scholarly journals Degradation and sorption of the herbicides 2,4-D and quizalofop-P-ethyl and their metabolites in soils from railway tracks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignaz J Buerge ◽  
Pavlina Pavlova ◽  
Irene Hanke ◽  
Astrid Bächli ◽  
Thomas Poiger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Railway Tracks ◽  
Groundwater Assessment ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Construction Works ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

Abstract Background Broad spectrum of activity and low potential for leaching to groundwater are important arguments for the application of the herbicide glyphosate on railway tracks. Nevertheless, certain weeds are insufficiently controlled or develop resistance, and there is also an ongoing controversial discussion about possible carcinogenicity of glyphosate. Alternatives are thus strongly desired. 2,4-D and quizalofop-P-ethyl (QE) are two selective herbicides with a complementary spectrum of activity. When used in agriculture, the compounds and their metabolites exhibit low groundwater contamination potential. Uses on railway tracks may, however, be more critical since degradation likely is slower and mobility higher than in agricultural soils. In this study, we investigated degradation and sorption of the two active substances as well as five metabolites in three soils collected from railway tracks and in a crushed sand, used for construction works.Results In these railway materials, the compounds were indeed degraded slower than in agricultural soils (mean half-lives differed by a factor of 1.4-26, depending on the substance) and mobility was higher (mean sorption coefficients differed by a factor of 3-19). Half-lives and sorption coefficients were also estimated by extrapolation of data from agricultural soils, considering the organic carbon content of railway soils and agricultural soils. Estimated values were more conservative than measured values. Conclusions Based on our experimental data, possible leaching to groundwater is predicted to be highest for 2,4-D and quizalofop-acid, the primary metabolite of QE, moderate for 2,4-dichlorophenol, the primary metabolite of 2,4-D, but low for QE. Secondary and tertiary metabolites were formed in only low quantities. For herbicides, for which no measured parameters are available for railway soils, estimated values may also be a viable alternative for a first tier groundwater assessment.

scholarly journals Degradation and sorption of the herbicides 2,4-D and quizalofop-P-ethyl and their metabolites in soils from railway tracks

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignaz J. Buerge ◽  
Pavlina Pavlova ◽  
Irene Hanke ◽  
Astrid Bächli ◽  
Thomas Poiger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Railway Tracks ◽  
Groundwater Assessment ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Construction Works ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

Abstract Background Broad spectrum of activity and low potential for leaching to groundwater are important arguments for the application of the herbicide glyphosate on railway tracks. Nevertheless, certain weeds are insufficiently controlled or develop resistance, and there is also an ongoing controversial discussion about possible carcinogenicity of glyphosate. Alternatives are thus strongly desired. 2,4-D and quizalofop-P-ethyl (QE) are two selective herbicides with a complementary spectrum of activity. When used in agriculture, the compounds and their metabolites exhibit low groundwater contamination potential. Uses on railway tracks may, however, be more critical, since degradation likely is slower and mobility higher than in agricultural soils. In this study, we investigated degradation and sorption of the two active substances as well as five metabolites in three soils collected from railway tracks and in a crushed sand, used for construction works. Results In these railway materials, the compounds were indeed degraded slower than in agricultural soils (mean half-lives differed by a factor of 1.4–26, depending on the substance) and mobility was higher (mean sorption coefficients differed by a factor of 3–19). Half-lives and sorption coefficients were also estimated by extrapolation of data from agricultural soils, considering the organic carbon content of railway soils and agricultural soils. Estimated values were more conservative than measured values. Conclusions Based on our experimental data, possible leaching to groundwater is predicted to be highest for 2,4-D and quizalofop-acid, the primary metabolite of QE, moderate for 2,4-dichlorophenol, the primary metabolite of 2,4-D, but low for QE. Secondary and tertiary metabolites were formed in only low quantities. For herbicides, for which no measured parameters are available for railway soils, estimated values may also be a viable alternative for a first tier groundwater assessment.

scholarly journals Degradation and sorption of the herbicides 2,4-D and quizalofop-P-ethyl and their metabolites in soils from railway tracks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignaz J Buerge ◽  
Pavlina Pavlova ◽  
Irene Hanke ◽  
Astrid Bächli ◽  
Thomas Poiger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Primary Metabolite ◽  
Railway Tracks ◽  
Groundwater Assessment ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Construction Works ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

Abstract Background: Broad spectrum of activity and low risk of groundwater contamination are important arguments for the application of the herbicide glyphosate on railway tracks. Nevertheless, certain weeds are insufficiently controlled or develop resistance, and there is also an ongoing controversial discussion about possible carcinogenicity of glyphosate. Alternatives are thus strongly desired. 2,4-D and quizalofop-P-ethyl (QE) are two selective herbicides with a complementary spectrum of activity. When used in agriculture, the compounds and their metabolites pose low risk to groundwater. Uses on railway tracks are, however, more critical since degradation likely is slower and mobility higher than in agricultural soils. In this study, we investigated degradation and sorption of the two active substances as well as five metabolites in three soils collected from railway tracks and in a crushed sand, used for construction works.Results: In these railway materials, the compounds were indeed degraded slower than in agricultural soils (mean half-lives differed by a factor of 2-26) and mobility was higher (mean sorption coefficients differed by a factor of 3-19). Half-lives and sorption coefficients were also estimated by extrapolation of data from agricultural soils, considering the organic carbon content of railway soils and agricultural soils. Estimated values were more conservative than measured values, i.e., for herbicides, for which no measured parameters are available for railway soils, estimated values may be a viable alternative for a first tier groundwater assessment.Conclusions: Based on our experimental data, possible leaching to groundwater is predicted to be highest for 2,4-D and quizalofop-acid, the primary metabolite of QE, moderate for 2,4-dichlorophenol, the primary metabolite of 2,4-D, but low for QE. Secondary and tertiary metabolites were formed in only low quantities. For an advanced groundwater risk assessment, leaching studies, e.g., with lysimeters, would be a reasonable next step.

