Bio-Inspired Spatially Variant Photonic Crystals for Beam-Steering Applications

Abstract The self-collimation of light through Photonic Crystals (PCs) due to their optical properties and through a special geometric structure offers a new form of beam steering with highly optical control capabilities for a range of different applications. The objective of this work is to understand self-collimation and bending of light beams through Spatially Variant Photonic Crystals (SVPCs) made from dielectric materials such as silicon dioxide as well as common polymers used in three-dimensional printing like SU-8. These PCs can be used for optical communications, multiplexing, and beam-tuning devices for light detection and ranging applications. In this paper we show the optical properties and potential applications of two different SVPC designs that can control light through a 90-degree bend and optical logic gates. These two-dimensional SVPC designs were optimized for operation in the near-infrared range of approximately 800–1000 nm for the 90-degree bend and 700-100nm for the optical logic gate. These SVPCs were shown to provide high transmission through desired regions with low reflection and absorption of light to prove the potential benefits of these structures for future optical systems.

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Bio-inspired spatially variant photonic crystals for self-collimation and beam-steering applications in the near-infrared spectrum

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97608-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rudra Gnawali ◽

Andrew Volk ◽

Imad Agha ◽

Tamara E. Payne ◽

Amit Rai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Photonic Crystals ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Beam Steering ◽

Logic Gate ◽

Logic Gates ◽

Dielectric Materials ◽

Optical Systems ◽

Optical Logic ◽

Spatially Variant

AbstractThe self-collimation of light through Photonic Crystals (PCs) due to their optical properties and through a special geometric structure offers a new form of beam steering with highly optical control capabilities for a range of different applications. The objective of this work is to understand self-collimation and bending of light beams through bio-inspired Spatially Variant Photonic Crystals (SVPCs) made from dielectric materials such as silicon dioxide and common polymers used in three-dimensional printing like SU-8. Based upon natural PCs found in animals such as butterflies and fish, the PCs developed in this work can be used to manipulate different wavelengths of light for optical communications, multiplexing, and beam-tuning devices for light detection and ranging applications. In this paper, we show the optical properties and potential applications of two different SVPC designs that can control light through a 90-degree bend and optical logic gates. These two-dimensional SVPC designs were optimized for operation in the near-infrared range of approximately 800–1000 nm for the 90-degree bend and 700–1000 nm for the optical logic gate. These SVPCs were shown to provide high transmission through desired regions with low reflection and absorption of light to prove the potential benefits of these structures for future optical systems.

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Ultra-fast and compact all-optical encoder based on photonic crystal nano-resonator without using nonlinear materials

Photonics Letters of Poland ◽

10.4302/plp.v11i1.890 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Saeed Olyaee

Keyword(s):

Photonic Crystal ◽

Photonic Crystals ◽

Quantum Electronics ◽

Logic Gate ◽

Logic Gates ◽

Ring Resonators ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Optical Logic ◽

