Rating Opportunity for Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Initiation Index (ROLIN)

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric condition with devastating consequences for the individual's functionality and leading to severe disability. Lack of insight and non-adherence to treatment remain the most important factors in the progression of the disease to chronicity. Despite their proven effectiveness in preventing relapses, reducing morbidity and mortality, long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) are still underused. One of the causes invoked is the lack of guidelines or protocols for initiating LAIs.Objective: The aim of this article is to present Rating Opportunity for Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotic Initiation Index (ROLIN), a clinician-rated index that rates the important factors of the disorder across seven items: age, duration of illness, relapses, antipsychotic treatment response, family support, antipsychotic existing formulation and adherence.Method: A retrospective study in which all patients with schizophrenia discharged on oral antipsychotics without LAIs treatment lifetime were evaluated with ROLIN for opportunity for LAIs initiation.Results: Of 225 consecutive patients, 126 patients (56%) had a strong indication for initiating LAI (score between 25 and 35). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for checking the normal distribution of values (95% CI for the mean = 9.5781 to 20.4219; 95% CI for the median = 6.5920 to 24.8161; SD = 9.7907; Coefficient of Skewness = 0.0743; Coefficient of Kurtosis = −1.1377).Conclusion: This paper proposed an instrument designed to improve treatment in schizophrenia using a simple conceptual model which integrates important predictors of good or poor outcomes.

Annual and seasonal variability of wet day frequency in West Bengal, India

The monthly wet day frequency data of West Bengal for period 1901-2000 were analyzed to know annual and seasonal variability over decades along with annual, pre-monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter trends. The non-parametric approach (Mann-Kendall) revealed that the most of the districts shows the decreasing trend during monsoon and increasing trend during pre, post monsoon and in winter season. The changes observed in the statistical parameters (mean, SD, coefficient of skewness and kurtosis) during different decades which reflect the changing pattern of wet-day frequency in West Bengal.

Population structure of understory, canopy/emergent tree species in Brazilian Atlantic Forest remnants with different Conservation status

The size and spatial structures of populations are a synthesis of demographic attributes and indicators of competitive ability, colonization, and survival. In this study, the objective was to analyze the height and spatial pattern of an understory and canopy/emergent tree populations group in two protected fragments of seasonal semideciduous forest, one with a history of selective logging and another without selective logging evidences. Six species with high importance values (IV) from different guilds were selected and height and spatial pattern analysis was realized in both areas. Then, comparison of results was realized in an area with history of selective logging and another without selective logging evidences. Differences in height and spatial pattern were found between the two areas, including species not directly exploited. In Logged Forest the size structure for all species presented a higher coefficient of skewness, showing a greater proportion of young trees. Random distribution was observed for the majority of species in both areas. Some emergent/canopy species had a deficit of individuals in the largest size classes and the majority of understory species showed more individuals in Logged Forest. Selective Logging changed the pattern of populations. Selecting species based on IV together with spatial patterns data contribute to demonstrating the impacts of exploitation. The Logged Forest is surrounded by an agricultural matrix, limiting arrival and dispersion of propagules of shade-tolerant species. Efforts to connect surroundings fragments to Logged Forest will be necessary.

The Impact of Stock Price Crash Risk on the Cost of Capital: Empirical Study from China

This study analysed the effect of Sock Price Crash Risk (SPCR) on the cost of capital in Chinese listed firms in the Shenzhen stock exchange and the shanghai Stock Exchange. A sample of 290 firms based on the highest value of assets of each firm was used. The cost of capital consists of two factors; the cost of equity (COE) and the cost of debt (COD). The SPCR is measured by using two statistics, one is NCSKEW means the negative coefficient of skewness of the firm-specific weekly returns and the second is DUVOL that means Down to-Up Volatility used to measure the crash likelihood weekly return of firm-specific and used the Modified PEG ratio model of Eston approach to measuring the cost of equity. We used panel data to run the regression model analyses. SPCR was found to have a significantly positive relationship with the cost of equity and cost of debt. Also, the sample was divided into the State-Owned enterprise (SOEs) and Non-State-Owned enterprises (NSOEs) for comparison. The results show that the impact of SPCR on the COE and COD is stronger in SOEs than NSOEs. The regulators need to improve and strengthen the development of laws and regulations related to company information disclosure, to reduce the cost of capital of listed companies and improve the efficiency of financing the Chinese capital market. Companies need to work together to strengthen internal controls, create a good disclosure environment, and prevent the SPCR.

