scholarly journals Insight of Transcriptional Regulators reveals the Tolerance Mechanism of Carpet-grass (Axonopus compressus) Against Drought

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin Nawaz ◽  
Liao Li ◽  
Farrukh Azeem ◽  
Samina Shabbir ◽  
Ali Zohaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Validation Experiment

Abstract Highlights:1. Axonopus compressus can stand severe drought stress by activating the potential defense mechanism.2. We investigated the differential transcriptome of drought stressed and normal Axonopus compressus plants3. New comers have been identified that involved in the drought response4. Identified drought responsive genes which never known for other stresses.5. The identified genes also respond to stress in Arabidopsis thaliana in different manners.Background: Carpet grass [Axonopus compressus (L.)] is an important warm season perennial grass around the world and is renowned for its adaptability to varied environmental conditions. However, Carpet grass lacks enough data in public data bank, which confined our comprehension of the mechanism of environmental adaptations, gene discovery and development of molecular marker. Methods: In current study, the DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in Axonopus compressus under drought stress (DS) were identified and compared with CK (control) by RNA-Seq. Results: the 263,835 of total unigenes were identified in Axonopus compressus, and 201,303 (also add the numbers of remaining2 data bases) a sequence of unigenes significantly matched in at least one of the seven databases. A total of 153697 (58.25%) unigenes can be classified to 144 KEGG pathways, and 7,444 unigenes were expressed differentially between DS and CK, of which 4,249 were up-regulated and 3,195 were down-regulated unigenes. Of the 50 significantly enriched GO terms, 18, 6 and 14 items were related to BP, CC and MF, respectively. Analysis of KEGG enrichment showed 2569 DEGs involved in 143 different pathways, under drought stress 2,747 DEGs were up-regulated and 2,502 DEGs were down-regulated. Moreover, we identified 352 transcriptor factors (TFs) in Axonopus compressus, of which 270 were differentially expressed between CK and DS. The qRT-PCR validation experiment also support the transcriptional response of Axonopus compressus against drought. Conclusions: The current findings provide the first framework for further investigation for the particular roles of these unigenes in Axonopus compressus in response to droughts.

scholarly journals Insight of Transcriptional Regulators reveals the Tolerance Mechanism of Carpet-grass (Axonopus compressus) Against Drought

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin Nawaz ◽  
Liao Li ◽  
Farrukh Azeem ◽  
Samina Shabbir ◽  
Ali Zohaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Environmental Adaptations

Abstract Background: Carpet grass [Axonopus compressus (L.)] is an important warm-season perennial grass around the world and is known for its adaptability to varied environmental conditions. However, Carpet grass lacks enough data in public data banks, which confined our comprehension of the mechanisms of environmental adaptations, gene discovery, and development of molecular markers. In current study, the DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in Axonopus compressus under drought stress (DS) were identified and compared with CK (control) by RNA-Seq. Results: A total of 263,835 unigenes were identified in Axonopus compressus, and 201,303 (also added to the numbers of the remaining 2 databases) a sequence of unigenes significantly matched in at least one of the seven databases. A total of 153697 (58.25%) unigenes classified to 144 KEGG pathways, and 7,444 unigenes were expressed differentially between DS and CK, of which 4,249 were up-regulated and 3,195 were down-regulated unigenes. Of the 50 significantly enriched GO terms, 18, 6, and 14 items were related to BP, CC, and MF respectively. Analysis of KEGG enrichment revealed 2569 DEGs involved in 143 different pathways, under drought stress. 2,747 DEGs were up-regulated and 2,502 DEGs were down-regulated. Moreover, we identified 352 transcription factors (TFs) in Axonopus compressus, of which 270 were differentially expressed between CK and DS. The qRT-PCR validation experiment also supports the transcriptional response of Axonopus compressus against drought. Accuracy of transcriptome unigenes of Axonopus compressus was assessed with BLAST, which showed 3,300 sequences of Axonopus compressus in the NCBI.Conclusion: The 7,444 unigenes were found to be between DS and CK treatments, which indicate the existence of a strong mechanism of drought tolerance in Axonopus compressus. The current findings provide the first framework for further investigations for the particular roles of these unigenes in Axonopus compressus in response to drought.

