End-stage knee osteoarthritis with and without sarcopenia – and the effect of knee arthroplasty
Abstract Background Sarcopenia often accompanies osteoarthritis but the relationship between them is still unclear and no strong consensus can be reached. Previous studies revealed that OA in the hip or knee is associated with declines in muscle mass and strength. This study aims to examine the status of sarcopenia in individuals with symptomatic end-stage OA of the knee, the effect of this condition on their peri-operative TKA rehabilitation and functional outcome. Methods This prospective study was conducted between 2015 to 2018 at our hospital. Patients with end-stage osteoarthritis of the knee on queue for total knee arthroplasty were recruited into the study. Primary outcome measures were DEXA in lean muscle mass, muscle strength, knee motion and function. Secondary outcomes measures were Quality of Life (QOL) measurements in pain, psychological and physical health. Results Fifty-eight patients were recruited, of which 79.3% were female and 32.8% already had sarcopenia at baseline. The average age of sarcopenic subjects and non-sarcopenic subjects were comparable (67.89±7.07 vs. 67.92±6.85; p=0.99) but sarcopenic subjects tend to have lower BMI (25.64±2.64 vs. 28.57±4.04; p=0.01). There was a statistically significant improvement in walking speed and range of movement in both sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients after TKA (p<0.01). This was accompanied by an improvement trend in muscle mass in all subjects. A sarcopenic female that were overweight or obese had statistically significant improvement in both Appendage Lean Mass Index and Lean Mass Index after total knee arthroplasties in 12 months (p=0.04). There was no change in handgrip power before and after TKA and subsequent follow-up (p=0.97). Quality of life measured with WOMAC, SF12v2 and IPAQ revealed progressive significant improvement (p≤0.01). Further analysis at the IPAQ also found increased engagement of high-intensity activities. Conclusions To conclude, our study showed that sarcopenia among patients with end-stage OA of the knee is not uncommon. The mechanical mal-alignment and degenerative process in OA of the knee can be corrected with TKA. However, the rehabilitation and recovery in the elderly population may never fully recover. Further studies focusing on this group of patient and employment of multimodal therapy with a supervised exercise program is warranted.