scholarly journals Immediate and legacy effects of snow exclusion on soil fungal diversity and community composition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenfeng Xu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yuzhi Ren ◽  
Kaijun Yang ◽  
Zhijie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
Tibetan Forest

Abstract Background: Soil fungi play crucial roles in ecosystem functions. However, how snow cover change associated with winter warming affects soil fungal communities remains unclear in the Tibetan forest.Methods: We conducted a snow manipulation experiment to explore immediate and legacy effects of snow exclusion on soil fungal community diversity and composition in a spruce forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Soil fungal communities were performed by the high throughput sequencing of gene-fragments.Results: Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the two dominant fungal phyla and Archaeorhizomyces, Aspergillus and Amanita were the three most common genera across seasons and snow manipulations. Snow exclusion did not affect the diversity and structure of soil fungal community in both snow-covered and snow-free seasons. However, the relative abundance of some fungal communities was different among seasons. Soil fungal groups were correlated with environmental factors (i.e., temperature and moisture) and soil biochemical variables (i.e., ammonium and enzyme).Conclusions: These results suggest that the season-driven variations had stronger impacts on soil fungal community than short-term snow cover change. Such findings may have important implications for soil microbial processes in Tibetan forests experiencing significant decreases in snowfall.

scholarly journals Immediate and legacy effects of snow exclusion on soil fungal diversity and community composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yuzhi Ren ◽  
Kaijun Yang ◽  
Zhijie Li ◽  
Bo Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
Tibetan Forest

Abstract Background Soil fungi play crucial roles in ecosystem functions. However, how snow cover change associated with winter warming affects soil fungal communities remains unclear in the Tibetan forest. Methods We conducted a snow manipulation experiment to explore immediate and legacy effects of snow exclusion on soil fungal community diversity and composition in a spruce forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Soil fungal communities were performed by the high throughput sequencing of gene-fragments. Results Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the two dominant fungal phyla and Archaeorhizomyces, Aspergillus and Amanita were the three most common genera across seasons and snow manipulations. Snow exclusion did not affect the diversity and structure of soil fungal community in both snow-covered and snow-free seasons. However, the relative abundance of some fungal communities was different among seasons. Soil fungal groups were correlated with environmental factors (i.e., temperature and moisture) and soil biochemical variables (i.e., ammonium and enzyme). Conclusions These results suggest that the season-driven variations had stronger impacts on soil fungal community than short-term snow cover change. Such findings may have important implications for soil microbial processes in Tibetan forests experiencing significant decreases in snowfall.

scholarly journals Immediate and legacy effects of snow exclusion on soil fungal diversity and community composition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenfeng Xu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yuzhi Ren ◽  
Kaijun Yang ◽  
Zhijie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Fungal Community

Abstract Background: Soil fungi play crucial roles in ecosystem functions. However, how snow cover change associated with winter warming affects soil fungal communities remains unclear in the Tibetan forest.Methods: We conducted a snow manipulation experiment to explore immediate and legacy effects of snow exclusion on soil fungal community diversity and composition in a spruce forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. SoilThe fungal communities were performed by the high throughput sequencing of gene-fragments amplified from forest soil DNA.Results: We found that the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the two dominant fungal phyla and Archaeorhizomyces, Aspergillus and Amanita were the three most common genera across seasons and snow manipulations. Snow exclusion did not affect the diversity and structure of soil fungal community in both snow-covered and snow-free seasons. However, the relative abundance of some fungal communities was different among seasons. Soil fungal groups were correlated with environmental factors (i.e., temperature and moisture) and soil biochemical variables (i.e., ammonium and enzyme).Conclusions: These results suggest that the season-driven variations had stronger impacts on soil fungal community than short-term snow cover change. Such findings may have important implications for soil microbial processes in Tibetan forests experiencing significant decreases in snowfall.

scholarly journals Immediate and Legacy Effects of Snow Exclusion on Soil Fungal Diversity and Community Composition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Yuzhi Ren ◽  
Kaijun Yang ◽  
Zhijie Li ◽  
Bo Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Soil Dna ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Fungal Community