Optical Encoder ◽

All Optical

In this paper an ultra-compact all-optical encoder is presented by using a two-dimensional photonic crystal. The designed logic gate is based on the interference effect. The proposed structure consists of several photonic crystal waveguides connected by 2 nano-resonators. The nano-resonators are designed to reduce the size of the radius of the dielectric rods. The contrast ratios and delay time for the proposed all-optical encoder are respectively 6 dB and 125 fs. The size of the structure is equal to 132 µm2. Equality of the output power in the logic states “one”, the small dimensions, the low delay time, compact and simple structure have shown that the logic gate is suitable for the using in optical integrated circuits. Full Text: PDF ReferencesA. Salmanpour, Sh. Mohammadnejad, A. Bahrami, "Photonic crystal logic gates: an overview", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 2249 (2015). CrossRef S. C. Xavier, B. E. Carolin, A. p. Kabilan, W. Johnson, "Compact photonic crystal integrated circuit for all-optical logic operation", IET Optoelectronics. 10, 142 (2016). CrossRef Y. Miyoshi, K. Ikeda, H. Tobioka, T. Inoue, S. Namiki, K. Kitayama, "Ultrafast all-optical logic gate using a nonlinear optical loop mirror based multi-periodic transfer function", Optics Express. 16, 2570 (2008). CrossRef D. K. Gayen, A. Bhattachryya, T. Chattopadhyay, J. N. Roy, "Ultrafast All-Optical Half Adder Using Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier-Based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer", Journal of Lightwave Technology. 30, 3387 (2012). CrossRef A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, S. Olyaee, "All-optical NOT and XOR logic gates using photonic crystal nano-resonator and based on an interference effect", IET Optoelectronics. 12, 191 (2018). CrossRef Z. Mohebbi, N. Nozhat, F. Emami, "High contrast all-optical logic gates based on 2D nonlinear photonic crystal", Optics Communications. 355, 130 (2015). CrossRef M. Mansouri-Birjandi, M. Ghadrdan, "Full-optical tunable add/drop filter based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators", Photonics and Nanostructures-Fundamentals and Applications. 21, 44 (2016). CrossRef H. Alipour-Banaei, S. Serajmohammadi, F. Mehdizadeh, "Effect of scattering rods in the frequency response of photonic crystal demultiplexers", Journal of Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials. 17, 259 (2015). DirectLink A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, S. Olyaee, H. Arman, "Optical Biochemical Sensor Using Photonic Crystal Nano-ring Resonators for the Detection of Protein Concentration", Current Nanoscience. 13, 421 (2017). CrossRef S. Olyaee, A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, "Designing a novel photonic crystal nano-ring resonator for biosensor application", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 1881 (2015). CrossRef F. Parandin, R. Malmir, M. Naseri, A. Zahedi, "Reconfigurable all-optical NOT, XOR, and NOR logic gates based on two dimensional photonic crystals", Superlattices and Microstructures. 113, 737 (2018). CrossRef F. Mehdizadeh, M. Soroosh, H. Alipour-Banaei, "Proposal for 4-to-2 optical encoder based on photonic crystals", IET Optoelectronics. 11, 29 (2017). CrossRef M. Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban, R. Sabbaghi-Nadooshan, H. Alipour-Banaei, "A novel all optical reversible 4 × 2 encoder based on photonic crystals", Optik. 126, 2368 (2015). CrossRef T. A. Moniem, "All-optical digital 4 × 2 encoder based on 2D photonic crystal ring resonators", Journal of Modern Optics. 63, 735 (2016). CrossRef S. Gholamnejad, M. Zavvari, "Design and analysis of all-optical 4–2 binary encoder based on photonic crystal", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 49, 302 (2017). CrossRef H. Seif-Dargahi, "Ultra-fast all-optical encoder using photonic crystal-based ring resonators", Photonic Network Communications. 36, 272 (2018). CrossRef S. Olyaee, M. Seifouri, A. Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, and M. Sardari, "Realization of all-optical NOT and XOR logic gates based on interference effect with high contrast ratio and ultra-compacted size", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 50, 12 (2018). CrossRef C. J. Wu, C. P. Liu, Z. Ouyang, "Compact and low-power optical logic NOT gate based on photonic crystal waveguides without optical amplifiers and nonlinear materials", Applied Optics.51, 680 (2012). CrossRef Y. C. Jiang, S. B. Liu, H. F. Zhang, X. K. Kong. "Realization of all optical half-adder based on self-collimated beams by two-dimensional photonic crystals", Optics Communications. 348, 90 (2015). CrossRef A. Salmanpour, S. Mohammadnejad, P. T. Omran, "All-optical photonic crystal NOT and OR logic gates using nonlinear Kerr effect and ring resonators", Optical and Quantum Electronics. 47, 3689 (2015). CrossRef E. H. Shaik, N. Rangaswamy, "Single photonic crystal structure for realization of NAND and NOR logic functions by cascading basic gates", Journal of Computational Electronics. 17, 337 (2018). CrossRef

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Vortex Beam Encoded All-Optical Logic Gates Based on Nano-Ring Plasmonic Antennas

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9121649 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1649

Author(s):

Houquan Liu ◽

Hongchang Deng ◽

Shijie Deng ◽

Chuanxin Teng ◽

Ming Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logic Gate ◽

Logic Gates ◽

Vortex Beam ◽

Optical Logic ◽

Optical Elements ◽

Optical Logic Gates ◽

Input Signals ◽

All Optical ◽

Vortex Beams ◽

Polarization States

Vortex beam encoded all-optical logic gates are suggested to be very important in future information processing. However, within current logic devices, only a few are encoded by using vortex beams and, in these devices, some space optical elements with big footprints (mirror, dove prism and pentaprism) are indispensable components, which is not conducive to device integration. In this paper, an integrated vortex beam encoded all-optical logic gate based on a nano-ring plasmonic antenna is proposed. In our scheme, by defining the two circular polarization states of the input vortex beams as the input logic states and the normalized intensity of the plasmonic field at the center of the nano-ring as the output logic states, OR and AND (NOR and NAND) logic gates are realized when two 1st (1st) order vortex beams are chosen as the two input signals; and a NOT logic gate is obtained when one 1st order vortex beam is chosen as the input signal. In addition, by defining the two linear polarization states (x and y polarization) of the input vortex beams as the two input logic states, an XNOR logic gate is realized when two 1st order vortex beams are chosen as the two input signals.

