scholarly journals Fischer-Tropsch synthesis using carbon dioxide, water and electricity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boon Siang Yeo ◽  
Yansong Zhou ◽  
Antonio Martín ◽  
Federico Dattila ◽  
Shibo Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Chain Growth ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
New Era ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Ft Synthesis ◽  
Chain Growth Probability ◽  
Carbon Molecules

Abstract The Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis of fuels from CO and H2 lies at the heart of the successful and mature Gas-to-Liquid technology; however its reliance on fossil resources comes with the burden of an undesirable carbon footprint. In contrast, the electroreduction of CO2 (CO2RR) powered by renewable electricity has the potential to produce the same type of fuels, but in a carbon-neutral fashion. To date, only ethylene and ethanol are attainable at reasonable efficiencies and exclusively on copper. Herein, we report that the oxygenated compounds of nickel can selectively electroreduce CO2 to C1 – C6 hydrocarbons with significant yields (Faradaic efficiencies of C3+ up to 6.5%). While metallic Ni only produces hydrogen and methane under CO2RR and FT conditions respectively, we show that polarized nickel (Niδ+) sites facilitate ambient CO2RR via the FT mechanism. The catalysts yield multi-carbon molecules with an unprecedented chain growth probability values (α) up to 0.44, which matches many technical FT synthesis systems. We anticipate that the integration of the herein proposed electrochemical-FT scheme with fuel cells may provide at this seminal stage up to 7% energy efficiency for C3+ hydrocarbons, inaugurating a new era towards the defossilization of the chemical industry.

Predicting the Performance of System for the Co-Production of Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Liquid and Power From Coal

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Wang ◽  
Yunhan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Production System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Chain Growth ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Ft Synthesis

A co-production system based on FT synthesis reactor and gas turbine was simulated and analyzed. Syngas from entrained bed coal gasification was used as feedstock of low temperature slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch reactor. Raw synthetic liquid produced was fractioned and upgraded to diesel, gasoline and LPG. Tail gas composed of unconverted syngas and F-T light component was fed to gas turbine. Supplemental fuel (NG, or refinery mine gas) might be necessary, which was dependent on gas turbine capacity, expander through flow capacity, etc. FT yield information was important to the simulation of this co-production system. A correlation model based on Mobil’s two step pilot plant was applied. This model proposed triple chain-length-dependent chain growth factors and set up correlations among reaction temperature with wax yield, methane yield, and C2-C22 paraffin and olefin yields. Oxygenates in hydrocarbon phase, water phase and vapor phase were also correlated with methane yield. It was suitable for syngas, iron catalyst and slurry bed. It can show the effect of temperature on products’ selectivity and distribution. Deviations of C5+ components yields and distributions with reference data were less than 3%. To light gas components were less than 2%. User models available to predict product yields, distributions, cooperate with other units and do sensitive studies were embedded into Aspen plus simulation. Performance prediction of syngas fired gas turbine was the other key of this system. The increase in mass flow through the turbine affects the match between compressor and turbine operating conditions. The calculation was carried out by GS software developed by Politecnico Di Milano and Princeton University. The simulated performance assumed that the expander operates under choked conditions and turbine inlet temperature equals to NG fired gas turbine. A “F” technology gas turbine was selected to generate power. Various cases were investigated so as to match FT synthesis island, power island and gasification island in co-production systems. Effects of CO2 removal/LPG recovery, co-firing, CH4 content variation were studied. Simulation results indicated that more than 50% of input energy was converted to electricity and FT products. Total yield of gasoline, diesel and LPG was 136g-155g/NM3(CO+H2). At coal feed 21.9kg/s, net electricity exported to grid was higher than 100MW. Total production of diesel and gasoline (and LPG) was 118,000 tons(134,000tons)/Year. Under economic analysis conditions assumed in this paper, co-production system was economic feasible. The after tax profits can research 17 million EURO. Payback times were ranged from 6-7 years.

scholarly journals Kinetic aspects of chain growth in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo A. W. Filot ◽  
Bart Zijlstra ◽  
Robin J. P. Broos ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Robert Pestman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chain Growth ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Co Conversion ◽  
Chain Growth Probability ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chains ◽  
Surface Intermediates ◽  
Reaction Chain ◽  
Growth Probability

