managing contamination by glyphosate pesticide.

scholarly journals Physiological and molecular characterization of active fungi in pesticides contaminated soils for degradation of glyphosate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelechi L. Njoku ◽  
Peter O. Eludini ◽  
Adeola A. Adesuyi ◽  
Emea O. Ude ◽  
Ayodeji O. Oyelami
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Biodegradation Study ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Glyphosate Degradation

Abstract Understanding the physiological and molecular characteristics of naturally occurring fungi in glyphosate pesticide contaminated environment is crucial to managing its contamination. The study was aimed at isolating and characterizing soil fungi for their physiological roles towards glyphosate degradation. Pure cultures of fungi were isolated from soil contaminated with glyphosate at farms in Lagos, Nigeria. The cultures were grown on minimal salt agar media amended with glyphosate. The best isolates exhibiting good tolerance to the glyphosate were characterized using molecular techniques. The BLAST search indicated that the fungi belong to four Aspergillus species ( Aspergillus flavus strain JN-YG-3-5, Aspergillus niger strain APBSDSF96, Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052 and Aspergillus flavus strain APBSWTPF130, Trichoderma gamsii and Penicillium simplicissimum . The biodegradation study of the glyphosate by the selected fungi species showed the presence of Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA) except for Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052. Annotation analysis of the partial gene sequence shows that the strains possess protein coding gene clusters for glyphosate utilization and other physiological activities. The GhostKOALA output confirmed that CYP2W1 gene (Cytochrome P450, fungi type) was present in Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052 which was absent in genome of other fungi. The physiological and molecular characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052 clearly show that this isolate is a useful organism for managing contamination by glyphosate pesticide.

scholarly journals Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Active Fungi in Pesticides Contaminated Soils for Degradation of Glyphosate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelechi L. Njoku ◽  
Peter O. Eludini ◽  
Adeola A. Adesuyi ◽  
Emea O. Ude ◽  
Ayodeji O. Oyelami
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Biodegradation Study ◽  
Pure Cultures

Abstract Pesticide contamination is a substantial problem in controlling agricultural pests. Understanding the physiological and molecular characteristics of naturally occurring fungi in the pesticide contaminated environment is crucial to managing glyphosate contamination. The study was aimed at isolating and characterizing soil fungi for their physiological roles towards glyphosate degradation. Pure cultures of fungi were isolated from soil contaminated with glyphosate at farms in Lagos, Nigeria. The cultures were grown on minimal salt agar media amended with glyphosate. The best isolates exhibiting good tolerance to the glyphosate were characterized using molecular techniques. The BLAST search indicated that the fungi belong to four Aspergillus species (Aspergillus flavus strain JN-YG-3-5, Aspergillus niger strain APBSDSF96, Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052 and Aspergillus flavus strain APBSWTPF130, Trichoderma gamsii and Penicillium simplicissimum. The biodegradation study of the glyphosate by the selected fungi species showed the presence of Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA) except for Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052. This validates AMPA as a valid pathway for degradation of glyphosate by fungi. Annotation analysis of the partial gene sequence shows that the strains possess protein coding gene clusters for glyphosate utilization and other physiological activities. A comparative genome analysis revealed that the genomes of the fungi were highly similar with genomes of environmental samples especially to Clostridium perfringens The GhostKOALA output confirmed that CYP2W1 gene (Cytochrome P450, fungi type) was present in Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052 which was absent in genome of other fungi. The physiological and molecular characteristics of Aspergillus fumigatus strain FJAT-31052 clearly show that this isolate is a useful organism for managing contamination by glyphosate pesticide. Consequently, the isolated microorganism strains can be used in other soils as microbial inoculants for bio-augmentation combining them for their probable ability to degrade pesticides along with their biotechnological applications like enzyme-based remediation.

scholarly journals A Tool for Reliable Detection of Aflatoxin Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Aflatoxigenic and Atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Isolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Mitema ◽  
Naser Aliye Feto ◽  
Sheila Okoth ◽  
Mohamed Suhail Rafudeen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Phenotypic Characterisation ◽  
Real Time Qpcr

