Do Bio-Insecticides Affect Only Insect Species? Behavior, Regeneration and Sexual Reproduction of A Non-Target Freshwater Planarian

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Cristina Rezende Silva ◽  
Aline Silvestre Pereira Dornelas ◽  
Althiéris de Souza Saraiva ◽  
Carlos Gravato ◽  
João Luís Teixeira Pestana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Environmental Concentration ◽  
Freshwater Planarian ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Fecundity Rate ◽  
Freshwater Organisms ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
Feeding Activities

Abstract Bio-insecticides have been increasingly used worldwide as ecofriendly alternatives to pesticides, but data on their effects in non-target freshwater organisms is still scarce and limited to insects. The aim of this study was to determine the lethal and sub-lethal effects of the bio-insecticides Bac Control (based on Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki - Btk) and Boveril (based on Beauveria bassiana - Bb) on regeneration, behavioral and reproductive endpoints of the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina. The estimated LC50 − 48h were > 800 mg a.i./L for Btk and 60.74 mg a.i./L for Bb. In addition, exposure to Btk significantly decreased locomotion and feeding activities of planarians (lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) of 12.5 mg a.i./L Btk) and fecundity rate (LOEC = 3.12 mg a.i./L Btk), whereas exposure to Bb significantly delayed regeneration (LOEC = 0.75 mg a.i./L Bb) and decreased fecundity rate (1.5 mg a.i./L Bb) of planarians. Thus, both bio-insecticides induced deleterious sub-lethal effects on a non-insect freshwater invertebrate species. However, only Bb-based formulation affected the survival, fecundity rate and regeneration at concentrations below the maximum predicted environmental concentration (PEC = 247 mg/L). Thus, care should be taken when using such formulations as alternatives to chemical insecticides near aquatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Predictive ecological risk assessment of pesticide mixtures in Mediterranean porous aquifers

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Di Lorenzo ◽  
Marco Cifoni ◽  
Barbara Fiasca ◽  
Alessia Di Cioccio ◽  
Diana Galassi
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Concentration Addition ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Risk Quotient ◽  
Environmental Concentration ◽  
Pesticide Mixtures ◽  
Abruzzo Region ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
Porous Aquifers

The ecological risk assessment (ERA) of chemical substances is based on the premise that the protection of the most sensitive taxon safeguards the overall community. Given the severe scarcity of ecotoxicological data concerning groundwater species, we felt urged to consider epigean model species’ sensitivity data to determine the safe pesticide concentrations for obligate groundwater dwelling species. To this end, we performed the ERA of pesticide mixtures occurring in eleven Mediterranean porous aquifers (Abruzzo region; central Italy). The evaluation was based on data collected between 2010 and 2015 by the environmental protection agency of Abruzzo region (ARTA Abruzzo) and included 42 pesticides and 1953 samples. We applied a step-wise procedure: we used the Measured Environmental Concentration (MEC); we estimated the Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) and we established the ecological risk as Risk Quotient (RQ) based on the ∑MECi/PNECi ratio following a concentration addition model for mixtures’ toxicity. we used the Measured Environmental Concentration (MEC); we estimated the Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC) and we established the ecological risk as Risk Quotient (RQ) based on the ∑MECi/PNECi ratio following a concentration addition model for mixtures’ toxicity. The PNEC was regarded as the concentration below which a harmful effect will most likely not occur to the groundwater dwelling fauna. The toxicity data used to compute the PNEC values were obtained from the US. EPA ECOTOX database confining the search to epigean crustaceans. Missing toxicity data were estimated by ECOSAR v.1.11. PNEC values were calculated by dividing the lowest short-term L(E)C50 value (that refers to the concentration at which 50% of its maximal effect was observed in test species) by appropriate assessment factors (AF). The AF values were selected according to the difference in the sensitivities of groundwater and epigean crustaceans derived from the available studies. Groundwater crustacean species were generally less sensitive to acute exposure to chemicals than the model species Daphnia magna. However, they were more sensitive than their epigean relatives when the comparisons were made among organisms sharing the same family/order. This result suggests caution when inferring the sensitivity of groundwater species from that of epigean taxa. The ecological risk was scored using a binary ecological classification suggesting that appreciable risk is likely when RQ≥1. Pesticide mixture risks were often driven by a minimum of 2 to 11 compounds in the eleven aquifers of Abruzzo region. However, the risk-drivers (i.e., individual pesticides explaining the largest share of potential effects) differed substantially among the aquifers. The results of this study have been published by Di Lorenzo et al. (2018).

