scholarly journals Development of a New Screening Method “Allele Matching Cut Off Score (AMCOS)” for Faster Kinship Analysis in Cases of Mass Disasters: A Proof of Concept Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Kakkar ◽  
Phulen Sarma ◽  
Inusha Pannigrihi ◽  
S. P. Mandal ◽  
R. K. Kumawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
Str Markers ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Matching Score ◽  
Mass Disasters ◽  
Shared Alleles

Abstract kinship analysis in forensic is based on calculation of respective kinship indices. But calculation of the same is possible only when the subject under identification has been associated to a particular population whose gene frequency data is available for the particular set of markers used in forensic practices. In case of the mass disasters where a huge number of individuals are to be identified, gathering the population frequency data and calculating the kinship indices can be an intricate progression requiring a lot of time and huge resources. The present study is based on allele matching score values which doesn’t require the use of allele frequency data to establish kinship. This method is based on the allele sharing approach which simply refers to the number of shared alleles (1 or 2) between two individuals; also known as identical by state (IBS) alleles which might have been inherited from a recent common ancestor in which the alleles are identical by descendent (IBD). In case of mass disasters this method can be used to narrow down the investigation by screening the number of related individuals which can further be confirmed with other tests if required. This method has been tested for various statistical parameters and has shown promising values which suggests the potential use of this method in forensic practice. This method has been tested on siblings and grandparent-grandchildren by using autosomal and X-STR markers both as the reference samples from parents can’t always be available. The present study also compares the results shown by autosomal and X-STR markers in siblings and grandparent-grandchildren identification, thereby suggesting the better set of markers for siblings and grandparent-grandchildren identification.

STR Markers for Kinship Analysis

Human Biology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wilkening ◽  
Bowang Chen ◽  
Kari Hemminki ◽  
Asta Forsti
Keyword(s):  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
Str Markers

scholarly journals Pose Estimation in Noncontinuous Video Sequences Using Evolutionary Correlation Filtering

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenia Picos ◽  
Ulises Orozco-Rosas ◽  
Victor H. Díaz-Ramírez ◽  
Oscar Montiel
Keyword(s):  
Pose Estimation ◽  
Filter Bank ◽  
Motion Blur ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Objective Metrics ◽  
Cluttered Background ◽  
Matching Score ◽  
Correlation Filtering

In this paper, we propose an evolutionary correlation filtering approach for solving pose estimation in noncontinuous video sequences. The proposed algorithm computes the linear correlation between the input scene containing a target in an unknown environment and a bank of matched filters constructed from multiple views of the target and estimates of statistical parameters of the scene. An evolutionary approach for finding the optimal filter that produces the highest matching score in the correlator is implemented. The parameters of the filter bank evolve through generations to refine the quality of pose estimation. The obtained results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed algorithm in challenging image conditions such as noise, cluttered background, abrupt pose changes, and motion blur. The performance of the proposed algorithm yields high accuracy in terms of objective metrics for pose estimation in noncontinuous video sequences.

scholarly journals Annual and seasonal variability of wet day frequency in West Bengal, India

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-722
Author(s):  
S. G. PATIL ◽  
A. MAJUMDER
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Parametric Approach ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Coefficient Of Skewness ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis

The monthly wet day frequency data of West Bengal for period 1901-2000 were analyzed to know annual and seasonal variability over decades along with annual, pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter trends. The non-parametric approach (Mann-Kendall) revealed that the most of the districts shows the decreasing trend during monsoon and increasing trend during pre, post monsoon and in winter season. The changes observed in the statistical parameters (mean, SD, coefficient of skewness and kurtosis) during different decades which reflect the changing pattern of wet-day frequency in West Bengal.

scholarly journals Development of New Microsatellite (STR) Markers for Montagu’s Harrier (Circus pygargus) via 454 Shot-Gun Pyrosequencing

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Janowski ◽  
Markus A. Grohme ◽  
Marcus Frohme ◽  
Michael Wink
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
Str Markers ◽  
Circus Pygargus ◽  
Nest Protection ◽  
Montagu’S Harrier ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Montagu's Harrier

During the last decades the ground-breeding Montagu’s harrier (Circus pygargus, Linnaeus, 1758) has changed its breeding habitats in Europe to agricultural areas in which many local populations would be close to extinction without a special nest protection regime. Although Montagu’s harrier is a well-studied species in terms of ecology and breeding biology, its genetic structure and population genetics are almost unknown. As there is a lack of good genetic markers we developed a set of 19 microsatellite markers comprising 16 new STR markers which were identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) using 454 shot-gun pyrosequencing of genomic DNA. The STR markers were arranged into three multiplex PCR sets for high throughput genotyping and characterised. The marker set provides a powerful tool for kinship analysis. The combined non-exclusion probability for parent pairs was 1.13*10-11. Only three loci showed PIC values < 0.50. In total, 121 known family relationships were compared with genetically calculated ones to test the markers suitability for parentage analysis. In 97.5% of all cases full-sibships were accurately determined and 97.6% of all mothers were assigned correctly to their chicks. The present multiplex PCR panels can be used to investigate several hypotheses concerning breeding behaviour, kinship, exchange rates between populations and phylogeography.