Microkinetics simulations are used to investigate the elementary reaction steps that control chain growth in the Fischer–Tropsch reaction. Chain growth in the FT reaction on stepped Ru surfaces proceeds via coupling of CH and CR surface intermediates. Essential to the growth mechanism are C–H dehydrogenation and C hydrogenation steps, whose kinetic consequences have been examined by formulating two novel kinetic concepts, the degree of chain-growth probability control and the thermodynamic degree of chain-growth probability control. For Ru the CO conversion rate is controlled by the removal of O atoms from the catalytic surface. The temperature of maximum CO conversion rate is higher than the temperature to obtain maximum chain-growth probability. Both maxima are determined by Sabatier behavior, but the steps that control chain-growth probability are different from those that control the overall rate. Below the optimum for obtaining long hydrocarbon chains, the reaction is limited by the high total surface coverage: in the absence of sufficient vacancies the CHCHR → CCHR + H reaction is slowed down. Beyond the optimum in chain-growth probability, CHCR + H → CHCHR and OH + H → H2O limit the chain-growth process. The thermodynamic degree of chain-growth probability control emphasizes the critical role of the H and free-site coverage and shows that at high temperature, chain depolymerization contributes to the decreased chain-growth probability. That is to say, during the FT reaction chain growth is much faster than chain depolymerization, which ensures high chain-growth probability. The chain-growth rate is also fast compared to chain-growth termination and the steps that control the overall CO conversion rate, which are O removal steps for Ru.

Effect of Process-Condition-Dependent Chain Growth Probability and Methane Formation on Modeling of the Fischer–Tropsch Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 7971-7981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Matsuka ◽  
Roger D. Braddock ◽  
Toshiaki Hanaoka ◽  
Katsuya Shimura ◽  
Tomohisa Miyazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Condition ◽  
Chain Growth ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Chain Growth Probability ◽  
Growth Probability

Predicting the Performance of System for the Co-production of Fischer-Tropsch Synthetic Liquid and Power from Coal

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Wang ◽  
Yunhan Xiao ◽  
Song Xu ◽  
Zhigang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Production System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Chain Growth ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Ft Synthesis

A co-production system based on Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis reactor and gas turbine was simulated and analyzed. Syngas from entrained bed coal gasification was used as feedstock of the low-temperature slurry phase Fischer-Tropsch reactor. Raw synthetic liquid produced was fractioned and upgraded to diesel, gasoline, and liquid petrol gas (LPG). Tail gas composed of unconverted syngas and FT light components was fed to the gas turbine. Supplemental fuel (NG, or refinery mine gas) might be necessary, which was dependent on gas turbine capacity, expander through flow capacity, etc. FT yield information was important to the simulation of this co-production system. A correlation model based on Mobil’s two step pilot plant was applied. This model proposed triple chain-length-dependent chain growth factors and set up correlations among reaction temperatures with wax yield, methane yield, and C2–C22 paraffin and olefin yields. Oxygenates in the hydrocarbon, water, and vapor phases were also correlated with methane yield. It was suitable for syngas, iron catalyst, and slurry bed. We can show the effect of temperature on the products’ selectivity and distribution. User models that can predict product yields and cooperate with other units were embedded into Aspen plus simulation. Performance prediction of syngas fired gas turbine was the other key of this system. The increase in mass flow through the turbine affects the match between compressor and turbine operating conditions. The calculation was carried out by GS software developed by Politecnico Di Milano and Princeton University. The simulated performance assumed that the expander operates under choked conditions and turbine inlet temperature equals the NG fired gas turbine. A “F” technology gas turbine was selected to generate power. Various cases were investigated to match the FT synthesis island, power island, and gasification island in co-production systems. Effects of CO2 removal/LPG recovery, co-firing, and CH4 content variation were studied. Simulation results indicated that more than 50% of input energy was converted to electricity and FT products. Total yield of gasoline, diesel, and LPG was 136–155g∕Nm3(CO+H2). At coal feed of 21.9kg∕s, net electricity exported to the grid was higher than 100MW. Total production of diesel and gasoline (and LPG) was 118,000t(134,000t)∕year. Under the economic analysis conditions assumed in this paper, the co-production system was economically feasible. The after tax profits can research 17 million euro. Payback times ranged from 6 to 7 years.

Accumulation of liquid hydrocarbons during cobalt-catalyzed Fischer–Tropsch synthesis - influence of activity and chain growth probability

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 4047-4054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Rößler ◽  
Christoph Kern ◽  
Andreas Jess
Keyword(s):  
Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
Chain Growth ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbons ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Fischer Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
Chain Growth Probability ◽  
One Year ◽  
Growth Probability

It may take over one year in order to fill FT catalyst pores, depending on activity and chain growth probability.

A DFT study of the chain growth probability in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 257 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J CHENG ◽  
P HU ◽  
P ELLIS ◽  
S FRENCH ◽  
G KELLY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
Dft Study ◽  
Chain Growth ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Fischer Tropsch Synthesis ◽  
Chain Growth Probability ◽  
Growth Probability

scholarly journals Innovation in Fischer-Tropsch: A Sustainable Approach to Fuels Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Pearson ◽  
Andrew Coe ◽  
James Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Ft Synthesis

A sustained global effort is required over the next few decades to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in order to address global warming as society seeks to deliver the Paris Agreement temperature goals. The increasing availability of renewable electricity will reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. However, some applications, such as long-haul aviation, are particularly challenging to de-carbonise. The conversion of waste, biomass or existing CO2 emissions into sustainable fuels via FT synthesis offers one solution to this problem. This paper describes some of the challenges associated with this route to these alternative fuels and how Johnson Matthey and bp have solved them.

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