Case Report: An immunocompromised, vaccine breakthrough COVID-19 patient with pneumonia

Background: The novel SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has inflicted a major blow on public health worldwide accounting for millions of deaths and subsequent socio-economic consequences. The main challenge for scientists and researchers has been to restrain transmission of the virus and prevent severe respiratory disease. Novel promising vaccines aim to fulfil these expectations, although new variants of the coronavirus have emerged. The present manuscript aims to add to the knowledge, through a case of an immunodeficient patient, who developed remarkably favorable recovery from SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia after having been fully vaccinated against the novel coronavirus. Case presentation: An 82-year-old Caucasian male with a history of metastatic pancreatic cancer was admitted with signs and symptoms of pneumonia. Workup revealed a positive SARS-CoV-2 real time – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and further investigation identified a B.1.1.7 variant. The imaging essays showed extensive lung disease. Interestingly, the patient had already received the second dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer) vaccine against the new coronavirus 16 days prior. After having been treated with appropriate antiviral and antibiotical agents the patient showed significantly favorable recovery and no need for high oxygen flows and no complications presented. The patient was discharged after six days of hospitalization in good condition, with no need for supplementary oxygen at home. Conclusions: Despite breakthrough cases, vaccination against COVID-19 is crucial for restraining the novel coronavirus. Further studies should be carried out in order to determine the optimal strategies for large-scale vaccination while minimizing the risk of further and faster evolution of the virus.

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Acute motor-sensory axonal polyneuropathy variant of Guillain–Barre syndrome complicating the recovery phase of coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a case report

Journal of Medical Case Reports ◽

10.1186/s13256-021-02988-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Maseh Haidary ◽

Sarah Noor ◽

Esmatullah Hamed ◽

Tawab Baryali ◽

Soma Rahmani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recovery Phase ◽

Sudden Onset ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽

The Novel ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Progressive Muscle Weakness ◽

Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Guillain Barré

Abstract Introduction The novel coronavirus, since its first identification in China, in December 2019, has shown remarkable heterogeneity in its clinical behavior. It has affected humans on every continent. Clinically, it has affected every organ system. The outcome has also been variable, with most of the older patients showing grave outcomes as compared with the younger individuals. Here we present a rare and severe variant of Guillain–Barre syndrome that complicated the disease in recovery phase. Case presentation A 60-year-old Afghan man, who had been recovering from symptoms related to novel coronavirus associated disease, presented with sudden onset of progressive muscle weakness and oxygen desaturation. Electrophysiological workup confirmed the diagnosis of Guillain–Barre syndrome, and early institution of intravenous immunoglobulin resulted in complete resolution. Conclusion Guillain–Barre syndrome has recently been reported in many patients diagnosed with novel coronavirus associated disease. While clinical suspicion is mandatory to guide towards an effective diagnostic workup, early diagnosis of this complication and timely institution of therapeutic interventions are indispensable and lifesaving.

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Multi-Objective Optimization of Integrated Civilian-Military Scheduling of Medical Supplies for Epidemic Prevention and Control

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9020126 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

Hai-Feng Ling ◽

Zheng-Lian Su ◽

Xun-Lin Jiang ◽

Yu-Jun Zheng

Keyword(s):

Prevention And Control ◽

Large Scale ◽

Medical Services ◽

The Novel ◽

Multi Objective ◽

Medical Supplies ◽

Problem Instances ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

And Control ◽

Minimum Ratio

In a large-scale epidemic, such as the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), there is huge demand for a variety of medical supplies, such as medical masks, ventilators, and sickbeds. Resources from civilian medical services are often not sufficient for fully satisfying all of these demands. Resources from military medical services, which are normally reserved for military use, can be an effective supplement to these demands. In this paper, we formulate a problem of integrated civilian-military scheduling of medical supplies for epidemic prevention and control, the aim of which is to simultaneously maximize the overall satisfaction rate of the medical supplies and minimize the total scheduling cost, while keeping a minimum ratio of medical supplies reservation for military use. We propose a multi-objective water wave optimization (WWO) algorithm in order to efficiently solve this problem. Computational results on a set of problem instances constructed based on real COVID-19 data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Respiratory Care in Corona

Psychology and Education Journal ◽

10.17762/pae.v58i2.1890 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 613-620

Author(s):

Mustafa Amdani, Dr. Swaroopa Chakole

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Human Life ◽

The Body ◽

Respiratory Care ◽

The Novel ◽

Specific Therapy ◽

History Of ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Almost All ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND The expanse of the coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 is huge. The impact is multispectral and affected almost all aspects of human life. SUMMARY Respiratory impact of the COVID-19 is the most felt and widely reported impact. As the novel coronavirus maintained its history of affecting lungs as seen previously in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak. Ventilators and oxygen support system are required mostly in comorbid patients particularly amongpatientsbearing illnesses like asthma, bronchial impairment and so on. CONCLUSION More study needs to be done in order to assess the impact on the respiratory functioning of the body. Respiratory care must be including proper instruments so that more efficient result can be obtained. Research is needed to promote the invention of specific therapy for targeted action for respiratory functioning improvement.

