scholarly journals Reference Ranges for Respiratory Ciliary Function for Chinese Children May Not Be Extrapolated From European Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
So-Lun LEE ◽  
Christopher O'Callaghan ◽  
Yu-Lung Lau ◽  
Chun-Wai Davy Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Ciliary Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Beat Pattern ◽  
Healthy Chinese

Abstract Background:To aid in the diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) and to evaluate the respiratory epithelium in respiratory disease, normal age related reference ranges are needed for ciliary beat frequency (CBF), beat pattern and ultrastructure. These reference data are not available for Asian or Chinese children. Our aim was to establish reference ranges for healthy Chinese children.Methods:Ciliated epithelial samples were obtained from 135 health Chinese children aged below 18 years by brushing the inferior nasal turbinate. CBF and beat pattern were analysedfrom high speed video recordings. Epithelial integrity and ciliary ultrastructure were assessed using transmission electronic microscopy. Results:The mean CBF from 135 children studied was 10.1 Hz (95% CI 9.8 to 10.4). Approximately 20% (ranged 18.0-24.2 %) of ciliated epithelial edges were found to have areas of dyskinetically beating cilia. Normal beat pattern was observed in ciliated epithelium from all subjects. We did not find any effect of exposure to second hand smoke on CBF in our subjects. Microtubular defects were found in 9.3% of all of the cilia counted in these children while other ciliary ultrastructural defects were found in less than 3%.Conclusions: We established the reference range for CBF, beat pattern and ultrastructure in healthy Chinese children. Using similar methodology, we found a lower overall mean CBF than previously obtained European values. This study highlights the need to establish normative data for ciliary function in different populations.

scholarly journals Functional analysis and evaluation of respiratory cilia in healthy Chinese children

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
So-Lun Lee ◽  
Christopher O’Callaghan ◽  
Yu-Lung Lau ◽  
Chun-Wai Davy Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Beat Pattern ◽  
European Values ◽  
Healthy Chinese

Abstract Background To aid in the diagnosis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) and to evaluate the respiratory epithelium in respiratory disease, normal age-related reference ranges are needed for ciliary beat frequency (CBF), beat pattern and ultrastructure. Our aim was to establish reference ranges for healthy Chinese children. Methods Ciliated epithelial samples were obtained from 135 healthy Chinese children aged below 18 years by brushing the inferior nasal turbinate. CBF and beat pattern were analysed from high speed video recordings. Epithelial integrity and ciliary ultrastructure were assessed using transmission electronic microscopy. Results The mean CBF from 135 children studied was 10.1 Hz (95% CI 9.8 to 10.4). Approximately 20% (ranged 18.0–24.2%) of ciliated epithelial edges were found to have areas of dyskinetically beating cilia. Normal beat pattern was observed in ciliated epithelium from all subjects. We did not find any effect of exposure to second hand smoke on CBF in our subjects. Microtubular defects were found in 9.3% of all of the cilia counted in these children, while other ciliary ultrastructural defects were found in less than 3%. Conclusions We established the reference range for CBF, beat pattern and ultrastructure in healthy Chinese children. Using similar methodology, we found a lower overall mean CBF than previously obtained European values. This study highlights the need to establish normative data for ciliary function in different populations.

scholarly journals Ciliary function of the nose in patients with Osler`s disease and the effect of topically applied estrogens as a nose ointment

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-412
Author(s):  
J.U. Sommer ◽  
B.A. Stuck ◽  
C. Heiser ◽  
S.S. Kassner ◽  
K. Hormann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mucus Clearance ◽  
Ciliary Function ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Ciliary Beat

