scholarly journals Neurosensory Rehabilitation and Olfactory Network Recovery in COVID-19-related Olfactory Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Wai-Hin Chung ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Fergus Kai-Chuen Wong ◽  
Siddharth Srid ◽  
Kwok-Hung Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Oral Vitamin ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Network Recovery

Abstract BackgroundNon-conductive olfactory dysfunction (OD) is an important extra-pulmonary manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Prolonged COVID-19-related OD is a serious neurosensory disability. Treatment for the restoration of smell is urgently needed.Case presentationTwo patients presenting with prolonged COVID-19-related OD underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) brain scans. Two healthy controls were recruited for radiological comparison. One patient received olfactory treatment (OT) by the combination of oral vitamin A and smell training via the novel electronic portable aromatic rehabilitation (EPAR) diffusers. After four-weeks of OT, clinical recuperation of smell was correlated with interval increase of bilateral OB volumes [right: 22.5mm3 to 49.5mm3 (120%), left: 37.5mm3 to 42mm3 (12%)] and the enhancement of mean olfactory functional connectivity [0.09 to 0.15 (66.6%)]. ConclusionsOlfactory network functional defects and OB volume loss were identified in patients presenting with prolonged COVID-19-related OD. Preliminary evidence demonstrated that the combination of oral vitamin A and smell training may induce neurogenesis at the olfactory apparatus and achieve olfactory neurosensory rehabilitation. This observation should be validated in large scale randomized–controlled trials.

scholarly journals Neurosensory Rehabilitation and Olfactory Network Recovery in Covid-19-Related Olfactory Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Tom Wai-Hin Chung ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Fergus Kai-Chuen Wong ◽  
Siddharth Sridhar ◽  
Kwok-Hung Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Oral Vitamin ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestation ◽  
Network Recovery ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Non-conductive olfactory dysfunction (OD) is an important extra-pulmonary manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Olfactory bulb (OB) volume loss and olfactory network functional connectivity (FC) defects were identified in two patients suffering from prolonged COVID-19-related OD. One patient received olfactory treatment (OT) by the combination of oral vitamin A and smell training via the novel electronic portable aromatic rehabilitation (EPAR) diffusers. After four-weeks of OT, clinical recuperation of smell was correlated with interval increase of bilateral OB volumes [right: 22.5 mm3 to 49.5 mm3 (120%), left: 37.5 mm3 to 42 mm3 (12%)] and improvement of mean olfactory FC [0.09 to 0.15 (66.6%)].

Anticipatory Traumatic Reaction: Outcomes Arising From Secondary Exposure to Disasters and Large-Scale Threats

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1427-1443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya L. Hopwood ◽  
Nicola S. Schutte ◽  
Natasha M. Loi
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Repetitive Negative Thinking ◽  
Negative Thinking ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Media Reports

Two studies, with a total of 707 participants, developed and examined the reliability and validity of a measure for anticipatory traumatic reaction (ATR), a novel construct describing a form of distress that may occur in response to threat-related media reports and discussions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a scale comprising three subscales: feelings related to future threat; preparatory thoughts and actions; and disruption to daily activities. Internal consistency was .93 for the overall ATR scale. The ATR scale demonstrated convergent validity through associations with negative affect, depression, anxiety, stress, neuroticism, and repetitive negative thinking. The scale showed discriminant validity in relationships to Big Five characteristics. The ATR scale had some overlap with a measure of posttraumatic stress disorder, but also showed substantial separate variance. This research provides preliminary evidence for the novel construct of ATR as well as a measure of the construct. The ATR scale will allow researchers to further investigate anticipatory traumatic reaction in the fields of trauma, clinical practice, and social psychology.

Oral vitamin A for the treatment of chronic radiation proctopathy: A randomized, controlled trial

2003 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. A64
Author(s):  
Josh Levitsky ◽  
Eli D. Ehrenpreis ◽  
Ashesh B. Jani ◽  
Joseph Ahn ◽  
John J. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Oral Vitamin ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Chronic Radiation

scholarly journals Case Report: An immunocompromised, vaccine breakthrough COVID-19 patient with pneumonia

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Antonios Patrinos ◽  
Dimitris Komninos ◽  
Katerina Dimouli ◽  
Andreas Kartsonakis ◽  
Dimitris Serpanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The novel SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has inflicted a major blow on public health worldwide accounting for millions of deaths and subsequent socio-economic consequences. The main challenge for scientists and researchers has been to restrain transmission of the virus and prevent severe respiratory disease. Novel promising vaccines aim to fulfil these expectations, although new variants of the coronavirus have emerged. The present manuscript aims to add to the knowledge, through a case of an immunodeficient patient, who developed remarkably favorable recovery from SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia after having been fully vaccinated against the novel coronavirus. Case presentation: An 82-year-old Caucasian male with a history of metastatic pancreatic cancer was admitted with signs and symptoms of pneumonia. Workup revealed a positive SARS-CoV-2 real time – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and further investigation identified a B.1.1.7 variant. The imaging essays showed extensive lung disease. Interestingly, the patient had already received the second dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer) vaccine against the new coronavirus 16 days prior. After having been treated with appropriate antiviral and antibiotical agents the patient showed significantly favorable recovery and no need for high oxygen flows and no complications presented. The patient was discharged after six days of hospitalization in good condition, with no need for supplementary oxygen at home. Conclusions: Despite breakthrough cases, vaccination against COVID-19 is crucial for restraining  the novel coronavirus. Further studies should be carried out in order to determine the optimal strategies for large-scale vaccination while minimizing the risk of further and faster evolution of the virus.

Relationship between total plasma homocysteine and the risk of aneurysms – a meta-analysis

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hanji Zhang ◽  
Dexin Yin ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yezhou Li ◽  
Dejiang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Healthy Participants

Summary: Our meta-analysis focused on the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) level and the incidence of aneurysms and looked at the relationship between smoking, hypertension and aneurysms. A systematic literature search of Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase databases (up to March 31, 2020) resulted in the identification of 19 studies, including 2,629 aneurysm patients and 6,497 healthy participants. Combined analysis of the included studies showed that number of smoking, hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in aneurysm patients was higher than that in the control groups, and the total plasma Hcy level in aneurysm patients was also higher. These findings suggest that smoking, hypertension and HHcy may be risk factors for the development and progression of aneurysms. Although the heterogeneity of meta-analysis was significant, it was found that the heterogeneity might come from the difference between race and disease species through subgroup analysis. Large-scale randomized controlled studies of single species and single disease species are needed in the future to supplement the accuracy of the results.

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