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High Speed All-Optical Logic Gate Using QD-SOA and its Application

10.20944/preprints201706.0101.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Shuai Zhao ◽

Hongyu Hu

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Logic Gate ◽

Logic Gates ◽

Boolean Logic ◽

Hole Burning ◽

Spectral Hole Burning ◽

Optical Logic ◽

Carrier Heating ◽

Optical Logic Gates ◽

All Optical

The scheme to realize high speed (~250Gb/s) all-optical Boolean logic gates using semiconductor optica amplifiers with quantum-dot (QD-SOA) is introduced and analyzed in this review. Numerical simulation method was presented by solving the rate equation and taking into account nonlinear dynamics including carrier heating and spectral hole-burning. Binary phase shift keyed (BPSK) signal and on-off keyed signal are used to generate high speed all-optical logic gates. The applications based on all-optical logic gates such as, all-optical latches, pseudo random bit sequence (PRBS) generation and all-optical encryption, are also discussed in this review. Results show that the scheme based on QD-SOA is a promising method for the realization of high speed all-optical communication system in the future.

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Primitive Optical Computing Model with Films: Boolean Conjunction of the Square Matrix-Arrayed Color Codes

Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics ◽

10.20965/jaciii.2013.p0791 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 791-798 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomonori Kawano ◽

Keyword(s):

Logic Gate ◽

Color Space ◽

Optical Computing ◽

Logic Gates ◽

Natural Computing ◽

Optical Logic ◽

Spatial Coding ◽

Transparent Films ◽

Significant Step ◽

Gate System

Color is one of the most useful and attractive characteristics of light applicable to optical science and the related industries. In recent decades, a number of studies focusing on the use of light as a key component of computation have attracted considerable attention from researchers and engineers because these studies are potentially applicable to signal processing through optical interconnections between electronic devices. Such studies include the optical parallel logic gates proposed by a Japanese research group, allowing spontaneous and parallel computing with spatial coding using lights, simply by overlaying a pair of shadowgram images. For computational handling of the colors visible to human eyes,Commission Internationale de l’Eclairgehas defined CIE 1976 color space (CIELAB). The author has been engaged in the development of CIELAB-based printable and computable color codes possibly used for novel optical logic gate system as one of natural computing approaches. In the present study, by employing the pairs of CIELAB-coded-printed transparent films overlaid, a Boolean operation for the crossing (conjugation) of 2-by-2 color matrices based on the scanning of CIELAB values was demonstrated. This approach is still primitive but might be a significant step for manifesting the array-based processing of colors representing print-preserved and digitalized information.

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Design and analysis of optical logic gates based on trifurcation structured 2D photonic crystals

Optical and Quantum Electronics ◽

10.1007/s11082-020-02489-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (8) ◽

Author(s):

D. Saranya ◽

Rajesh Anbazhagan

Keyword(s):

Photonic Crystals ◽

Logic Gates ◽

Optical Logic ◽

Optical Logic Gates

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Optical properties of one-dimensional defective photonic crystal containing nanocomposite material

Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials ◽

10.1142/s0218863517500072 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (01) ◽

pp. 1750007 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Arafa H. Aly ◽

Hussein A. Elsayed ◽

Christina Malek

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Photonic Crystal ◽

Photonic Crystals ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Dielectric Materials ◽

Defect Layer ◽

Nanocomposite Materials ◽

One Dimensional ◽

Plasmon Frequency ◽

Metal Thickness

We have obtained the optical properties of one-dimensional defective photonic crystals containing nanocomposite materials of Ag as a defect layer in UV region; the permittivity of nanocomposite materials depends on plasmon frequency of metal nanoparticles. Our analysis is based on the fundamentals of the transfer matrix method. We have investigated the effect of many parameters such as metal thickness, volume fraction, and defected dielectric materials on the intensity of a defect layer.

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