scholarly journals Rice Husk Use In Oil Spills Demonstrated With Cod And Phytotoxicity Tests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Leticia Alves Goulart ◽  
Rômulo Henrique Batista de Faria ◽  
Larissa Loebens ◽  
Louise Hoss ◽  
Maurízio Silveira Quadro
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Object Of Study

Abstract Motivated to develop faster and faster contemporary society has been using more and more fossil and energy resources that can, unfortunately, cause environmental accidents. Petroleum is responsible for providing different products derived as lubricating oil widely used in different production chains and object of study of the work in question. Many environmental problems faced by the Oil and Gas Industry are associated with leaks, accidents and irregular discharges. Thus an alternative for cleaning and adsorption of oil spilled in the sea is presented the validity in this article: the rice husk, being the main objective of this article to prove its effectiveness with lubricant oil adsorbent. It was used as a low cost alternative adsorbent. Performing physical order treatments such as heating and using acid and base that could increase their efficiency. Some COD and Fitoxicity tests of the generated effluent were performed and analyzed during the work, generating excellent results related to the adsorption of lubricating oils, showing a total adsorption of 6.15 g / g when treated in basic medium and 4.7 g / g in acid medium.

Offshore Oil Spill Incidents: Creating a Database in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Patricia Maggi ◽  
Cláudia do Rosário Vaz Morgado ◽  
João Carlos Nóbrega de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Exploration ◽  
Exploration And Production ◽  
Offshore Oil

ABSTRACT Brazil has performed an important role in the oil and gas industry mainly because its offshore E&P activities. The volume of oil produced in offshore fields had increased 88% in the last decade and correspond to more than 90% of national production. The maritime Exploration and Production (E&P) operations in Brazil started in the middle of the 1970's. In 1981 a law was promulgated to establish a compulsory environmental permit to many activities, including oil and gas exploration and production activities. Although this regulation has existed for over 25 years, only in 1999 was it effectively brought into force to the E&P sector, with the creation of the oil and gas specialized office integrated to the Intituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis – IBAMA (Brazilian Federal Environmental Agency). On January 2000 Brazil faced one its worst oil spills, in Guanabara Bay. A broken pipeline owned and operated by Petrobras spilt 1300 tone of bunker fuel into Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro. At that time, Brazil had no clear environmental scenario regarding the oil industry in Brazil: uncoordinated environmental regulations, debilitated environmental agencies and a relapse industry took part in the scenario. As a result of the repercussion of the disaster, in the same year was enacted the Federal Law 9966/2000, the so called “Oil Law”, on the prevention, control and inspection of pollution caused by the releasing of oil and other harmful substances in waters under national jurisdiction. The provisions of the Law 9966 included, among other things, the requirement for the notification to the competent environmental authority, the maritime authority and the oil regulating agency, of any incident which might cause water pollution. Although IBAMA receives the oil spill communications since 2001, only in 2010 the Agency began to include this information in a database. This paper discusses the offshore oil spill data received between 2010 and 2012.

Asset management: listening to your asset

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 824
Author(s):  
David Walker
Keyword(s):  
Asset Management ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Multiple Frequencies ◽  
Vibration Signatures

The ability to measure large amounts of data at high frequency, and the increasing ability to process these data close to the source at the edge, has opened up a new frontier in asset management. Until now, analysis of high-frequency data in real time has been the domain of a few, very expensive devices. However, this is rapidly changing, with the increasing capabilities of sensors and edge devices providing flexible, low-cost solutions that can be deployed across all site machinery to provide predictive and detailed information about these assets. All machinery vibrates at multiple frequencies when running. If you listen to this vibration, it can tell you a lot about the condition of the machine and its components. In fact, it is surprising how rich and detailed this information can be. Cavitation, insufficient lubrication, failing bearings and faulty impellers all have different vibration signatures, and by listening for these signatures it is possible to identify issues before they occur, and even predict when they will occur. It is also possible to feed this information (e.g. cavitation) to the control system so that process decisions can be made to avoid machine damage. This paper discusses solutions that are available now and currently being developed in terms of edge computing devices and advances in the algorithms that analyse the vibration data, and how they can be applied in the oil and gas industry to ensure assets are optimised and downtime is minimised.

scholarly journals Estimating the Potential of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Use in the Oil and Gas Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-355
Author(s):  
Anastasia D. Anikaeva ◽  
◽  
Dmitry A. Martyushev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Erdas Imagine