scholarly journals Soil organic carbon in northern Spain (Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria and País Vasco)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elías Luis Calvo ◽  
Francisco Casás Sabarís ◽  
Juan Manuel Galiñanes Costa ◽  
Natividad Matilla Mosquera ◽  
Felipe Macías Vázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Pais Vasco

The soil organic carbon content was analyzed in more than 7 000 soil samples under different land uses, climates and lithologies from northern Spain (Galicia, Asturias, Cantábria y País Vasco). GIS maps (1:50 000) were made of the % SOC and SOC stocks. The % SOC varies according to land use (higher in forest and scrub soils and lower in agricultural soils) and climate, and there is a highly significant correlation between SOC content and mean annual precipitation. There are significant differences between the soils of Galicia/Western Asturias (GA<sub>w</sub>) and those of the rest of the study area (Central and Eastern Asturias, Cantabria and País Vasco) (A<sub>ce</sub>CV), although these are neighbouring regions. In forest and/or scrub soils with a <em>udic</em> soil moisture regime, in GA<sub>w</sub>, the SOC is usually &gt; 7% and the average stocks 260 t ha<sup> -1</sup> (0-30 cm), and &gt;340 t ha<sup>-1</sup> (0-50 cm) in soils with thick organic matter rich horizons (&gt; 40 cm); these values greatly exceed the average contents observed in forest soils from temperate zones. Under similar conditions of vegetation and climate in soils of A<sub>ce</sub>CV the SOC average is 3% and the mean stocks 90-100 t ha<sup>-1</sup> (0-30 cm). The <em>andic</em> character of acid forest soils in GA<sub>w</sub> and the formation of C-Al,Fe complexes are pointed out as the SOC stabilization mechanism, in contrast to the neutral and calcareous soils that predominate in A<sub>ce</sub>CV, where the main species of OC are easily biodegradable.

Sorption of Metribuzin and Metolachlor in Alaskan Subarctic Agricultural Soils

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff S. Graham ◽  
Jeffery S. Conn
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption ◽  
Equilibration Temperature

Adsorption and desorption of metribuzin and metolachlor were studied for 0- to 15- and 30- to 45-cm soil depths and at 5 and 28 C temperatures for two subarctic Alaskan agricultural soils. Surface soils had five to eight times the organic carbon content of deeper soils and had lower Freundlich isotherm slopes (1/n) for both herbicides. Surface soil Freundlich coefficients (Kf) were affected by both soil type and equilibration temperature, with soil type accounting for greater than 80% of the variation in Kf. Surface soil mean Kfvalues ranged from 1.5 to 2.4 for metribuzin and 4.4 to 9.2 for metolachlor. For soils from the 30- to 45-cm depth, neither soil type nor temperature affected Kf. Isotherm slopes for desorption were less than adsorption, indicating hysteresis. Regressions between desorption Kfand maximum herbicide adsorbed prior to desorption were highly significant with coefficients of determination (r2) between 0.50 and 0.99.

Mathematical model of aerobic stabilization of old landfills

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslaw Slezak ◽  
Liliana Krzystek ◽  
Stanisław Ledakowicz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Aeration Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aerobic Stabilization

AbstractA short-term aerobic stabilization of digested waste in the final methane phase was studied. The effect of aeration rate on the reduction of leachate parameters and on the rate of CO2 production and O2 assimilation was investigated. Experimental simulation of aerobic landfill stabilization was carried out using lysimeters. When testing the effect of aeration rate on the reduction of leachate indices (BOD5, COD, N-NH4+), it was reported that the most significant reduction was obtained at the highest rate of aeration and the smallest reduction of leachate indices was attained not at the lowest but at medium aeration rates. Both the rate of CO2 production and the O2 assimilation reached their highest values in the lysimeters aerated at a high rate of aeration. The proposed mathematical model which consists of a system of five differential equations describing CO2 production, O2 assimilation and the changes of organic carbon content in the leachate correspond well with the experimental data.

scholarly journals Laboratory, field and airborne spectroscopy for monitoring organic carbon content in agricultural soils

Geoderma ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 144 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Stevens ◽  
Bas van Wesemael ◽  
Harm Bartholomeus ◽  
Damien Rosillon ◽  
Bernard Tychon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

scholarly journals Study of cyantraniliprole sorption in soils of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Victoria Kolupaeva ◽  
Inna Nyukhina ◽  
Aleksandra Belik
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Equilibrium Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Active Substances

The sorption of the new insecticide cyantraniliprole was studied by the batch equilibrium method. The study of quantitative characteristics of cyantraniliprole sorption by the soils of different types showed that this process is well described by linear isotherms. According to obtained values of Koc, cyantraniliprole belongs to medium-mobility active substances of pesticides. The sorption value of cyantraniliprole was closely correlated with the content of organic carbon and clay. The regression equation of the dependence of Kd on soil organic carbon content was obtained.

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