scholarly journals Evaluation of NaCl and MgCl2 heat exchange fluids in a deep binary geothermal system in a sedimentary halite formation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla R Moore ◽  
Hartmut M. Holländer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Production Well ◽  
Well Clogging ◽  
Geochemical Reactions ◽  
Saturated Formations ◽  
Inform Decision Making ◽  
High Heat Conductivity

Abstract Halite formations are attractive geothermal reservoirs due to their high heat conductivity, resulting in higher temperatures than other formations at similar depths. However, halite formations are highly reactive with undersaturated water. An understanding of the geochemical reactions that occur within a halite-saturated formations can inform decision making regarding well construction, prevention of well clogging, formation dissolution, and thermal short-circuiting. Numerical 1-D and 3-D flow and equilibrium reactive transport modeling were used to characterize the produced NaCl-brine in a well targeting a halite-saturated formation. The potential for inhibition of precipitation and dissolution using an MgCl2-brine and NaCl+MgCl2-brine were also investigated. Within the injection well, with heating from 60 to 120°C, the solubility of halite decreases resulting in the potential dissolution of 0.57 mol L-1 at the formation. Cooling from 120 to 100°C in the production well results in precipitation of 0.20 mol L-1 halite as well as anhydrite, brucite, carnallite, goergeyite, gypsum, halite, kieserite and polyhalite. Introduction of Mg2+ into the heat exchange brine resulted in a decreased potential for dissolution by 0.35 mol L-1 as the heat exchange fluid entered the formation and within the formation itself, as well as decreased precipitation within the production well, compared to the NaCl-brine. The NaCl-brine solubility was altered by changes in pressure up to 0.18 mol L-1. This indicates that designing and monitoring the composition of heat exchange fluids in highly saline environments is an important component in geothermal project design.

scholarly journals Evaluation of NaCl and MgCl2 heat exchange fluids in a deep binary geothermal system in a sedimentary halite formation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla R Moore ◽  
Hartmut M. Holländer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Saturated Formation ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Production Well ◽  
Well Clogging ◽  
Geochemical Reactions ◽  
Inform Decision Making ◽  
High Heat Conductivity

Abstract Halite formations are attractive geothermal reservoirs due to their high heat conductivity, resulting in higher temperatures than other formations at similar depths. However, halite formations are highly reactive with undersaturated water. An understanding of the geochemical reactions that occur within halite-saturated formation waters can inform decision making regarding well construction, prevention of well clogging, formation dissolution, and thermal short-circuiting. Batch reaction and numerical 3-D flow and equilibrium reactive transport modeling were used to characterize the produced NaCl-brine in a well targeting a halite-saturated formation. The potential for inhibition of precipitation and dissolution using an MgCl2-brine and NaCl+MgCl2-brine were also investigated. Within the injection well for an NaCl-brine, with heating from 70 to 120°C, the solubility of halite decreases resulting in the potential dissolution of 0.479 mol kg-1 halite at the formation. Cooling from 120 to 100°C in the production well results in precipitation of 0.196 mol kg-1 halite as well as anhydrite. Introduction of MgCl2, resulting in a common Cl- ion, into the heat exchange brine resulted in a decreased potential for dissolution by 0.290 mol kg-1 halite within the formation, as well as decreased precipitation within the production well, compared to the NaCl-brine. The halite solubility was altered by changes in pressure up to 0.045 mol kg-1. This indicates that designing and monitoring the composition of heat exchange fluids in highly saline environments is an important component in geothermal project design.

scholarly journals Evaluation of NaCl and MgCl2 heat exchange fluids in a deep binary geothermal system in a sedimentary halite formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla R. Moore ◽  
Hartmut M. Holländer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Saturated Formation ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Production Well ◽  
Well Clogging ◽  
Geochemical Reactions ◽  
Inform Decision Making ◽  
High Heat Conductivity