Abstract Background: Soil fungi play crucial roles in ecosystem functions. However, how snow cover change associated with winter warming affects soil fungal communities remains unclear in the Tibetan forest.Methods: We conducted a snow manipulation experiment to explore immediate and legacy effects of snow exclusion on soil fungal community diversity and composition in a spruce forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The fungal communities were performed by the high throughput sequencing of gene-fragments amplified from forest soil DNA.Results: We found that the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the two dominant fungal phyla and Archaeorhizomyces, Aspergillus and Amanita were the three most common genera across seasons and snow manipulations. Snow exclusion did not affect the diversity and structure of soil fungal community in both snow-covered and snow-free seasons. However, the relative abundance of some fungal communities was different among seasons. Soil fungal groups were correlated with environmental factors (i.e., temperature and moisture) and soil biochemical variables (i.e., ammonium and enzyme).Conclusions: These results suggest that the season-driven variations had stronger impacts on soil fungal community than short-term snow cover change. Such findings may have important implications for soil microbial processes in Tibetan forests experiencing significant decreases in snowfall.

scholarly journals Contrasting Patterns and Drivers of Soil Fungal Communities between Two Ecosystems Divided by the Treeline

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2280
Author(s):  
Xueying Wang ◽  
Guixiang Li ◽  
Yuxin Zhang ◽  
Keming Ma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
Soil Fungal Community Composition

The treeline is a sensitive region of the terrestrial ecosystem responding to climate change. However, studies on the composition and formation mechanisms of soil fungal communities across the treeline are still lacking. In this study, we investigated the patterns of soil fungal community composition and interactions among functional guilds above and below the treeline using Illumina high-throughput sequencing and ecological network analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in the soil environment and soil fungal community composition between the two ecosystems above and below the treeline. At the local scale of this study, geographic distance and environmental factors affected the composition of the soil fungal community. Soil temperature was an important environmental predictor of soil fungal community composition. Species in soil fungal communities in the subalpine meadow were more closely related to each other compared to those in the montane forest. Furthermore, the soil fungal community in montane forest was more stable. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how mountain ecological functions respond to global climate change.

scholarly journals Insights into the Fungal Community and Functional Roles of Pepper Rhizosphere Soil under Plastic Shed Cultivation

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Shi Yao ◽  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Hu Cheng ◽  
Kaining Sun ◽  
Xin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Abundance Variation

The rhizosphere fungal community is essential for determining plant health and improving crop productivity. The fungal community structure and functional roles in the plastic shed soils were explored using high throughput sequencing and FUNGuild in this study. The fungal community structures shifted between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. The greatest abundance variation was observed for the rare fungal members with relative abundances <0.1%. In the rhizosphere soil of pepper, the abundance of the genera Purpureocillium, Metacorgyceps, Arthrobotrys, Cephalotheca, and Scedosporium increased significantly, among which, Purpureocillium, Arthrobotrys and Metacorgyceps exhibited biocontrol characteristics. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed different interactions of fungal communities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, both of which were dominated by low abundance members. More positive correlation was identified among the rare members, the fungal pathotroph functions and phthalate acid ester in the rhizosphere soil. This study highlights the important niche of the rare fungal members in soil microbial ecology under plastic shed cultivation.

scholarly journals Stochastic and deterministic drivers of seasonal variation of fungal community in tobacco field soil

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6962
Author(s):  
Xing Li ◽  
Tianming Li ◽  
Delong Meng ◽  
Tianbo Liu ◽  
Yongjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Null Model ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Soil Fungal Community ◽  
Community Variation

