scholarly journals Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV Prevalence and Related Sexual and Substance Use Risk Practices Among Key Populations Who Access HIV Prevention, Treatment and Related Services in South Africa: Findings from A Seven-City Cross-Sectional Survey (2017)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Scheibe ◽  
Katherine Young ◽  
Anna Versfeld ◽  
C Wendy Spearman ◽  
Mark Sonderup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Practices

Abstract Background: People who use drugs including people who inject drugs (PWUD/ID), sex workers (SWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for HIV and viral hepatitis infection. Limited data exists on the epidemiology of these infections among these key populations (KPs) in South Africa. We aimed to describe the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV and selected risk factors among these KPs to inform effective responses. Methods: We used convenience sampling to recruit a targeted 3 500 KPs accessing HIV-related health services across Cape Town (SWs, MSM, PWUD/ID), Durban (SWs, PWUD/ID), Pietermaritzburg (SWs), Mthatha (SWs), Port Elizabeth (SWs), Johannesburg (MSM) and Pretoria (MSM and PWUD/ID) into a cross-sectional survey. We used an interviewer administered questionnaire to assess socio-demographic characteristics, drug use and sexual risk practices. We tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV (antibody, viral load and genotype) and HIV antibody. We used descriptive statistics to explore data, which were stratified by KP. Results: Among the 3 439 people included in the study (1 528 SWs, 746 MSM, 1 165 PWUD/ID) the median age was 29 years, most participants were black African (60%), and 24% reported homelessness. 82% reported substance use in the last month, including alcohol (46%) and heroin (33%). 75% were sexually active in the previous month, with condom use at last sex at 74%. HIV prevalence was 37% (highest among SWs at 47%), HBsAg prevalence 4% (similar across KPs) and HCV prevalence was 16% (highest among PWUD/ID at 46%). Conclusions: HBV, HCV and HIV are major health threats for KPs in South Africa. While HIV is an important condition for all included KPs, HCV is of particular importance to PWUD/ID. For KPs, HBV vaccination and behaviour change interventions that support consistent condom and lubricant access and use are needed. Coverage of opioid substitution therapy and needle and syringe services, and access to HCV treatment for PWUD/ID need to be expanded.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV prevalence and related sexual and substance use risk practices among key populations who access HIV prevention, treatment and related services in South Africa: findings from a seven-city cross-sectional survey (2017)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Scheibe ◽  
Katherine Young ◽  
Anna Versfeld ◽  
C. Wendy Spearman ◽  
Mark W. Sonderup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Practices

Abstract Background People who use drugs including people who inject drugs (PWUD/ID), sex workers (SWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of HIV and viral hepatitis infection. Limited epidemiological data on the infections exists in key populations (KPs) in South Africa. We investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV and selected risk factors among these KPs to inform effective responses. Methods We used convenience sampling to recruit a targeted 3500 KPs accessing HIV-related health services across Cape Town (SWs, MSM, PWUD/ID), Durban (SWs, PWUD/ID), Pietermaritzburg (SWs), Mthatha (SWs), Port Elizabeth (SWs), Johannesburg (MSM) and Pretoria (MSM and PWUD/ID) into a cross-sectional survey. An interviewer questionnaire to assess socio-demographic characteristics, drug use and sexual risk practices, was administered. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg); HCV antibody, viral load and genotype, and HIV antibody, was tested. Results Among the 3439 people included in the study (1528 SWs, 746 MSM, 1165 PWUD/ID) the median age was 29 years, most participants were black African (60%), and 24% reported homelessness. 82% reported substance use in the last month, including alcohol (46%) and heroin (33%). 75% were sexually active in the previous month, with condom use at last sex at 74%. HIV prevalence was 37% (highest among SWs at 47%), HBsAg prevalence 4% (similar across KPs) and HCV prevalence was 16% (highest among PWUD/ID at 46%). Conclusions HBV, HCV and HIV pose a health burden for KPs in South Africa. While HIV is key for all included KPs, HCV is of particular importance to PWUD/ID. For KPs, HBV vaccination and behavioural change interventions that support consistent condom and lubricant access and use are needed. Coverage of opioid substitution therapy and needle and syringe services, and access to HCV treatment for PWUD/ID need to be expanded.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV prevalence and related sexual and substance use risk practices among key populations who access HIV prevention, treatment and related services in South Africa: findings from a seven-city cross-sectional survey (2017)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Scheibe ◽  
Katherine Young ◽  
Anna Versfeld ◽  
C Wendy Spearman ◽  
Mark Sonderup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Practices