scholarly journals Insight of Transcriptional Regulators reveals the Tolerance Mechanism of Carpet-grass (Axonopus compressus) Against Drought

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin Nawaz ◽  
Liao Li ◽  
Farrukh Azeem ◽  
Samina Shabbir ◽  
Ali Zohaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Environmental Adaptations

Abstract Background: Carpet grass [Axonopus compressus (L.)] is an important warm-season perennial grass around the world and is known for its adaptability to varied environmental conditions. However, Carpet grass lacks enough data in public data banks, which confined our comprehension of the mechanisms of environmental adaptations, gene discovery, and development of molecular markers. In current study, the DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in Axonopus compressus under drought stress (DS) were identified and compared with CK (control) by RNA-Seq.Results: A total of 263,835 unigenes were identified in Axonopus compressus, and 201,303 (also added to the numbers of the remaining 2 databases) a sequence of unigenes significantly matched in at least one of the seven databases. A total of 153697 (58.25%) unigenes classified to 144 KEGG pathways, and 7,444 unigenes were expressed differentially between DS and CK, of which 4,249 were up-regulated and 3,195 were down-regulated unigenes. Of the 50 significantly enriched GO terms, 18, 6, and 14 items were related to BP, CC, and MF respectively. Analysis of KEGG enrichment revealed 2569 DEGs involved in 143 different pathways, under drought stress. 2,747 DEGs were up-regulated and 2,502 DEGs were down-regulated. Moreover, we identified 352 transcription factors (TFs) in Axonopus compressus, of which 270 were differentially expressed between CK and DS. The qRT-PCR validation experiment also supports the transcriptional response of Axonopus compressus against drought. Accuracy of transcriptome unigenes of Axonopus compressus was assessed with BLAST, which showed 3,300 sequences of Axonopus compressus in the NCBI.Conclusion: The 7,444 unigenes were found to be between DS and CK treatments, which indicate the existence of a strong mechanism of drought tolerance in Axonopus compressus. The current findings provide the first framework for further investigations for the particular roles of these unigenes in Axonopus compressus in response to drought.

scholarly journals Insight of Transcriptional Regulators reveals the Tolerance Mechanism of Carpet-grass (Axonopus compressus) Against Drought

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin Nawaz ◽  
Liao Li ◽  
Farrukh Azeem ◽  
Samina Shabbir ◽  
Ali Zohaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Environmental Adaptations

Abstract Background: Carpet grass [Axonopus compressus (L.)] is an important warm-season perennial grass around the world and is known for its adaptability to varied environmental conditions. However, Carpet grass lacks enough data in public data banks, which confined our comprehension on the mechanisms of environmental adaptations, gene discovery and development of molecular markers. In current study, the DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in Axonopus compressus under drought stress (DS) were identified and compared with CK (control) by RNA-Seq. Results: A total of 263,835 unigenes were identified in Axonopus compressus, and 201,303 (also added to the numbers of the remaining 2 data bases) a sequence of unigenes significantly matched in at least one of the seven databases. A total of 153697 (58.25%) unigenes classified to 144 KEGG pathways, and 7,444 unigenes were expressed differentially between DS and CK, of which 4,249 were up-regulated and 3,195 were down-regulated unigenes. Of the 50 significantly enriched GO terms, 18, 6 and 14 items were related to BP, CC and MF respectively. Analysis of KEGG enrichment revealed 2569 DEGs involved in 143 different pathways, under drought stress. 2,747 DEGs were up-regulated and 2,502 DEGs were down-regulated. Moreover, we identified 352 transcription factors (TFs) in Axonopus compressus, of which 270 were differentially expressed between CK and DS. The qRT-PCR validation experiment also support the transcriptional response of Axonopus compressus against drought. Accuracy of transcriptome unigenes of Axonopus compressus was assessed with BLAST, which showed 3,300 sequences of Axonopus compressus in the NCBI.Conclusion: The 7,444 unigenes were found to be between DS and CK treatments which indicate that there is a strong mechanism of drought tolerance in Axonopus compressus. The current findings provide the first framework for further investigations for the particular roles of these unigenes in Axonopus compressus in response to drought.