AbstractMolecular techniques and phenotypic characterisation have been used to differentiate aflatoxigenic and atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains. However, there is a lack of a consistent and reliable tool for discrimination between these strains of A. flavus. Here we report, an optimised real-time qPCR-based tool for reliable differentiation between aflatoxigenic and atoxigenic strains of A. flavus. Accordingly, expression profiles and deletion patterns of genes responsible for aflatoxin production in five representative aflatoxigenic and atoxigenic A. flavus strains (KSM012, KSM014, HB021, HB026 and HB027) were examined using the optimised real-time qPCR tool. We observed that under induced conditions, aflP, aflS, aflR and aflO transcripts were the most upregulated genes across the tested isolates while aflS and aflO were always expressed in both induced and uninduced isolates. However, aflR and aflP did not give clear distinctions between non-toxin and toxin producing isolates. The deletion patterns were prominent for aflD and aflR whereas alfO, aflS and aflP had no deletions among the isolates. Significant variation in transcript abundance for aflD, aflR and aflS were observed for aflatoxigenic isolate KSM014 under induced and uninduced states. False detection of aflD gene transcript in atoxigenic strain KSM012 was evident in both induced and uninduced conditions. With the exception of KSM012, aflP gene did not exhibit significant variation in expression in the isolates between induced and uninduced conditions. One-way ANOVA and Post-test analysis for linear trends revealed that aflatoxin biosynthetic cluster genes show significant (P < 0.05) differences between atoxigenic and aflatoxigenic isolates. Our optimized qPCR-based tool reliably discriminated between aflatoxigenic and atoxigenic A. flavus isolates and could complement existing detection methods.

scholarly journals Trichothecene Genotypes of Fusarium graminearum Populations Isolated from Winter Wheat Crops in Serbia

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Slavica Stanković ◽  
Ana Obradović ◽  
Tanja Petrović ◽  
Violeta Mandić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
As Species ◽  
Species Specific

Fusarium graminearum as the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and its ability to produce trichothecenes was investigated by molecular techniques. A total of 37 strains isolated from the wheat, harvested in Serbia in 2005, 2008 and 2015, and previously designated by morphological observation as F. graminearum, were used for trichothecene genotypes characterization. The strains were identified using the species-specific primer set FG16R/FG16F while genotypic characterization was done using specific TRI13 and TRI3 sequences of the trichothecene gene clusters. The PCR assays identified all strains as species of F. graminearum sensu stricto with the DON/15-ADON genotype. The quantification of the mycotoxin (DON) was performed using the biochemical assay. The high levels of DON (>20,000 µg kg−1) were recorded in all of the strains from 2005, four strains from 2008 and two strains from 2015. Weather data of the investigated seasons, showed that the optimal temperature, frequent rains and high relative humidity (RH) was very favourable for the development of F. graminearum, affecting the DON biosynthesis.

scholarly journals B Chromosomes in Populations of Mammals Revisited

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Vujošević ◽  
Marija Rajičić ◽  
Jelena Blagojević
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
General View ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Host Parasite

The study of B chromosomes (Bs) started more than a century ago, while their presence in mammals dates since 1965. As the past two decades have seen huge progress in application of molecular techniques, we decided to throw a glance on new data on Bs in mammals and to review them. We listed 85 mammals with Bs that make 1.94% of karyotypically studied species. Contrary to general view, a typical B chromosome in mammals appears both as sub- or metacentric that is the same size as small chromosomes of standard complement. Both karyotypically stable and unstable species possess Bs. The presence of Bs in certain species influences the cell division, the degree of recombination, the development, a number of quantitative characteristics, the host-parasite interactions and their behaviour. There is at least some data on molecular structure of Bs recorded in nearly a quarter of species. Nevertheless, a more detailed molecular composition of Bs presently known for six mammalian species, confirms the presence of protein coding genes, and the transcriptional activity for some of them. Therefore, the idea that Bs are inert is outdated, but the role of Bs is yet to be determined. The maintenance of Bs is obviously not the same for all species, so the current models must be adapted while bearing in mind that Bs are not inactive as it was once thought.

scholarly journals Aromatic Polyketides from a Symbiotic Strain Aspergillus fumigatus D and Characterization of Their Biosynthetic Gene D8.t287

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Yi Hua ◽  
Rui Pan ◽  
Xuelian Bai ◽  
Bin Wei ◽  
Jianwei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Genomic Feature ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Aromatic Polyketides ◽  
Staphyloccocus Aureus ◽  
Coastal Plant