The relevance of the study is explained by the need to use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to serve engineering and geodetic tasks in the oil and gas industry. Airborne photographic survey using unmanned aerial vehicles is currently an advanced technology in the area of geodesy and it replaces such methods as tacheometry, satellite-based positioning in RTK modes, manned aerial photography, and aiborne laser scanning (ALS). The potential for using UAVs in the oil and gas industry today is truly enormous. Numerous safety and reliability problems, which traditionally have been cost consuming for oil and gas companies, can be effectively addressed using UAVs. The study included processing of data obtained from the unmanned complex in three modern software packages (Agisoft Photoscan Professional, v 1.2.5.2594 (Russia), ERDAS IMAGINE, v 2015 (USA) and Pix4Dmapper Pro (Switzerland)) of various automation degrees; assessment of accuracy in ArcMap software by superimposing a topographic plan on an orthomosaic with a scale of 1: 500 on the territory under consideration; calculation of economic and labor costs. As part of the study, it was proved that the use of UAVs was possible not only for the geodetic work, but also for solving other equally important tasks of the oil and gas industry, which leads to a decrease in economic and environmental risks, automation of processes related to monitoring of oil facilities, prevention of illegal attempts of pipeline tie-ins, oil spills. In addition, based on the obtained orthophotomaps, the economic, accuracy and labor-time feasibility of using unmanned systems were confirmed. It has been established that the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in various fields of oil and gas activities for solving engineering and geodetic problems is an integral part of any company engaged in the production and transportation of hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Inter- and Intra-Annual Bacterioplankton Community Patterns in a Deepwater Sub-Arctic Region: Persistent High Background Abundance of Putative Oil Degraders

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina G. Angelova ◽  
Barbara Berx ◽  
Eileen Bresnan ◽  
Samantha B. Joye ◽  
Andrew Free ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Bacterioplankton Community ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

ABSTRACT Hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria naturally degrade and remove petroleum pollutants, yet baselines do not currently exist for these critical microorganisms in many regions where the oil and gas industry is active. Furthermore, understanding how a baseline community changes across the seasons and its potential to respond to an oil spill event are prerequisites for predicting their response to elevated hydrocarbon exposures. In this study, 16S rRNA gene-based profiling was used to assess the spatiotemporal variability of baseline bacterioplankton community composition in the Faroe-Shetland Channel (FSC), a deepwater sub-Arctic region where the oil and gas industry has been active for the last 40 years. Over a period of 2 years, we captured the diversity of the bacterioplankton community within distinct water masses (defined by their temperature and salinity) that have a distinct geographic origin (Atlantic or Nordic), depth, and direction of flow. We demonstrate that bacterioplankton communities were significantly different across water samples of contrasting origin and depth. Taxa of known hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were observed at higher-than-anticipated abundances in water masses originating in the Nordic Seas, suggesting these organisms are sustained by an unconfirmed source of oil input in that region. In the event of an oil spill, our results suggest that the response of these organisms is severely hindered by the low temperatures and nutrient levels that are typical for the FSC. IMPORTANCE Oil spills at sea are one of the most disastrous anthropogenic pollution events, with the Deepwater Horizon spill providing a testament to how profoundly the health of marine ecosystems and the livelihood of its coastal inhabitants can be severely impacted by spilled oil. The fate of oil in the environment is largely dictated by the presence and activities of natural communities of oil-degrading bacteria. While a significant effort was made to monitor and track the microbial response and degradation of the oil in the water column in the wake of the Deepwater Horizon spill, the lack of baseline data on the microbiology of the Gulf of Mexico confounded scientists’ abilities to provide an accurate assessment of how the system responded relative to prespill conditions. This data gap highlights the need for long-term microbial ocean observatories in regions at high risk of oil spills. Here, we provide the first microbiological baseline established for a subarctic region experiencing high oil and gas industry activity, the northeast Atlantic, but with no apparent oil seepage or spillage. We also explore the presence, relative abundances, and seasonal dynamics of indigenous hydrocarbon-degrading communities. These data will advance the development of models to predict the behavior of such organisms in the event of a major oil spill in this region and potentially impact bioremediation strategies by enhancing the activities of these organisms in breaking down the oil.

PRACTICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN PREDICTIVE OCEANOGRAPHY OF BENEFIT TO THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Kerry Black
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Biological Responses

With improvements in equipment, satellite observations and basic knowledge, oceanographers are becoming more effective in predicting or hindcasting coastal and ocean circulation. Advantages which lead to better environmental outcomes for the oil and gas industry which arise from some of these improvements are discussed with case studies drawn from the Great Barrier Reef and Bass Strait. New developments in knowledge are particularly relevant to issues such as dispersal of produced water, oil spill modelling and environmental impact assessment, including a better understanding of the links between physical processes and biological responses. The case studies form part of a comprehensive hydrodynamic database developed on behalf of the Australian Maritime Safety Authority for an effective numerical modelling response to oil spills.

Is there any room for gravity in petroleum exploration? Let's open the door again!