scholarly journals Insight of transcriptional regulators reveals the tolerance mechanism of carpet-grass (Axonopus compressus) against drought

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin Nawaz ◽  
Liao Li ◽  
Farrukh Azeem ◽  
Samina Shabbir ◽  
Ali Zohaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Environmental Adaptations

Abstract Background Carpet grass [Axonopus compressus (L.)] is an important warm-season perennial grass around the world and is known for its adaptability to varied environmental conditions. However, Carpet grass lacks enough data in public data banks, which confined our comprehension of the mechanisms of environmental adaptations, gene discovery, and development of molecular markers. In current study, the DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in Axonopus compressus under drought stress (DS) were identified and compared with CK (control) by RNA-Seq. Results A total of 263,835 unigenes were identified in Axonopus compressus, and 201,303 (also added to the numbers of the remaining 2 databases) a sequence of unigenes significantly matched in at least one of the seven databases. A total of 153,697 (58.25%) unigenes classified to 144 KEGG pathways, and 7444 unigenes were expressed differentially between DS and CK, of which 4249 were up-regulated and 3195 were down-regulated unigenes. Of the 50 significantly enriched GO terms, 18, 6, and 14 items were related to BP, CC, and MF respectively. Analysis of KEGG enrichment revealed 2569 DEGs involved in 143 different pathways, under drought stress. 2747 DEGs were up-regulated and 2502 DEGs were down-regulated. Moreover, we identified 352 transcription factors (TFs) in Axonopus compressus, of which 270 were differentially expressed between CK and DS. The qRT-PCR validation experiment also supports the transcriptional response of Axonopus compressus against drought. Accuracy of transcriptome unigenes of Axonopus compressus was assessed with BLAST, which showed 3300 sequences of Axonopus compressus in the NCBI. Conclusion The 7444 unigenes were found to be between DS and CK treatments, which indicate the existence of a strong mechanism of drought tolerance in Axonopus compressus. The current findings provide the first framework for further investigations for the particular roles of these unigenes in Axonopus compressus in response to drought.

scholarly journals Role of Suillus placidus in Improving the Drought Tolerance of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Haoyun Wang ◽  
Xizhou Zhao ◽  
Zhongke Lu ◽  
Xueguang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Masson pine is an important afforestation species in southern China, where seasonal drought is common. The present study focused on the effects of Suillus placidus, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, inoculation on the growth and physiological and biochemical performance of masson pine seedlings under four different watering treatments (well-watered, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought) to evaluate the symbiotic relationship between S. placidus and masson pine seedlings. Ectomycorrhizal-inoculated (ECM) and non-inoculated (NM) seedlings were grown in pots and maintained for 60 days using the weighing method. Results showed that seedlings’ growth, dry weight, RWC, chlorophyll content, PSII efficiency, and photosynthesis decreased as drought stress intensified in both ECM and NM plants. This suggests that drought stress significantly limits the growth and photosynthetic performance of masson pine seedlings. Nevertheless, increased An/gs and proline contents in both NM and ECM prevented oxidative damage caused by drought stress. In addition, increased peroxidase (POD) activity is an essential defense mechanism of ECM seedling under drought stress. Compared with NM, ECM seedlings showed faster growth, higher RWC, and photosynthetic performance, and lower lipid peroxidation in cell membranes under drought stress, as indicated by higher POD activity and lower proline and malondialdehyde (MDA). Our experiment found that S. placidus inoculation can enhance the drought resistance of masson pine seedlings by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, water use efficiency, and proline content, thereby enhancing growth under water-deficiency conditions. S. placidus can be used to cultivate high-quality seedlings and improve their survival in regions that experience seasonal droughts.