AbstractHalite formations are attractive geothermal reservoirs due to their high heat conductivity, resulting in higher temperatures than other formations at similar depths. However, halite formations are highly reactive with undersaturated water. An understanding of the geochemical reactions that occur within halite-saturated formation waters can inform decision making regarding well construction, prevention of well clogging, formation dissolution, and thermal short-circuiting. Batch reaction and numerical 3-D flow and equilibrium reactive transport modeling were used to characterize the produced NaCl-brine in a well targeting a halite-saturated formation. The potential for inhibition of precipitation and dissolution using an MgCl2-brine and NaCl + MgCl2-brine were also investigated. Within the injection well, heating of an NaCl-brine from 70 to 120 °C caused the solubility of halite to decrease, resulting in the potential dissolution of 0.479 mol kg−1 halite at the formation. Conversely, cooling from 120 to 100 °C in the production well resulted in potential precipitation of 0.196 mol kg−1 halite. Concurrent precipitation of anhydrite is also expected. Introduction of MgCl2  into the heat exchange brine, which has a common Cl− ion, resulted in a decreased potential for dissolution by 0.290 mol kg−1 halite within the formation, as well as decreased precipitation within the production well, compared to the NaCl-brine. The halite solubility was altered by changes in pressure up to 0.045 mol kg−1. This indicates that designing and monitoring the composition of heat exchange fluids in highly saline environments is an important component in geothermal project design.

scholarly journals Evaluation of NaCl and MgCl2 heat exchange fluids in a deep binary geothermal system in a sedimentary halite formation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla R Moore ◽  
Hartmut M. Holländer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Saturated Formation ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Production Well ◽  
Well Clogging ◽  
Geochemical Reactions ◽  
Inform Decision Making ◽  
High Heat Conductivity

Abstract Halite formations are attractive geothermal reservoirs due to their high heat conductivity, resulting in higher temperatures than other formations at similar depths. However, halite formations are highly reactive with undersaturated water. An understanding of the geochemical reactions that occur within halite-saturated formation waters can inform decision making regarding well construction, prevention of well clogging, formation dissolution, and thermal short-circuiting. Batch reaction and numerical 3-D flow and equilibrium reactive transport modeling were used to characterize the produced NaCl-brine in a well targeting a halite-saturated formation. The potential for inhibition of precipitation and dissolution using an MgCl 2 -brine and NaCl+MgCl 2 -brine were also investigated. Within the injection well, with heating from 70 to 120°C, the solubility of halite decreases resulting in the potential dissolution of 0.479 mol kg -1 at the formation. Cooling from 120 to 100°C in the production well results in precipitation of 0.196 mol kg -1 halite as well as anhydrite, brucite, carnallite, goergeyite, gypsum, halite, kieserite and polyhalite. Introduction of MgCl 2 , resulting in a common Cl - ion, into the heat exchange brine resulted in a decreased potential for dissolution by 0.290 mol kg -1 as the heat exchange fluid entered the formation and within the formation itself, as well as decreased precipitation within the production well, compared to the NaCl-brine. The halite solubility was altered by changes in pressure up to 0.045 mol kg -1 . This indicates that designing and monitoring the composition of heat exchange fluids in highly saline environments is an important component in geothermal project design.

A Numerical Investigation of Low Salinity Polymer Flooding Effects from a Geochemical Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Chaabi ◽  
Emad W. Al-Shalabi ◽  
Waleed Alameri
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
History Matching ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Related Effect ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Geochemical Reactions