The chemical investigation of one symbiotic strain, Aspergillus fumigatus D, from the coastal plant Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl led to the isolation of eight compounds (1–8), which were respectively identified as rubrofusarin B (1), alternariol 9-O-methyl ether (2), fonsecinone D (3), asperpyrone A (4), asperpyrone D (5), fonsecinone B (6), fonsecinone A (7), and aurasperone A (8) by a combination of spectroscopic methods (1D NMR and ESI-MS) as well as by comparison with the literature data. An antimicrobial assay showed that these aromatic polyketides exhibited no remarkable inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, Staphyloccocus aureus and Candida albicans. The genomic feature of strain D was analyzed, as well as its biosynthetic gene clusters, using antibiotics and Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell 5.1.2 (antiSMASH). Plausible biosynthetic pathways for dimeric naphtho-γ-pyrones 3–8 were first proposed in this work. A non-reducing polyketide synthase (PKS) gene D8.t287 responsible for the biosynthesis of these aromatic polyketides 1–8 was identified and characterized by target gene knockout experiment and UPLC-MS analysis.

scholarly journals Vibrio gazogenes inhibits aflatoxin production through downregulation of aflatoxin biosynthetic genes in Aspergillus flavus

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam L. Kandel ◽  
Rubaiya Jesmin ◽  
Brian M. Mack ◽  
Rajtilak Majumdar ◽  
Matthew K. Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Aflatoxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Control Samples

Aspergillus flavus is an opportunistic pathogen of oilseed crops such as maize, peanut, cottonseed, and tree nuts and produces carcinogenic secondary metabolites known as aflatoxins during seed colonization. Aflatoxin contamination not only reduces the value of the produce but also is a health hazard to humans and animals. Previously, we observed inhibition of A. flavus aflatoxin biosynthesis upon exposure to the marine bacterium, Vibrio gazogenes (Vg). In this study, we used RNA sequencing to examine the transcriptional profiles of A. flavus treated with both live and heat-inactivated dead Vg and control samples. Fungal biomass, total accumulated aflatoxins, and expression profiles of genes constituting secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters were determined at 24, 30, and 40 h after treatment. Statistically significant reductions in total aflatoxins were detected in Vg-treated samples as compared to control samples at 40 h. But no statistical difference in fungal biomass was observed upon these treatments. The Vg treatments were most effective on aflatoxin biosynthesis as was reflected in significant downregulation of majority of the genes in the aflatoxin gene cluster including the aflatoxin pathway regulator gene, aflR. Along with aflatoxin genes, we also observed significant downregulation in some other secondary metabolite gene clusters including cyclopiazonic acid and aflavarin, suggesting that the treatment may inhibit other secondary metabolites as well. Finally, a weighted gene correlation network analysis identified an upregulation of ten genes that were most strongly associated with Vg-dependent aflatoxin inhibition and provide a novel start-point in understanding the mechanisms that result in this phenomenon.

scholarly journals عزل وتعريف واختبار كفاءة بعض الفطريات في تحلل الهيدروكربون من التربة الملوثة بالنفط

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
سعاد محمد خليفة أبوالغيث ◽  
أحلام القمودي محمد زعيط
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Malt Extract Agar ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Extract Agar

استهدفت هذه الدراسة عزل بعض أنواع الفطريات من التربة الملوثة بالهيدروكربون بمصفاة الزاوية لتكرير النفط، حيث تم عزل وتعريف بعض الفطريات مثل Rhizopus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans وأوضحت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن تواجد وتنوع فطر Aspergillus قد تفوق معنويا مقارنة بتواجد وتنوع فطرRhizopus. كما تم في هذه الدراسة اختبار قدرة وكفاءة الفطريات المعزولة على النمو واستغلال المركبات الهيدروكربونية المتمثلة في زيت الحمادة وزيت الشرارة بتركيز 1% و3%، حيث أوضحت النتائج بأن جنس Rhizopus سجل أعلى معدل للنمو على الوسط الغذائي Malt Extract Agar، وسجل كلا من فطر A. fumigatus وفطر A. flavus معدّل النمو القطري أعلى معنويا من النمو القطري لفطرA. niger  وفطر A. nidulans. هذه المعدّلات العالية تدل على إمكانية استخدام الفطريات المعزولة في المعالجة البيولوجية للتربة الملوّثة بالنفط.

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