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptional response to drought stress among bioenergy grass Miscanthus species

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose J. De Vega ◽  
Abel Teshome ◽  
Manfred Klaas ◽  
Jim Grant ◽  
John Finnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Response To Water

Abstract Background Miscanthus is a commercial lignocellulosic biomass crop owing to its high biomass productivity, resilience and photosynthetic capacity at low temperature. These qualities make Miscanthus a particularly good candidate for temperate marginal land, where yields can be limited by insufficient or excessive water supply. Differences in response to water stress have been observed among Miscanthus species, which correlated to origin. In this study, we compared the physiological and molecular responses among Miscanthus species under excessive (flooded) and insufficient (drought) water supply in glasshouse conditions. Results A significant biomass loss was observed under drought conditions in all genotypes. M. x giganteus showed a lower reduction in biomass yield under drought conditions compared to the control than the other species. Under flooded conditions, biomass yield was as good as or better than control conditions in all species. 4389 of the 67,789 genes (6.4%) in the reference genome were differentially expressed during drought among four Miscanthus genotypes from different species. We observed the same biological processes were regulated across Miscanthus species during drought stress despite the DEGs being not similar. Upregulated differentially expressed genes were significantly involved in sucrose and starch metabolism, redox, and water and glycerol homeostasis and channel activity. Multiple copies of the starch metabolic enzymes BAM and waxy GBSS-I were strongly up-regulated in drought stress in all Miscanthus genotypes, and 12 aquaporins (PIP1, PIP2 and NIP2) were also up-regulated in drought stress across genotypes. Conclusions Different phenotypic responses were observed during drought stress among Miscanthus genotypes from different species, supporting differences in genetic adaption. The low number of DEGs and higher biomass yield in flooded conditions supported Miscanthus use in flooded land. The molecular processes regulated during drought were shared among Miscanthus species and consistent with functional categories known to be critical during drought stress in model organisms. However, differences in the regulated genes, likely associated with ploidy and heterosis, highlighted the value of exploring its diversity for breeding.

scholarly journals Integrated transcriptome and small RNA sequencing analyses reveal a drought stress response network in Sophora tonkinensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Liang ◽  
Kunhua Wei ◽  
Fan Wei ◽  
Shuangshuang Qin ◽  
Chuanhua Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Sophora Tonkinensis

Abstract Background Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep is a traditional Chinese medical plant that is mainly cultivated in southern China. Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that negatively impacts S. tonkinensis growth. However, the molecular mechanisms governing the responses to drought stress in S. tonkinensis at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels are not well understood. Results To identify genes and miRNAs involved in drought stress responses in S. tonkinensis, both mRNA and small RNA sequencing was performed in root samples under control, mild drought, and severe drought conditions. mRNA sequencing revealed 66,476 unigenes, and the differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were associated with several key pathways, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, sugar metabolism, and quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis pathways. A total of 10 and 30 transcription factors (TFs) were identified among the DEGs under mild and severe drought stress, respectively. Moreover, small RNA sequencing revealed a total of 368 miRNAs, including 255 known miRNAs and 113 novel miRNAs. The differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes were involved in the regulation of plant hormone signal transduction, the spliceosome, and ribosomes. Analysis of the regulatory network involved in the response to drought stress revealed 37 differentially expressed miRNA-mRNA pairs. Conclusion This is the first study to simultaneously profile the expression patterns of mRNAs and miRNAs on a genome-wide scale to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the drought stress responses of S. tonkinensis. Our results suggest that S. tonkinensis implements diverse mechanisms to modulate its responses to drought stress.