Background: In recent years, the positive effect of topically applied estriol nose ointment in the adjuvant therapy of Morbus-Rendu-Osler (HHT) has been proven. Due to the induced metaplasia, a complete destruction of the ciliated cells may be expected. However, data regarding the ciliary function of HHT patients with and without the use of topical estriol application are currently lacking. Methodology/principal: Ciliated samples were obtained by gently brushing the inferior nasal turbinate of 19 healthy volunteers and 15 patients with known HHT (8 of them regularly using 0.1% estriol nose ointment for 2 years (HHTwE) and 7 of them not using the ointment in the last 12 months (HHTwoE)). Analysis was done with an inverted phase contrast microscope connected to a high-speed digital camera. Recorded parameters were the visual integrity (VI) of the ciliary beat and its frequency (CBF) in Hz. Results: The VI index of all samples showed an undisrupted, even beating pattern with a difference between the three groups. The mean CBF in all HHT patients was reduced compared to the control group`s mean CBF. Within the HHT group itself, the mean CBF was reduced in the HHTwE group compared to the HHTwoE group. Conclusions: The ciliary beat frequency of HHT patients is impaired compared to the control group and even more so if the HHT patients topically apply estriol more than 6 months. An undisrupted beating pattern is found in the HHTwE group despite the fact that estrogens induce a transformation of the ciliated columnar into a keratinizing squamous epithelium. This data may justify the adjuvant application of estriol as a nose ointment in the treatment of epistaxis in HHT patients without the fear of damage to the nose`s mucus clearance.

Ciliary function and sinonasal mucosal cytology in pediatric patients with chronic rhinosinusitis during a year after functional endoscopic sinus surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
S. Alekseenko ◽  
S. Karpischenko ◽  
S. Artyushkin ◽  
S. Barashkova ◽  
I. Anikin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Cell Height ◽  
Ciliary Function

Background: The objective of the study is evaluation of ciliary function and mucosal cytology after endoscopic sinus surgery in children with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methodology: A total of 132 children with CRS who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery, as well as 15 healthy controls were involved in the study. In this follow-up study patients were examined preoperatively, as well as 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after endoscopic sinus surgery. Assessment of ciliary function and sinonasal mucosal cytology was performed using high-speed videomicroscopy. Lund-Kennedy, Lund-Mackay, and sinonasal outcome test 20 (SNOT20) scores were also evaluated. Results: Total SNOT-20, Lund-Mackay, and Lund-Kennedy values significantly decreased after sinus surgery. In contrast, ciliary function and mucosal cytology only tended to improve after 6 months. 9 months after surgery the number of ciliated cells, ciliary beat frequency, cell viability, and ciliary length were significantly higher than preoperatively. The most significant improvement of ciliary function and cell height was observed 12 months after operation, whereas epithelial dystrophy and neutrophil infiltration were significantly reduced. Conclusions: Substantial improvement was observed only in a year after surgery, whereas 0 to 3 months after the surgery ciliary function was severely impaired thus predisposing to recurrent sinusitis or other complications.

Betadine has a ciliotoxic effect on ciliated human respiratory cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (S1) ◽  
pp. S45-S50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Kim ◽  
J Rimmer ◽  
N Mrad ◽  
S Ahmadzada ◽  
R J Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Clinical Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sinonasal Mucosa ◽  
Ciliary Beat

AbstractObjective:This study investigated the effect of Betadine on ciliated human respiratory epithelial cells.Methods:Epithelial cells from human sinonasal mucosa were cultured at the air–liquid interface. The cultures were tested with Hanks' balanced salt solution containing 10 mM HEPES (control), 100 µM ATP (positive control), 5 per cent Betadine or 10 per cent Betadine (clinical dose). Ciliary beat frequency was analysed using a high-speed camera on a computer imaging system.Results:Undiluted 10 per cent Betadine (n = 6) decreased the proportion of actively beating cilia over 1 minute (p < 0.01). Ciliary beat frequency decreased from 11.15 ± 4.64 Hz to no detectable activity. The result was similar with 5 per cent Betadine (n = 7), with no significant difference compared with the 10 per cent solution findings.Conclusion:Betadine, at either 5 and 10 per cent, was ciliotoxic. Caution should be applied to the use of topical Betadine solution on the respiratory mucosal surface.

scholarly journals Deep phenotyping, including quantitative ciliary beating parameters, and extensive genotyping in primary ciliary dyskinesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Blanchon ◽  
Marie Legendre ◽  
Mathieu Bottier ◽  
Aline Tamalet ◽  
Guy Montantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Central Complex ◽  
Ciliary Beating ◽  
Recovery Stroke ◽  
Biallelic Mutations ◽  
Ciliary Dyskinesia

BackgroundPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder resulting in abnormal ciliary motility/structure, extremely heterogeneous at genetic and ultrastructural levels. We aimed, in light of extensive genotyping, to identify specific and quantitative ciliary beating anomalies, according to the ultrastructural phenotype.MethodsWe prospectively included 75 patients with PCD exhibiting the main five ultrastructural phenotypes (n=15/group), screened all corresponding PCD genes and measured quantitative beating parameters by high-speed video-microscopy (HSV).ResultsSixty-eight (91%) patients carried biallelic mutations. Combined outer/inner dynein arms (ODA/IDA) defect induces total ciliary immotility, regardless of the gene involved. ODA defect induces a residual beating with dramatically low ciliary beat frequency (CBF) related to increased recovery stroke and pause durations, especially in case of DNAI1 mutations. IDA defect with microtubular disorganisation induces a low percentage of beating cilia with decreased beating angle and, in case of CCDC39 mutations, a relatively conserved mean CBF with a high maximal CBF. Central complex defect induces nearly normal beating parameters, regardless of the gene involved, and a gyrating motion in a minority of ciliated edges, especially in case of RSPH1 mutations. PCD with normal ultrastructure exhibits heterogeneous HSV values, but mostly an increased CBF with an extremely high maximal CBF.ConclusionQuantitative HSV analysis in PCD objectives beating anomalies associated with specific ciliary ultrastructures and genotypes. It represents a promising approach to guide the molecular analyses towards the best candidate gene(s) to be analysed or to assess the pathogenicity of the numerous sequence variants identified by next-generation-sequencing.

Altered Sinonasal Ciliary Dynamics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Chen ◽  
Jeffrey Shaari ◽  
Steven Eau Claire ◽  
James N. Palmer ◽  
Alexander G. Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Mucus Clearance ◽  
Persistent Inflammation

Background Although multiple etiologies contribute to the development of rhinosinusitis, a common pathophysiological sequelae is ineffective sinonasal mucociliary clearance, resulting in stasis of sinonasal secretions, with subsequent infection, and persistent inflammation. The respiratory cilia beat continually at a basal rate, while during times of stress, such as exercise or infection, ciliary beat frequency (CBF) increases, accelerating mucus clearance. Previous investigations have led to conflicting results with some authors reporting decreased CBF while others have found normal values of CBF in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Additionally, these studies have only analyzed basal CBF. The goal of this study was to compare the basal as well as the stimulated sinonasal CBF in patients with CRS versus controls. Methods A dual temperature controlled perfusion chamber, differential interference contrast microscopy, and high-speed digital video were used to analyze both basal and adenosine triphosphate (100 μM)–stimulated CBF in human sinonasal mucosal explants. Results Although no difference in basal CBF was detected between control and CRS patients, a marked difference in stimulated CBF was noted. Exogenously applied adenosine triphosphate resulted in a 50–70% increase of CBF in control tissue with a minimally observed CBF increase in explants from CRS patients. Conclusion Dynamic regulation of respiratory ciliary activity is critical for the respiratory epithelium to adapt to varying environmental situations. Thus, diminished or absent adaptation could predispose the sinonasal cavity to accumulation of inhaled infectious and noxious particulate matter resulting in infection/inflammation. Our findings suggest that CRS patients have decreased sinonasal ciliary adaptation to environmental stimuli.

Cryopreservation of Human Nasal Ciliated Epithelium

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Thomas V. McCaffrey ◽  
Eugene B. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Slow Freezing ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Ciliary Function ◽  
Nasal Cilia ◽  
Fast Freezing

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects on human nasal cilia of various freezing and thawing methods in order to determine a reliable method of cryopreservation. Ten samples each were preserved by a slow freezing and a fast freezing method. All samples were stored in liquid nitrogen (–196°C) for 1 week. The frozen samples were thawed by one of two methods: 1) rapid thawing—37°C water bath for 3–4 minutes; and 2) slow thawing—room temperature for 15 minutes. Prefreeze and postthaw ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was measured. The slow freezing and fast thawing method (SFFT) resulted in the best viability. An additional 10 samples preserved using the SFFT method stored at –70°C to –90°C did not retain ciliary function. Thirty ciliated samples preserved by the SFFT method were examined after freezing in liquid nitrogen (–196°C) for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month. There was no significant decrease in CBF after cryopreservation at –196°C for 1 week or 2 weeks (P> 0.05). As the storage time increased to 1 month, postthaw CBF decreased 7.25 ± 0.87% when compared to the prefreeze CBF (P < 0.05). We conclude that human nasal cilia preserved by SFFT at –196°C retain activity for up to 1 month.

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