Abstract Background: People who use drugs including people who inject drugs (PWUD/ID), sex workers (SWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk of HIV and viral hepatitis infection. Limited epidemiological data on the infections exists in key populations (KPs) in South Africa. We investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV and selected risk factors among these KPs to inform effective responses. Methods: We used convenience sampling to recruit a targeted 3 500 KPs accessing HIV-related health services across Cape Town (SWs, MSM, PWUD/ID), Durban (SWs, PWUD/ID), Pietermaritzburg (SWs), Mthatha (SWs), Port Elizabeth (SWs), Johannesburg (MSM) and Pretoria (MSM and PWUD/ID) into a cross-sectional survey. An interviewer questionnaire to assess socio-demographic characteristics, drug use and sexual risk practices, was administered. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg); HCV antibody, viral load and genotype, and HIV antibody, was tested. Results: Among the 3 439 people included in the study (1 528 SWs, 746 MSM, 1 165 PWUD/ID) the median age was 29 years, most participants were black African (60%), and 24% reported homelessness. 82% reported substance use in the last month, including alcohol (46%) and heroin (33%). 75% were sexually active in the previous month, with condom use at last sex at 74%. HIV prevalence was 37% (highest among SWs at 47%), HBsAg prevalence 4% (similar across KPs) and HCV prevalence was 16% (highest among PWUD/ID at 46%). Conclusions: HBV, HCV and HIV pose a health burden for KPs in South Africa. While HIV is key for all included KPs, HCV is of particular importance to PWUD/ID. For KPs, HBV vaccination and behavioural change interventions that support consistent condom and lubricant access and use are needed. Coverage of opioid substitution therapy and needle and syringe services, and access to HCV treatment for PWUD/ID need to be expanded.

Hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV prevalence and related risk practices among key populations in South Africa: findings from a seven-city cross-sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Scheibe ◽  
Katherine Young ◽  
Anna Versfeld ◽  
C Wendy Spearman ◽  
Mark Sonderup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Practices

Abstract Background: People who use drugs including people who inject drugs (PWUD/ID), sex workers (SWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for HIV and viral hepatitis infection. Limited data exists on the epidemiology of these infections among these key population groups (KPs) in South Africa. We aimed to describe the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and HIV and related risk factors among these KPs to inform effective responses. Methods: We aimed to recruit 3 500 KPs across Cape Town (SWs, MSM, PWUD/ID), Durban (SWs, PWUD/ID), Pietermaritzburg (SWs), Mthatha (SWs), Port Elizabeth (SWs), Johannesburg (MSM) and Pretoria (MSM and PWUD/ID) for participation in a cross-sectional survey. We used an interviewer administered questionnaire to assess socio-demographic characteristics, drug use and sexual risk practices. We tested for HCV (antibody, viral load and genotype), HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HIV antibody. We used descriptive statistics to explore data, which was stratified by KP. Results: Among the 3 439 included in the study (1 528 SWs, 746 MSM, 1 165 PWUD/ID) the median age was 29 years, most participants were black African (60%), and 24% reported homelessness. 82% reported substance use in the last month, including alcohol (46%) and heroin (33%). 75% were sexually active in the previous month, with condom use at last sex at 74%. HIV prevalence was 37% (highest among SWs at 47%), HBsAg prevalence 4% (similar across KPs) and HCV prevalence of 16% (highest among PWUD/ID at 46%). Conclusions: HCV, HBV and HIV are major health threats for KPs in South Africa. While HIV is an important condition for all included KPs, HCV is of particular importance to PWUD/ID. For KPs, HBV vaccination and behaviour change interventions that support consistent condom and lubricant access and use are needed. Coverage of opioid substitution therapy and needle and syringe services and access to HCV treatment for PWUD/ID need to be expanded.

scholarly journals Understanding hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV among people who inject drugs in South Africa: findings from a three-city cross-sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Scheibe ◽  
Katherine Young ◽  
Lorraine Moses ◽  
Rudolph L. Basson ◽  
Anna Versfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
People Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C markers in adolescents in Southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Gazzoni Scaraveli ◽  
Ana Maria Passos ◽  
Andréia Royer Voigt ◽  
Andréa do Livramento ◽  
Gabriela Tonial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunosorbant Assay ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The City

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers among adolescents aged between 10 and 16 years old, who are elementary school students in the city of Chapecó, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. The study involved a cross-sectional survey that included 418 volunteers, from March to July, 2008. Serology comprised HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs and anti-HCV. Tests were performed using automated Microparticle Enzyme Immunosorbant Assay (Abbott, AxSYM System, Wiesbaden, Germany). The prevalence of HBsAg was found to be 0.2% (95%CI: 0.0-1.3), and the prevalence of anti-HBc was found to be 1.4% (95%CI: 0.5-3.1). Regarding anti-HBs, 48.6% had titers greater than 10UI/L. None of the volunteers presented reactive results for anti-HCV. This study showed a low prevalence of HBV and HCV markers of infection and a great number of volunteers immunized against HBV. Finally this study shows the importance of proper health campaigns and policies in reducing those prevalences.