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The Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): A Narrative Review

International Journal of Coronaviruses ◽

10.14302/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-20-3373 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 15-52

Author(s):

Baratali Rezapour ◽

Sayed Jalil Musavi ◽

Faezeh Shirzadeh Maleki

Keyword(s):

Food Chain ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Zoonotic Diseases ◽

The Body ◽

Behavioral Characteristics ◽

The Novel ◽

Ecological Characteristics ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Key Steps

One of the key steps in determining how to prevent the viral disease is to identify the virus. The virus lives in different ways and in different environments. It lives in the air, in the sea, on plants, animals and objects and humans. Some people put humans on the path of developing zoonotic diseases that are specific to animals but also involve people with unhealthy behaviors. In the food chain, each animal is hunted by other animals and feeds on other animals or plants and other objects. Bacteriophages are viruses that kill bacteria. And there are creatures that kill viruses and this is the biological struggle with viruses. When the virus enters the body, it performs a series of activities that lead to a series of symptoms in the patient. These symptoms include the behavior of viruses. These are among the ecological and behavioral characteristics of viruses that need to be fully understood in order to limit viruses and deal with epidemics and pandemics. In this study, we try to reach a conclusion by reviewing the articles that have information about the behavioral (signs and symptoms) and ecological characteristics of viruses and use these findings in order to combat viruses.

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Legal and Economic Consequences of Russia's Expansionary Policy

10.4018/978-1-7998-8911-3.ch015 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 243-256

Author(s):

Giga Abuseridze ◽

Janis Grasis

Keyword(s):

Black Sea ◽

Large Scale ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Legal Analysis ◽

Military Interventions ◽

Black Sea Region ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

The Russian Federation

In the recent history of the world, especially in the last two decades, large-scale military actions by Russia and Russian intervention have attracted wide international attention. Russia's increasingly confrontational stance has been manifested in military interventions in Georgia (2008) and in Ukraine (2014). The occupation/annexation of the territories of Georgia and Ukraine by the Russian Federation is a gross violation of the principle of sovereignty and territorial integrity of a country, as well as of the norms and principles of international law, that have significantly changed the international order established between the states and called into question the security of the Black Sea region and Europe as a whole. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a legal analysis of Russia's aggressive policy and the economic consequences of Ukraine and Georgia as aggrieved parties.

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Subacute Thyroiditis from COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Review of Literature

European Thyroid Journal ◽

10.1159/000511872 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Akshay Khatri ◽

Esti Charlap ◽

Angela Kim

Keyword(s):

Clinical Features ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Subacute Thyroiditis ◽

The Novel ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Successful Management ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Radiologic Findings ◽

History Of

Introduction: The novel severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has led to the ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease pandemic. There are increasing reports of extrapulmonary clinical features of COVID-19, either as initial presentations or sequelae of disease. We report a patient diagnosed with subacute thyroiditis precipitated by COVID-19 infection, as well as review the literature of similar cases. Case Presentation: A 41-year-old female with no significant personal or family history of endocrinologic disorders presented with clinical features of thyroiditis that began after COVID-19 infection. Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings were indicative of subacute thyroiditis. Workup for potential triggers other than SARS-CoV-2 was negative. Discussion/Conclusion: We compared the clinical and diagnostic findings of our patient with other well-documented cases of subacute thyroiditis presumed to be triggered by SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. We also reviewed the literature related to the potential mechanisms leading to thyroiditis. Clinicians must be aware of the possibility of thyroid dysfunction after COVID-19 infection. Early recognition and timely anti-inflammatory therapy help in successful management.

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Pooling of samples to optimize SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis by RT-qPCR: comparative analysis of two protocols.

10.1101/2020.08.24.20181008 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fabiana Volpato ◽

Daiana Lima-Morales ◽

Priscila Lamb Wink ◽

Julia Willig ◽

Fernanda de-Paris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Diagnostic Yield ◽

Rna Extraction ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

The Novel ◽

Positive Individual ◽

Sample Pooling ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Individual ◽

Pooled Samples

RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 is the main diagnostic test used to identify the novel coronavirus. Several countries have used large scale SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR testing as one of the important strategies for combating the pandemic. In order to process the massive needs for coronavirus testing, the usual throughput of routine clinical laboratories has reached and often surpassed its limits and new approaches to cope with this challenge must be developed. This study has aimed to evaluate the use pool of samples as a strategy to optimize the diagnostic of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR in a general population. A total of 220 naso/orofaryngeal swab samples were collected and tested using two different protocols of sample pooling. In the first protocol (Protocol A); 10 clinical samples were pooled before RNA extraction. The second protocol (Protocol B) consisted of pooling the already extracted RNAs from 10 individual samples. Results from Protocol A were identical (100% agreement) with the individual results. However, for results from Protocol B, reduced agreement (91%) was observed in relation to results obtained by individual testing. Inconsistencies observed were related to RT-qPCR results with higher Cycle Thresholds (Ct > 32.73). Furthermore, in pools containing more than one positive individual, the Ct of the pool was equivalent to the lowest Ct among the individual results. These results provide additional evidence in favor of the clinical use of pooled samples for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis by RT-qPCR and suggest that pooling of samples before RNA extraction is preferrable in terms of diagnostic yield.