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptional response to drought stress among bioenergy grass Miscanthus species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose J. De Vega ◽  
Abel Teshome ◽  
Manfred Klaas ◽  
Jim Grant ◽  
John Finnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Response To Water

Abstract Background: Miscanthus is a commercial lignocellulosic biomass crop owing to its high biomass productivity, resilience and photosynthetic capacity at low temperature. These qualities make Miscanthus a particularly good candidate for temperate marginal land, where yields can be limited by insufficient or excessive water supply. Differences in response to water stress have been observed among Miscanthus species, which correlated to origin. In this study, we compared the physiological and molecular responses among Miscanthus species under excessive (flooded) and insufficient (drought) water supply in glasshouse conditions. Results: A significant biomass loss was observed under drought conditions in all genotypes. M. x giganteus showed a lower reduction in biomass yield under drought conditions compared to the control than the other species. Under flooded conditions, biomass yield was as good as or better than control conditions in all species. 4,389 of the 67,789 genes (6.4%) in the reference genome were differentially expressed during drought among four Miscanthus genotypes from different species. We observed the same biological processes were regulated across Miscanthus species during drought stress despite the DEGs were not similar. Upregulated differentially expressed genes were significantly involved in sucrose and starch metabolism, redox, and water and glycerol homeostasis and channel activity. Multiple copies of the starch metabolic enzymes BAM and waxy GBSS-I were strongly up-regulated in drought stress in all Miscanthus genotypes, and twelve aquaporins (PIP1, PIP2 and NIP2) were also up-regulated in drought stress across genotypes. Conclusions: Different phenotypic responses were observed during drought stress among Miscanthus genotypes from different species, supporting differences in genetic adaption. The low number of DEGs and higher biomass yield in flooded conditions supported Miscanthus use in flooded land. The molecular processes regulated during drought were shared among Miscanthus species and consistent with functional categories known to be critical during drought stress in model organisms. However, differences in the regulated genes, likely associated with ploidy and heterosis, highlighted the value of exploring its diversity for breeding.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic responses to drought stress in Polygonatum kingianum tuber

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huali Qian ◽  
Zhe Xu ◽  
Kun Cong ◽  
Xinyan Zhu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Galactose Metabolism ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcriptome Resource

Abstract Background Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. is an important plant in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The extracts from its tubers are rich in polysaccharides and other metabolites such as saponins. It is a well-known concept that growing medicinal plants in semi-arid (or drought stress) increases their natural compounds concentrations. This study was conducted to explore the morpho-physiological responses of P. kingianum plants and transcriptomic signatures of P. kingianum tubers exposed to mild, moderate, and severe drought and rewatering. Results The stress effects on the morpho-physiological parameters were dependent on the intensity of the drought stress. The leaf area, relative water content, chlorophyll content, and shoot fresh weight decreased whereas electrolyte leakage increased with increase in drought stress intensity. A total of 53,081 unigenes were obtained; 59% of which were annotated. We observed that 1352 and 350 core genes were differentially expressed in drought and rewatering, respectively. Drought stress driven differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and stilbenoid diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis pathways. Pathways such as plant-pathogen interaction and galactose metabolism were differentially regulated between severe drought and rewatering. Drought reduced the expression of lignin, gingerol, and flavonoid biosynthesis related genes and rewatering recovered the tubers from stress by increasing the expression of the genes. Increased expression of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway related genes under drought suggested their important role in stress endurance. An increase in starch and sucrose biosynthesis was evident from transcriptomic changes under drought stress. Rewatering recovered the drought affected tubers as evident from the contrasting expression profiles of genes related to these pathways. P. kingianum tuber experiences an increased biosynthesis of sucrose, starch, and carotenoid under drought stress. Drought decreases the flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, gingerol, and lignin biosynthesis. These changes can be reversed by rewatering the P. kingianum plants. Conclusions These results provide a transcriptome resource for P. kingianum and expands the knowledge on the effect of drought and rewatering on important pathways. This study also provides a large number of candidate genes that could be manipulated for drought stress tolerance and managing the polysaccharide and secondary metabolites’ contents in P. kingianum.

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