Prevalence of HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis-B, and Hepatitis-C among People with Injecting Drugs in Western Terai Highway districts, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Tarun Paudel ◽  
Bir Rawal ◽  
Keshab Deuba ◽  
Sampurna Kakchapati ◽  
Kapil Amgain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sexual Partner

 Introduction: HIV epidemic has become the major problems among people with injecting drugs (PWIDs) in Nepal. The study was carried out to assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS among PWIDs. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in male PWIDs of age more than 16 years residing in Western to Far West Terai Districts of Nepal who had been injecting drugs for three months prior to the date of the survey" March-April 2017. A two-stage cluster sampling was used to recruit 300 PWIDs from seven Districts. HIV was diagnosed by using standard techniques approved by WHO. Similarly, Syphilis was tested using the "Rapid Plasma Reagin" and Hepatitis C as well as Hepatitis B was tested by using rapid test kits. Demographic data were collected by using structured questionnaire and the data obtained were entered in MS excel was transformed into the SPSS version 21 for the descriptive as well as inferential analysis. Results: Prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, and STI among PWIDs were 5.3%, 2.7%, 23.7%, and 2.0% respectively. Majority of the PWIDs were literate (93.7%) and their age was below 35 years. Among the married PWIDs, 32.4% had got married before the age of 19. Similarly, 53.7% of them were living with their female sexual partner, and 95.0% were living with their wife. Ninety six percent of the respondents reported to be ever involved in sexual activity, 77.1% of them initiated the sexual intercourse before the age of 20 years and 41.9% of them had more than one female sexual partner. The survey indicated that 36.3% had been injecting drugs for more than 5 years while 27.7% had been injecting for last 2-5 years and 55.0% of the respondents had injected for the first time at the age of 16-24 years. About one in 10 respondents had started injecting drugs recently. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of HIV, HCV, HBV and active syphilis among the PWIDs. Co-infection of HIV and HCV as well as Hepatitis B and C were also prevalent among PWIDs. Comprehensive education and awareness program is required to reduce the prevalence.

HIV Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Men in South Africa 30 Years into the Epidemic: The Fifth Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawanda Makusha ◽  
Musawenkosi Mabaso ◽  
Sizulu Moyo ◽  
Nompumelelo Zungu ◽  
Khangelani Zuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

HIV prevalence and risk in long-distance truck drivers in South Africa: a national cross-sectional survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinead Delany-Moretlwe ◽  
Braimoh Bello ◽  
Peter Kinross ◽  
Monique Oliff ◽  
Matthew Chersich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Factors associated with HIV in younger and older adult men in South Africa: findings from a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e031667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaymarlin Govender ◽  
Sean Edward Beckett ◽  
Gavin George ◽  
Lara Lewis ◽  
Cherie Cawood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Younger Men

ObjectiveThis study investigated the behavioural, psychosocial and biological factors associated with HIV in a younger group of men (15 to 24 years) compared with an older group of men (25 to 35 years).DesignA household-based, cross-sectional study was conducted.SettingMen were randomly selected using a two-stage random sampling method in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, between June 2014 and June 2015.ParticipantsOverall, we interviewed 1472 younger men and 1138 older men. Only participants who could speak English or Zulu, were able to provide informed consent and who were expected to be living in the study area for the next 12 months were enrolled into the study.Primary and secondary outcomesHIV status was the primary outcome for the study. Men’s HIV status was derived from blood samples collected in the study which were tested for HIV antibodies.ResultsHIV prevalence was higher among older men (35.4%, 95% CI: 31.7 to 39.1) than younger men (7.6%, 95% CI: 6.2 to 9.4, p<0.01). Older men, who completed secondary school had a lower likelihood of being HIV positive (adjusted OR (AOR): 0.41, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.63, p<0.001) and those with greater food insecurity had a higher likelihood of being HIV positive (AOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.05 to 2.34, p=0.04). Younger men with a higher number of lifetime sexual partners had a higher likelihood of being HIV positive (AOR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.09, p=0.09).ConclusionGiven that the HIV prevalence is higher in the older men, community based interventions need to target older men for medical circumcision and support HIV positive men to improve their material conditions early. For younger men intervening to reduce HIV risk behaviours at a young age before these behaviours become entrenched should be central to HIV prevention programmes.

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