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Understanding the Anticontagion Process and Reopening of China during COVID-19 via Coevolution Network of Epidemic and Awareness

Complexity ◽

10.1155/2021/6623427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Lingbo Li ◽

Ying Fan ◽

An Zeng ◽

Zengru Di

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

The Novel ◽

Large Scale Data ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Human Movements ◽

Simulation Based ◽

The World ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Prevention Methods ◽

The Impact

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is intensifying all over the world, but some countries, including China, have developed extensive and successful experience in controlling this pandemic. In this context, some questions arise naturally: What can countries caught up in the epidemic learn from China’s experience? In regions where the outbreak is under control, what would lead to a resurgence of the epidemic? To address these issues, we investigate China’s experience in anticontagion interventions and reopening process, focusing on the coevolution of epidemic and awareness during COVID-19 outbreak. Through an empirical analysis based on large-scale data and simulation based on a metapopulation and multilayer network model, we ascertain the impact of human movements and awareness diffusion on the epidemic, elucidate the inherent patterns and effective interventions of different epidemic prevention methods, and highlight the crunch time of each measure. The results are also employed to analyze COVID-19 evolution in other countries so as to find unified rules in complex situations around the world and provide advice on anticontagion and reopening policies. Our findings explain some key mechanisms of epidemic prevention and may help the epidemic analysis and decision-making in various countries suffering from COVID-19.

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The history of the F. Erisman Institute of Public Health and its directions of activity during the COVID-19 pandemic

National Health Care (Russia) ◽

10.47093/2713-069x.2021.2.1.41-50 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 41-50

Author(s):

N. I. Briko ◽

A. Ya. Mindlina ◽

R. V. Polibin ◽

P. D. Lopukhov

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Preventive Medicine ◽

Research Work ◽

Community Research ◽

Medical Institute ◽

The Novel ◽

Current State ◽

History Of ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Public Health Epidemiology

In 2020, exactly 90 years have passed since the first sanitary faculty in the history of medical education (F. ErismannInstitute of Public Health, nowadays) was found in the 1st Moscow Medical Institute (Sechenov University, nowadays).The history of the faculty unites the names of prominent scientists in the field of preventive medicine: F. Erismann, N.A. Semashko, A.V. Molkov, A.N. Sysin, E.M. Tareev and many, many others. New challenges to public health continueto appear in our time. The direction of “preventive medicine” has become more important than ever in the context of a pandemic of infection caused by the novel coronavirus (COronaVIrus Disease-19, COVID-19). The issues of epidemiologyand hygiene have become extremely relevant for doctors of any profile, not only for preventive ones (epidemiologists and hygienists). The strategic task today is to increase the “preventive medicine” specialty’s authority. It is also important to preserve and enhance the domestic experience of studying the disciplines of preventive medicine, harmonizing the content of educational programs with the world community. Research work at the Institute is carried out in 4 main areas of preventive medicine and public health: epidemiology, public health, microbiology, and hygiene.This review presents the main historical milestones in the development of teaching the specialty “preventive medicine” at the Sechenov University, the current state, and prospects for further development.

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Who Should Get Vaccinated First? An effective Network Information-driven Priority Vaccination Strategy

10.21203/rs.3.rs-590770/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dong Liu ◽

Chi Kong Tse ◽

Rosa H. M. Chan ◽

Choujun Zhan

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Early Stage ◽

Vaccination Strategy ◽

Cumulative Number ◽

The Novel ◽

Vaccination Programs ◽

Network Information ◽

Network Properties ◽

Effective Network ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Approval of emergency use of the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in many countries has brought hope to ending the COVID-19 pandemic sooner. Considering the limited vaccine supply in the early stage of COVID-19 vaccination programs in most countries, a highly relevant question to ask is: who should get vaccinated first? In this article we propose a network information- driven vaccination strategy where a small number of people in a network (population) are categorized, according to a few key network properties, into priority groups. Using a network-based SEIR model for simulating the pandemic progression, the network information-driven vaccination strategy is compared with a random vaccination strategy. Results for both large-scale synthesized networks and real social networks have demonstrated that the network information-driven vaccination strategy can significantly reduce the cumulative number of infected individuals and lead to a more rapid containment of the pandemic. The results provide insight for policymakers in designing an effective early-stage vaccination plan.

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