Background The soil fungal community plays an important role in global carbon cycling and shows obvious seasonal variations, however, drivers, particularly stochastic drivers, of the seasonal variation in the fungal community have never been addressed in sufficient detail. Methods We investigated the soil fungal community variation between summer growing (SG) and winter fallow (WF) stage, through high throughput sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplicons. Subsequently, we assessed the contribution of different ecological processes to community assembly using null-model-based statistical framework. Results The results showed that the fungal community diversity decreased significantly after tobacco cropping in the SG stage and the composition showed a clear turnover between the WF and SG stages. The variation in community composition was largely attributable to the presence of a small portion of Dothideomycetes in the WF stage that dominated the soil fungal community in the SG stage. The organic matter, temperature, and water content were the main deterministic factors that regulated the fungal community; these factors explained 34.02% of the fungal community variation. Together with the result that the fungal community was mainly assembled by the dispersal process, our results suggested that the stochastic factors played important roles in driving the seasonal variation of fungal community. The dispersal limitation dominated the fungal community assembly during the WF stage when homogenizing dispersal was the main assembly process of the fungal community in the SG stage. Thus, we proposed that the dispersal processes are important drivers for seasonal variation of fungal community in tobacco planted soil.

scholarly journals Disentangling Responses of the Subsurface Microbiome to Wetland Status and Implications for Indicating Ecosystem Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Jie Gao ◽  
Miao Liu ◽  
Sixue Shi ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yu Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Geochemical Properties ◽  
Microbial Groups

In this study, we analyzed microbial community composition and the functional capacities of degraded sites and restored/natural sites in two typical wetlands of Northeast China—the Phragmites marsh and the Carex marsh, respectively. The degradation of these wetlands, caused by grazing or land drainage for irrigation, alters microbial community components and functional structures, in addition to changing the aboveground vegetation and soil geochemical properties. Bacterial and fungal diversity at the degraded sites were significantly lower than those at restored/natural sites, indicating that soil microbial groups were sensitive to disturbances in wetland ecosystems. Further, a combined analysis using high-throughput sequencing and GeoChip arrays showed that the abundance of carbon fixation and degradation, and ~95% genes involved in nitrogen cycling were increased in abundance at grazed Phragmites sites, likely due to the stimulating impact of urine and dung deposition. In contrast, the abundance of genes involved in methane cycling was significantly increased in restored wetlands. Particularly, we found that microbial composition and activity gradually shifts according to the hierarchical marsh sites. Altogether, this study demonstrated that microbial communities as a whole could respond to wetland changes and revealed the functional potential of microbes in regulating biogeochemical cycles.

scholarly journals Patterns of Sediment Fungal Community Dependent on Farming Practices in Aquaculture Ponds

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Zhang ◽  
Qinghui Deng ◽  
Xiuyun Cao ◽  
Yiyong Zhou ◽  
Chunlei Song
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Aquaculture Ponds ◽  
Pond Sediments ◽  
Sediment Carbon

Despite fungi playing an important role in nutrient decomposition in aquatic ecosystems and being considered as vital actors in the ecological processes, they received limited attention regarding the community in aquaculture pond sediments which are extremely important and typically disturbed habitats. Using an ITS1 region of fungal rDNA, this study aimed to investigate sediment fungal communities in fish, crab, and crayfish ponds for decades of farming practices at representative aquaculture regions in the middle Yangtze River basin, China. We then aimed to explore the community patterns associated with species-based farming practices in the ponds at 18 farms. The results showed that the pond sediments harbored more than 9,000 operational taxonomic units. The sediments had significantly higher alpha diversity in crab ponds compared to that in fish and crayfish ponds. The fungal phyla largely belonged to Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota, and the dominance of Rozellomycota over Basidiomycota and Aphelidiomycota was observed. The majority of sediment fungal members were ascribed to unclassified fungi, with higher proportions in fish ponds than crab and crayfish ponds. Further, the fungal communities were markedly distinct among the three types of ponds, suggesting divergent patterns of fungal community assemblages caused by farming practices in aquaculture ponds. The community diversity and structure were closely correlated to sediment properties, especially sediment carbon content and pH. Thus, the distribution and pattern of fungal communities in the sediments appear to primarily depend on species-based farming practices responsible for the resulting sediment carbon content and pH in aquaculture ponds. This study provides a detailed snapshot and extension of understanding fungal community structure and variability in pond ecosystems, highlighting the impacts of farming practices on the assembly and succession of sediment fungal communities in aquaculture ponds.