Ceasefire: minimal aggression among Murray River crayfish feeding upon patches of allochthonous material

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danswell Starrs ◽  
Brendan C. Ebner ◽  
Christopher J. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Fine Woody Debris ◽  
Trophic Pathways ◽  
Murray River ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate

Transport and processing of allochthonous material is crucial for trophic pathways in headwater streams. Freshwater crayfish are known to affect and exploit the break-down of in-stream terrestrial plant material into detritus. We recorded Euastacus armatus (Murray River crayfish) individuals feeding on discrete patches of allochthonous material within an unregulated section of the Goodradigbee River, an upland stream in temperate Australia. Despite suggestions of aggressive territoriality, E. armatus were observed by remote and manual underwater filming to feed in non-aggressive aggregations on these piles of fine woody debris and leaf litter. On the basis of observations of 25 individuals found in the vicinity of the allochthonous patches, this population comprised mostly female individuals at smaller sizes of maturity than has been recorded for lowland populations of E. armatus. Our study confirms the importance of concentrated allochthonous food patches for detritivores, and points to the important trophic linkage between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems via a widespread and iconic freshwater invertebrate. Moreover, these non-aggressive feeding aggregations of E. armatus challenge notions of aggression in this species that have been developed in small-scale aquarium studies.

Salinisation and prospects for biodiversity in rivers and wetlands of south-west Western Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Halse ◽  
J. K. Ruprecht ◽  
A. M. Pinder
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
South West ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Water Volumes ◽  
Western Australian

Saline water was common in south-west Western Australian aquatic systems prior to land-clearing because most streams and wetlands were ephemeral and evapo-concentrated as they dried, and there were high concentrations of stored salt in groundwater and soil profiles. Nevertheless, a 1998 review of salinity trends in rivers of south-west Western Australia showed that 20-fold increases in salinity concentrations had occurred since clearing in the medium-rainfall zone (300–700 mm). More recent data confirm these trends and show that elevated salinities have already caused substantial changes to the biological communities of aquatic ecosystems. Further substantial changes will occur, despite the flora and fauna of the south-west being comparatively well adapted to the presence of salinity in the landscape. Up to one-third of wetland and river invertebrate species, large numbers of plants and a substantial proportion of the waterbird fauna will disappear from the wheatbelt, a region that has high biodiversity value and endemism. Increased salinities are not the only threat associated with salinisation: increased water volumes, longer periods of inundation and more widespread acidity are also likely to be detrimental to the biota.

Toxicity bioassays of cadmium on selected freshwater invertebrates and the interaction of cadmium and zinc on the freshwater shrimp, Paratya tasmaniensis Riek

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Thorp ◽  
PS Lake
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Toxic Unit ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrates ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate

In acute toxicity bioassays with cadmium sulphate at 15� C in soft water (total hardness 10 mg/l as calcium carbonate), the concentrations fatal to 50 % of the test animals were determined for five freshwater invertebrate species. The 96 hr median lethal concentration (LC50) of cadmium was 0.04 mg/l for the amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis Sayce, 0.06 mg/l for the shrimp Paratya tasmaniensis Riek, 0.84 mg/l for the ephemeropteran nymph Atalophlebia australis Walker, 250 mg/l for the zygopteran nymph Ischnura heterosticta (Burmeister) and well over 2000 mg/l for a trichopteran larva of the Leptoceridae. The bioassays on Paratya indicared that there may be seasonal differences in sensitivity to cadmium. The 96 hr LC50 for zinc for Paratya was 1.21 mg/l. Zinc and cadmium appeared to interact less than additively at concentrations below 1 toxic unit. Above this concentration, their interaction was strictly additive.