Abstract Low salinity polymer (LSP) flooding is getting more attention due to its potential of enhancing both displacement and sweep efficiencies. Modeling LSP flooding is challenging due to the complicated physical processes and the sensitivity of polymers to brine salinity. In this study, a coupled numerical model has been implemented to allow investigating the polymer-brine-rock geochemical interactions associated with LSP flooding along with the flow dynamics. MRST was coupled with the geochemical software IPhreeqc. The effects of polymer were captured by considering Todd-Longstaff mixing model, inaccessible pore volume, permeability reduction, polymer adsorption as well as salinity and shear rate effects on polymer viscosity. Regarding geochemistry, the presence of polymer in the aqueous phase was considered by adding a new solution specie and related chemical reactions to PHREEQC database files. Thus, allowing for modeling the geochemical interactions related to the presence of polymer. Coupling the two simulators was successfully performed, verified, and validated through several case studies. The coupled MRST-IPhreeqc simulator allows for modeling a wide variety of geochemical reactions including aqueous, mineral precipitation/dissolution, and ion exchange reactions. Capturing these reactions allows for real time tracking of the aqueous phase salinity and its effect on polymer rheological properties. The coupled simulator was verified against PHREEQC for a realistic reactive transport scenario. Furthermore, the coupled simulator was validated through history matching a single-phase LSP coreflood from the literature. This paper provides an insight into the geochemical interactions between partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and aqueous solution chemistry (salinity and hardness), and their related effect on polymer viscosity. This work is also considered as a base for future two-phase polymer solution and oil interactions, and their related effect on oil recovery.

scholarly journals Casing setting depth and design of production well in water-dominated geothermal system with 330 °C reservoir temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 582-593
Author(s):  
B.T.H. Marbun ◽  
R.H. Ridwan ◽  
H.S. Nugraha ◽  
S.Z. Sinaga ◽  
B.A. Purbantanu
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal System ◽  
Production Well ◽  
Reservoir Temperature

A compositional formulation for multiphase multicomponent reactive transport modelling of highly coupled systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Seigneur ◽  
K. Ulrich Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Reactive Transport Modelling ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
Geochemical Reactions ◽  
Contaminant Hydrology

<p>In certain reactive transport applications, strong coupling between geochemical reactions and hydrodynamics exists. Dissolution and precipitation of minerals, such as the conversion between gypsum and anhydrite [1] or the precipitation of nesquehonite during CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration [2], as well as gas bubble formation [3] are geochemical processes which modify the multiphase flow dynamics, with direct feedback on reactive transport processes. In addition, heat generation induced by sulphide mineral oxidation can lead to significant increases in temperature [4], impacting flow, transport and geochemical reactions. In these instances, commonly used reactive transport modelling approaches, which rely on decoupling flow and reactive transport processes, have limitations. For density dependent or two-phase flow problems in the presence of a gas phase, the coupling between flow and reactive transport can be accounted for through a Picard iterative approach [3,5,6]. However, this approach is computationally expensive, involving the solution of nonlinear problems multiple times during each timestep, and convergence properties are often poor. More recently, a weak explicit coupling approach was developed to capture the impact of chemistry on flow by integrating water as a component and perform a volume balance calculation [7]. In the current work, a compositional approach is implemented into MIN3P-THCm, in which the flow variables (pressure, density) are expressed based on mass variables. Hence, this global implicit approach does not require solving the flow problem, but instead integrates groundwater flow processes directly into the reactive transport equations. We show that this approach yields very similar results to the commonly used approaches for single and two-phase flow. Finally, we show that, in highly coupled systems, not considering these coupled effects may lead to significant errors in simulating system evolution, highlighting the benefits of the newly developed approach.</p><p> </p><p>[1] Jowett, Cathles & Davis (1993). AAPG Bulletin, 77(3), 402-413.</p><p>[2] Harrison, Dipple, Power & Mayer (2015). Geochimica et cosmochimica Acta, 148, 477-495.</p><p>[3] Amos and Mayer (2006). Journal of contaminant hydrology, 87(1-2), 123-154.</p><p>[4] Lefebvre, Hockley, Smolensky & Gélinas (2001). Journal of contaminant hydrology, 52(1-4), 137-164.</p><p>[5] Henderson, Mayer, Parker, & Al (2009). Journal of contaminant hydrology, 106(3-4), 195-211.</p><p>[6] Sin, Lagneau and Corvisier (2017). Advances in Water Resources, 100, 62-77.</p><p>[7] Seigneur, Lagneau, Corvisier & Dauzères (2018). Advances in Water Resources 122, 355-366.</p>

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