Tornumonkpe Distribution: Statistical Properties and Goodness of Fit

A new sole parameter probability distribution named the Tornumonkpe distribution has been derived in this paper. The new model is a blend of gamma (2, and gamma(3 distributions. The shape of its density for different values of the parameter has been shown. The mathematical expression for the moment generating function, the first three raw moments, the second and third moments about the mean, the distribution of order statistics, coefficient of variation and coefficient of skewness has been given. The parameter of the new distribution was estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. The goodness of fit of the Tornumonkpe distribution was established by fitting the distribution to three real life data sets. Using -2lnL, Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), and Akaike Information Criterion(AIC) as criterial for selecting the best fitting model, it was revealed that the new distribution outperforms the one parameter exponential, Shanker and Amarendra distributions for the data sets used.

COMPUTATION OF KARL PEARSON'S COEFFICIENT OF SKEWNESS AND BOWLEY'S COEFFICIENT OF SKEWNESS BETWEEN RAINFALLAND GROUND WATER LEVELS - A CASE STUDY

Present paper deals with the Computation of Karl Pearson's Coefcient of Skewness (SK ) and Bowley's Coefcient of Skewness (SK ) to analyze P B Rainfall (RF) and Ground Water Levels (GWLs) in Anantapuramu district based on the data collected from January 2007 to December 2016. For the purpose of analysis the district is divided into ve Zones or Revenue Divisions (RD) namely, 1. Anantapuramu RD 2. Penukonda RD 3. Kadiri RD 4. Kalyandurg RD 5. Dharmavaram RD. I have calculated for the Karl Pearson's Coefcient of Skewness (SK ) and Bowley's Coefcient of P Skewness (SK ) between Rainfall and Ground Water Levels and compared among them by using the data.

Marshall-Olkin Lehmann Lomax Distribution: Theory, Statistical Properties, Copulas and Real Data Modeling

In this work, a new four-parameter lifetime probability distribution called the Marshall-Olkin Lehmann Lomax distribution is defined and studied. The density function of the new distribution "asymmetric right skewed" and "symmetric" and the corresponding hazard rate can be monotonically increasing, increasing-constant, constant, upside down and monotonically decreasing. The coefficient of skewness can be negative and positive. We derive some new bivariate versions via Farlie Gumbel Morgenstern family, modified Farlie Gumbel Morgenstern family, Clayton Copula and Renyi's entropy.The method of maximum likelihood is used to estimate the unknown parameters. Using "biases" and "mean squared errors", a simulation study is performed for assessing the finite behavior of the maximum likelihood estimators.

Comparative analysis of Activated Corn Cob and Bentonite Clay for the Removal of Lead and Nickel from Raw Water

The extensive use of commercial activated carbon as an adsorbent for the purification of industrial effluent is not economical for small and medium-sized enterprises due to its high operational cost. This study was carried out to compare the adsorptive capacity of bentonite clay and activated corn cob (“BC” and “ACC”) for the removal of lead (II) and nickel (II) ions from an aqueous solution. The results obtained from the characterization of the BC and ACC are pH: 7.43 and 6.74; moisture content: 36.45kg/kg and 12.10kg/kg, and bulk density: 1.243g/ml and 1.162g/ml, respectively. Normality tests using the coefficient of skewness indicated that the set of data was not normally distributed. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test conducted using Friedman’s 2-way ANOVA test indicated p values of 0.0253 against an alpha value of 0.05, which indicates significance. The Friedman results indicated significance with respect to the varied dosages, initial concentrations, and contact time. The effect of the adsorbent was not significant. The adsorption isotherms were analysed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms. Most research studies have shown that adsorption experiments performed using most low-cost materials tend to follow the Freundlich adsorption isotherm, but the results of this experimental study proved that activated corn cob and bentonite clay performed better with the Temkin adsorption isotherm with 0.879 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.917 for the bentonite clay and 0.9572 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.99 for the activated corn cob respectively. The study revealed that these materials are good adsorbents that can be used for the removal of lead (II) and nickel (II) ions from an aqueous solution.

Statistical Properties & Different Methods Of Estimation Of A New Extended Weighted Frechet Distribution.

In this paper, we introduce a new distribution is called the extended weighted Frechet distribution, which we obtain by applying the Azzalini method and deduced some statistical properties such as mean, variance, coefficients of variation, coefficient of skewness, and coefficient of kurtosis. The parameters of the new distribution were estimated by the following estimation methods: Maximum Likelihood Method (MLE) and percentile method. We used the Monte Carlo simulation to compare the performances of the proposed estimators obtained through methods of estimation.

Meandering channels over ice: Cooler and unique?

<p>Experimental work on small-scale meltwater meandering channels over ice and field observations have identified similarities and differences between their planform morphologies and those of meandering channels in other media (e.g. alluvial, bedrock). Qualitatively and quantitatively, planform characteristics, including sinuosity, wavelength-to-width ratios, coefficient of skewness and fatness, suggest that most meandering channels behave in certain ways and within certain ranges. However, what makes meltwater meandering channels over ice unique? In this contribution, I highlight the different aspects that set meltwater meandering channels over ice apart from meandering channels in other media and share ongoing work focusing in their planform morphologies, curvature signals, and cross section geometry.</p>