scholarly journals Correlations of Scapular Dimensions: A Tool to Identify Scapulae with Completely Ossified Superior Transverse Scapular Ligaments and Suprascapular Neuropathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adesanya Olamide Adewale ◽  
Okeniran Olatayo Segun ◽  
Ibe Michael Usman ◽  
Ann Lemuel Monima ◽  
Eric Simidi Kegoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suprascapular Nerve ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Suprascapular Notch ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Suprascapular Neuropathy ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament ◽  
Spearman’S Correlation ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract Background. A better understanding of the anatomy of the suprascapular notch and relationship with scapular dimensions are vital in the diagnosis, prevention, and assessment of the suprascapular nerve (SN) entrapment syndrome. Our purposes were to classify the suprascapular notches, determine the prevalence of completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament, scapular dimensions, and their relationship among the different types of the suprascapular notch (SSN). Methods: An experimental study in which the SSN types and scapular dimensions were determined using previous methods. Statistical analyses were done using GraphPad Prism v.6 and MS Excel Version 2019, one-way ANOVA was used to compare and Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation of scapular dimensions. Results: The superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) was completely ossified in 8% of cases. There were no significant differences between the scapular dimensions for the different SSN types. For type VI SSN there is a strong negative correlation between A, B against D. There are strong (positive or negative) correlations between types I and III from type VI for A-axis; types I, III from VI for B; type IV and VI for C axis; and type III and VI for D axis.Conclusions: The prevalence of the completely ossified STSL in our study was moderately high; the correlation studies suggest that the scapular dimensions could be a valuable tool in the prediction, diagnosis, prevention, and assessment of the SN neuropathy due to the scapulae with the completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligaments (type VI SSN). Further studies on correlation analyses of scapular dimensions and characteristics of suprascapular notches are vital.

scholarly journals Morphometry and Contents of the Suprascapular Notch with Potential Clinical Implications: Α Cadaveric Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. e31-e36
Author(s):  
George Tsikouris ◽  
Ioannis Antonopoulos ◽  
Dionysia Vasdeki ◽  
Dimosthenis Chrysikos ◽  
Athanasios Koukakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suprascapular Nerve ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Suprascapular Notch ◽  
Suprascapular Neuropathy ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament

Abstract Background The suprascapular notch (SN) represents the point along the route of the suprascapular nerve (SSN) with the greatest potential risk for injury and compression. Thus, factors reducing the area of the notch have been postulated for suprascapular neuropathy development. Methods Thirty-one fresh-frozen shoulders were dissected. The contents of the SN were described according to four types as classified by Polguj et al and the middle-transverse diameter of the notch was measured. Also, the presence of an ossified superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) was identified. Results The ligament was partially ossified in 8 specimens (25.8%), fully ossified in 6 (19.35%), and not ossified in the remaining 17 (54.85%). The mean middle-transverse diameter of the SN was 9.06 mm (standard deviation [SD] = 3.45). The corresponding for type-I notches was 8.64 mm (SD = 3.34), 8.86 mm (SD = 3.12) was for type-II, and 14.5 mm (SD = 1.02) was for type III. Middle-transverse diameter was shorter when an ossified ligament was present (mean = 5.10 mm, SD = 0.88 mm), comparing with a partially ossified ligament (mean =7.67 mm, SD = 2.24 mm) and a nonossified one (mean = 11.12 mm, SD = 2.92 mm). No statistically significant evidence was found that the middle-transverse diameter depends on the number of the elements, passing below the STSL. Conclusion Our results suggest that SSN compression could be more likely to occur when both suprascapular vessels pass through the notch. Compression of the nerve may also occur when an ossified transverse scapular ligament is present, resulting to significant reduction of the notch's area.

scholarly journals Ossification of the superior transverse ligament in a South African scapula: a factor to be considered in the diagnosis of suprascapular nerve entrapment

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
O. Azu ◽  
D. Ofusori ◽  
E. Naidu ◽  
J. Naidu
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve ◽  
Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Clinical Anatomy ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Suprascapular Notch ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Shoulder Region ◽  
Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament

Abstract Introduction: Ossification of the superior transverse scapular ligament is one of the factors considered in the classification of the suprascapular notch based on shape. Variation in morphology of the superior transverse scapular ligament is always considered a critical factor in the diagnosis of suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome. Case Report: This study reports the complete ossification of the superior transverse scapular ligament in a South African scapula and a note on its clinical anatomy. Conclusion: This anatomical knowledge is of extreme clinical relevance to surgeons in relation to various syndromes associated with the shoulder region in the South African population.

scholarly journals The Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament in Fetuses

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
José Aderval Aragão ◽  
Luiza Neves de Santana Teles ◽  
Ana Bárbara de Jesus Chaves ◽  
Jéssica Cândida Oliveira Prado ◽  
Priscila Soares Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suprascapular Nerve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Suprascapular Notch ◽  
Left Half ◽  
Optical Instruments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament