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Sergey Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Gravity Data ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Geophysical Method ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gravity Method ◽  
1960S And 1970S

The seismic method has been thriving in the oil and gas industry for decades. Technological progress in acquisition, processing and interpretation have made it practically the only geophysical method used for petroleum exploration. Unfortunately, gravity, as a pioneering geophysical method appears to have been completely forgotten in Australia’s oil and gas industry. Most of the gravity data in Australia were collected in the 1960s and 1970s. Only government agencies and a few exploration companies have conducted gravity surveys in petroleum basins since that time. Australia’s mostly flat terrain, economical aspects of the gravity method such as low cost and the ability to cover vast underexplored onshore basins in the country, all seem to be positive factors indicating that this method should be commonly used as a part of petroleum exploration. Given the petroleum industry is currently trying hard to make exploration more economically effective, this may be an opportunity to revive the gravity method in petroleum exploration.

Multidimensional Interpolation Filters Development for Risers’ Database Analysis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Pereira Gonçalves ◽  
Edison C. P. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Knowledge Gain ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Interpolation Filters ◽  
Flexible Pipes ◽  
Multidimensional Interpolation ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology

This work presents the application of Artificial Intelligence Technology to a database that stores valuable information about structural analysis results of flexible pipes used in Oil and Gas Industry. The main objective is to create a low-cost computational tool capable to infer structural analysis results that can be used as a preliminary design for flexible pipes. This application uses Data Mining concepts for database preprocessing techniques, learning and prediction, multidimensional interpolation algorithms for knowledge gain. The usefulness and the reliability of this methodology are illustrated by means of numerical examples.

Dichotomising compulsory land acquisition and land contamination valuations

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-288
Author(s):  
Victor A. Akujuru ◽  
Les Ruddock
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Valuation Methods ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Government

Purpose – This study aims at identifying the consequences of adopting statutory rather than market basis in assessing damages due to contamination to land. Most valuations undertaken to assess compensation for damages due to contamination on land are done with valuation methods prescribed by law for the compulsory acquisition of land. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 80 registered valuation firms with experience in both compulsory acquisition and damage assessment participated in a questionnaire survey to ascertain the methods adopted in valuing when determining the compensation payable as damages due to land contamination and the need for a framework for such valuations, in addition to some archival documents relating to the relevant laws and some purposively selected valuation reports, which were reviewed. Findings – The results of the analysis indicate that the use of compulsory acquisition valuation methods results in inadequate damages, which engenders conflicts among the stakeholders. The absence of any framework for damage assessment is responsible for the current practice in the Niger Delta, and it is recommended that international best practices utilising market basis of valuation be adopted. Research limitations/implications – Most valuation methods available are useful for valuing commercial properties regularly traded in the market and not applicable to the Niger Delta, which is mostly rural with very few market transactions. It is expected that this study will enable oil and gas industry operators, professional valuers advising the land owners or operators in the industry and the government to differentiate compensation paid for compulsory acquisition and compensation required to placate those suffering losses due to contamination. Practical implications – The findings will assist professional valuers to be more professional in valuing contaminated land devastated by oil spills. Social implications – Adopting the findings will engender a greater acceptability of the results of valuations undertaken in the wake of an oil spillage disaster and ensure a peaceful environment for the oil operators and the entire populace. Originality/value – The findings of this study are expected to assist policymakers in emerging economies and professional valuers acting in these environments to avoid precipitating crises by adopting inappropriate valuation techniques when assessing damages due to contamination. This study is original and has not been published elsewhere.

scholarly journals Swelling Elastomer Applications in Petroleum Drilling and Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayyad Zahid Qamar ◽  
Maaz Akhtar ◽  
Tasneem Pervez
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Chemical Attack ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Petroleum Drilling ◽  
Resistance To Heat

Oil and gas drilling and development is witnessing new and inventive techniques targeted at increased production from difficult and aging wells. As depth of an oil or gas well increases, higher temperatures and harsher environments are encountered. Suitable elastomers can provide good sealing as they possess good resistance to heat and chemical attack, and as they are widely availability at low cost. In comparison with metals, elastomers are lighter in weight and lesser in stiffness and hardness, swell more with increasing temperature, and are usually better in corrosion resistance. Other reasons for their preference include excellent damping and energy absorption, more flexibility and longer life; good sealing even with moisture, heat, and pressure; negligible toxicity; good moldability; and flexible stiffness. As mentioned in chapter-1, swelling elastomers or gels have found extensive use in different applications including drug delivery, microfluidics, biomedical devices, scaffolds for tissue engineering, biosensors, etc. As the main focus of this book is the oil and gas industry, implementation of swelling elastomer technology and deployment in different petroleum applications are discussed below.

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