scholarly journals Molecular analysis for sex determination in forensic dentistry: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaerita Maulani ◽  
Elza Ibrahim Auerkari
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Forensic Dentistry ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Mass Disasters ◽  
Rate Of Success

Abstract Background Sex determination can be useful in forensic casework, such as in mass disasters, transportation accidents, and cases of a missing person or sexual assault. The remnants of the body can be traced by DNA of the victim, using samples from various sources such as teeth, oral epithelial tissue, and saliva. Main body The review aimed to describe research in forensic dentistry with DNA source from the oral region and methods of the applied DNA analysis. A search in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus electronic databases from 2009 to 2019 was conducted to include studies according to PRISMA guidelines. Ten studies were eligible for the review. Genetic markers originated from dentin, dental pulp, saliva, or epithelial cells from buccal tissue and prosthesis. The applied DNA analysis methods were PCR, real-time PCR, and nested PCR. Conclusions The published articles mostly showed successful DNA extraction and sex determination, but the rate of success declined as the sample source underwent manipulation to mimic the forensic conditions. Amelogenin, SRY, and DYS14 were reliable indicators for sex determination. Molecular analysis has proved to be efficient and accurate, but the daily forensic practice must select the most appropriate method according to the available body remnants.

scholarly journals Content based Image Retrieval using Statistical Parameters of a Medical Image

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3649-3653
Keyword(s):  
Image Retrieval ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Content Based Image Retrieval ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Query Image ◽  
Similar Images ◽  
Matching Score ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Given

We present a framework that permits in classifying medical images so as to recognize conceivable diseases that affected. This is done by Image retrieval from the collection of dataset by inputting the query image. Content based Image retrieval (CBIR) is the way toward seeking comparable pictures from a picture database dependent on the visual substance of the given query image. Even though some studies present general method in image extraction, there are no efficient methods in medical image retrieval with accuracy. To overcome and to eliminate these flaws our proposed CBIR method examined with the accurate and efficient way for feature extraction from medical images. The images used are grey scale image. The dataset holds the n number of images related to medical particularly brain tumor images. To retrieve the related images from the dataset and get the corresponding details, image is given as an input i.e., query image. Initially, the query image is analyzed by shape, texture and histogram and the result obtained from this is compared with the similar images in dataset. The similarities between the images are found by implementing the Matching Score algorithm. This algorithm provides accuracy in matching the image that helps greatly at the time of classification. The results of computation is said to be the features for the given image. Also the cost for processing the image is comparatively low. The technique has been examined on standard image dataset and satisfactory results have been achieved

An integrated screening method for evaluating the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particulates: Role of microscopic techniques in assessing pulmonary macrophage clearance functions

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-827
Author(s):  
David B. Warheit ◽  
Lena Achinko ◽  
Mark A. Hartsky
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Pulmonary Toxicity ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Pulmonary Response ◽  
Inhaled Particles ◽  
Cytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pulmonary Macrophages ◽  
Integrated Screening

There is a great need for the development of a rapid and reliable bioassay to evaluate the pulmonary toxicity of inhaled particles. A number of methods have been proposed, including lung clearance studies, bronchoalveolar lavage analysis, and in vitro cytotoxicity tests. These methods are often limited in scope inasmuch as they measure only one dimension of the pulmonary response to inhaled, instilled or incubated dusts. Accordingly, a comprehensive approach to lung toxicity studies has been developed.To validate the method, rats were exposed for 6 hours or 3 days to various concentrations of either aerosolized alpha quartz silica (Si) or carbonyl iron (CI) particles. Cells and fluids from groups of sham and dust-exposed animals were recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Alkaline phosphatase, LDH and protein values were measured in BAL fluids at several time points postexposure. Cells were counted and evaluated for viability, as well as differential and cytochemical analysis. In addition, pulmonary macrophages (PM) were cultured and studied for morphology, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis by scanning electron microscopy.

Statistical parameters of the indicating surface of natural reflectance for biaxial transparent media

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1661-1670
Author(s):  
Jos&#x000E9; Manuel Din Eiro ◽  
Santiago Alfonso ◽  
Coro Alberdi ◽  
Miguel Berrogui
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Transparent Media
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