scholarly journals Microbial diversity in raw milk and Sayram Ketteki from southern of Xinjiang, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongla Gao ◽  
Weihua Wang ◽  
Zhanjiang Han ◽  
Qian Xi ◽  
Ruicheng Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Resources

Raw milk and fermented milk are rich in microbial resources, which are essential for the formation of texture, flavor and taste. In order to gain a deeper knowledge of the bacterial and fungal community diversity in local raw milk and home-made yogurts from Sayram town, Baicheng county, Akesu area, southern of Xinjiang, China,30 raw milk and 30 home-made yogurt samples were collected and experiment of high-throughput sequencing was implemented.The results of experiments revealed the species of fungi in raw milk was the most, and the species of bacteria in fermented milk was the least.Based on principal component analysis (PCA), it was found that the bacterial and fungal community structure differed in samples from two types of dairy products.And the presence of 15 bacterial and 12 fungal phyla, comprising 218 bacterial and 495 fungal genera respectively, among all samples. Firmicutes and Ascomycota,Lactobacillus and Candida were the predominant phyla and genera of bacteria and fungi, respectively. The results indicated that the microbial community of raw milk differs from home-made yogurts due to sampling location and manufacturing process. The study suggested that high-throughput sequencing could provide a better understanding of microbiological diversity as well as lay a theoretical foundation for selecting beneficial microbial resources from this natural yogurt.

scholarly journals Uncovering fungal community composition in natural habitat of Ophiocordyceps sinensis using high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanbo Zhang ◽  
Chao-Hui Ren ◽  
Yan-Li Wang ◽  
Qi-Qi Wang ◽  
Yun-Sheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Fungal Community Structure ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Culturable Fungi ◽  
Culture Dependent

Abstract Background The fungal communities inhabiting natural Ophiocordyceps sinensis play critical ecological roles in alpine meadow ecosystem, contribute to infect host insect, influence the occurrence of O. sinensis, and are repertoire of potential novel metabolites discovery. However, a comprehensive understanding of fungal communities of O. sinensis remain elusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to unravel fungal communities of natural O. sinensis using combination of high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent approach. Results A total of 280,519 high-quality sequences, belonging to 5 fungal phyla, 15 classes, 41 orders, 79 families, 112 genera, and 352 putative operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from natural O. sinensis using high-throughput sequencing. Among of which, 43 genera were identified in external mycelial cortices (EMC), Ophiocordyceps, Sebacinia, Archaeorhizomyces were predominant genera with the abundance of 95.86%, 1.14%, 0.85%, respectively. Total 66 genera were identified from soil microhabitat, Inocybe, Archaeorhizomyces, Unclassified Thelephoraceae, Tomentella, Thelephora, Sebacina, Unclassified Ascomycota, Unclassified Fungi were predominant genera with an average abundance of 53.32%, 8.69%, 8.12%, 8.12%, 7.21%, 4.6%, 3.08% and 3.05%, respectively. The fungal communities in external mycelial cortices (EMC) were significantly distinct from the soil microhabitat (Soil). Meanwhile, seven culture media that benefit for the growth of O. sinensis were used to isolate culturable fungi at 16 °C, resulted in 77 fungal strains isolated for rDNA ITS sequence analysis, belonging to 33 genera, including Ophiocordyceps, Trichoderma, Cytospora, Truncatella, Dactylonectria, Isaria, Cephalosporium, Fusarium, Cosmospora, Paecilomyces, etc.. Among all culturable fungi, Mortierella and Trichoderma were predominant genera of total isolates. Conclusions The significantly distinction and overlap in fungal community structure between two approaches highlight that integration of approaches would generate more information than either of them. Our finding is the first investigation of fungal community structure of natural O. sinensis by two approachs, provide new insight into O. sinensis associated fungi, and support that microbiota of O. sinensis is an untapped source for novel bioactive metabolites discovery.

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