scholarly journals Ranking Ecological Risk of Metals to Freshwater Organisms in Lake Taihu, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Yalin Du ◽  
Fuhong Sun ◽  
Xinmiao Deng ◽  
Hong Chang
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Lake Taihu ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Probabilistic Methods ◽  
High Toxicity ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Freshwater Organisms ◽  
Lead And Zinc

Due to the persistence and the high toxicity of metals to many aquatic organisms, metals in aquatic ecosystems have attracted considerable attention. The objective of the present study was to rank metals in Lake Taihu based on the threat they pose to aquatic organisms. The method involved the assessment of the risks of metals to native aquatic organisms and the potential influence of concentration distributions. Both quotient and probabilistic methods were used to rank the risks of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper (Cu), mercury, manganese, nickel (Ni), lead, and zinc (Zn). Based on the probabilistic method, Cu, Ni, and Zn were the metals of great concern, with Cu posing the highest risk.

scholarly journals AQUALIFE Software: A New Tool for a Standardized Ecological Assessment of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Strona ◽  
Simone Fattorini ◽  
Barbara Fiasca ◽  
Tiziana Di Lorenzo ◽  
Mattia Di Cicco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Tolerance Limits ◽  
Lotic Systems ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Subsurface Zone ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate ◽  
Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems

We introduce a suite of software tools aimed at investigating multiple bio-ecological facets of aquatic Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs). The suite focuses on: (1) threats posed by pollutants to GDE invertebrates (Ecological Risk, ER); (2) threats posed by hydrological and hydromorphological alterations on the subsurface zone of lotic systems and groundwater-fed springs (Hydrological-Hydromorphological Risk, HHR); and (3) the conservation priority of GDE communities (Groundwater Biodiversity Concern index, GBC). The ER is assessed by comparing tolerance limits of invertebrate species to specific pollutants with the maximum observed concentration of the same pollutants at the target site(s). Comparison is based on an original, comprehensive dataset including the most updated information on tolerance to 116 pollutants for 474 freshwater invertebrate species. The HHR is assessed by accounting for the main direct and indirect effects on both the hyporheic zone of lotic systems and groundwater-fed springs, and by scoring each impact according to the potential effect on subsurface invertebrates. Finally, the GBC index is computed on the basis of the taxonomical composition of a target community, and allows the evaluation of its conservation priority in comparison to others.

Lethal and sub-lethal effects of cyproconazole on freshwater organisms: a case study with Chironomus riparius and Dugesia tigrina

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 12169-12176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Althiéris S. Saraiva ◽  
Renato A. Sarmento ◽  
Oksana Golovko ◽  
Tomas Randak ◽  
João L. T. Pestana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chironomus Riparius ◽  
Lethal Effects ◽  
Dugesia Tigrina ◽  
Freshwater Organisms

scholarly journals Effects of Subchronic Exposure of Diclofenac on Growth, Histopathological Changes, and Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Praskova ◽  
Lucie Plhalova ◽  
Lucie Chromcova ◽  
Stanislava Stepanova ◽  
Iveta Bedanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Environmental Concentration ◽  
Subchronic Exposure ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of subchronic exposure to sublethal levels of diclofenac on growth, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes inDanio rerio. The juvenile growth tests were performed onDanio rerioaccording to OECD method number 215. Fish at the age of 20 days were exposed to the diclofenac environmental concentration commonly detected in the Czech rivers (0.02 mg L−1) and the range of sublethal concentrations of diclofenac (5, 15, 30, and 60 mg L−1) for 28 days. A significant decrease (P<0.01) in the fish growth caused by diclofenac was observed in the concentrations of 30 and 60 mg L−1. The identified value of LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration) was 15 mg L−1of diclofenac and NOEC (no observed effect concentration) value was 5 mg L−1of diclofenac. We did not find histopathological changes and changes of selected parameters of oxidative stress (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase) in tested fish. The environmental concentration of diclofenac in Czech rivers did not have any effect on growth, selected oxidative stress parameters (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase), or histopathological changes inDanio reriobut it could have an influence on lipid peroxidation.

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