Introduction. The superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) links the margins of the suprascapular notch and converts it into a foramen, through which, the suprascapular nerve and, on some rare occasions, the suprascapular vessels pass. This conversion often results from partial or complete ossification of the STSL and may produce compressive symptoms in the suprascapular nerve. Material and Method. Twenty shoulders from human fetuses were dissected without the aid of optical instruments and, using a digital pachymeter of precision 0.01 millimeters, length measurements and thickness measurements were made. The fetal age was from 21 to 33 weeks of gestation, with a mean of 27.6±4.14 weeks. Results. There was no statistically significant difference in STSL length or any difference in the thicknesses at the medial and lateral extremities between the halves of the body (P≥0.05). However, in the left half of the body, the medial extremity of the STSL was significantly thinner than the lateral extremity (P≤0.05). Conclusion. Anatomical and morphometric details about the STSL were described in human fetuses. These findings, in fetuses, may encourage the pursuit of further studies to understand the morphofunctional role and meaning of this small ligament.

scholarly journals Morphological and Radiological Study of Ossified Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament as Potential Risk Factor of Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Polguj ◽  
Marcin Sibiński ◽  
Andrzej Grzegorzewski ◽  
Michał Waszczykowski ◽  
Agata Majos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve ◽  
Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Potential Risk Factor ◽  
Suprascapular Notch ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Suprascapular Foramen ◽  
The Right ◽  
Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament

The suprascapular notch is covered superiorly by the superior transverse scapular ligament. This region is the most common place of suprascapular nerve entrapment formation. The study was performed on 812 specimens: 86 dry scapulae, 104 formalin-fixed cadaveric shoulders, and 622 computer topography scans of scapulae. In the cases with completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament, the following measurements were performed: proximal and distal width of the bony bridge, middle transverse and vertical diameter of the suprascapular foramen, and area of the suprascapular foramen. An ossified superior transverse scapular ligament was observed more often in men and in the right scapula. The mean age of the subjects with a completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament was found to be similar than in those without ossification. The ossified band-shaped type of superior transverse scapular ligament was more common than the fan-shaped type and reduced the space below the ligament to a significantly greater degree. The ossified band-shaped type should be taken into consideration as a potential risk factor in the formation of suprascapular nerve entrapment. It could explain the comparable frequency of neuropathy in various populations throughout the world despite the significant differences between them in occurrence of ossified superior transverse scapular ligament.

scholarly journals Morphometric study of suprascapular notch and scapular dimensions in Ugandan dry scapulae with specific reference to the incidence of completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adesanya Olamide Adewale ◽  
Okeniran Olatayo Segun ◽  
Ibe Michael Usman ◽  
Ann Lemuel Monima ◽  
Eric Simidi Kegoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve ◽  
Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Suprascapular Notch ◽  
Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament ◽  
Nerve Entrapment Syndrome

Abstract Background: Understanding of suprascapular notch (SSN) anatomy and relationship with scapular dimensions are vital in diagnosis, prevention, and assessment of suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome. The study aimed to assess morphometry of suprascapular notch and scapular dimensions in Ugandan dry scapulae with specific reference to scapulae with completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligaments. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted on 50 Ugandan dry scapulae. SSN types and prevalence of completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament among dry scapulae were quantified and compared with previous data. Scapular dimensions were assessed by measuring scapular length (A), scapular width (B), glenoid length (C), and glenoid width (D). One-way ANOVA was used to compare scapular dimensions of scapulae with different SSN types, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation coefficient of scapular dimensions amongst groups. Results: Superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) was completely ossified in 8% of cases. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference between scapular dimensions of scapulae with completely ossified STSL compared to scapulae with other SSN types. Scapulae with completely ossified STSL showed strong negative (r = -0.89137, r = -0.877) correlations for its A, B respectively compared against D, this finding was not true to scapulae of other SSN types. Also, there were strong positive or negative (r > 0.7, r > -0.7) correlations: for A, types I and III compared to type VI; for B, types I, III compared to VI; for C, type IV and VI; and for D, type III and VI. Conclusions: The prevalence of completely ossified STSL is moderately high in the Ugandan population. Characteristics of the scapula (scapular dimensions) are not ‘vital’ but rather important or relevant for shoulder pathology with specific reference to suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome due to completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligaments. Further correlation analyses of scapular dimensions of different SSN types in different populations are important.

scholarly journals Ossification of superior transverse scapular ligament - a case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 155-157
Author(s):  
Dibya Prabha Bara ◽  
Swagatika Pradhan ◽  
Rajashree Biswal ◽  
Chinmayi Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve ◽  
Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Suprascapular Notch ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgeons ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament

AbstractSuperior transverse scapular ligament (STSL), a small ligament which bridges over the suprascapular notch bears enormous stress during shoulder movements. This causes the ligament to ossifY thereby compressing the suprascapular nerve which passes beneath it. The ossification can occur partially or cnmpletely. Different shape of ossified STSL also affects the rate of compression of the nerve. Knowledge of ossified STSL may be helpful for radiologists, neurosurgeons and orthopaedic surgeons in dealing with patients of suprascapular nerve entrapment.

scholarly journals Protective and Predisposing Morphological Factors in Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment Syndrome: A Fundamental Review Based on Recent Observations

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Łabętowicz ◽  
Marek Synder ◽  
Mariusz Wojciechowski ◽  
Krzysztof Orczyk ◽  
Hubert Jezierski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suprascapular Nerve ◽  
Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Suprascapular Notch ◽  
Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament ◽  
Nerve Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Spinoglenoid Notch

Suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome (SNES) is a neuropathy caused by compression of the nerve along its course. The most common compression sites include the suprascapular notch and the spinoglenoid notch. The aim of this article was to review the anatomical factors influencing the occurrence of SNES in the light of the newest reports. Potential predisposing morphological factors include a V-shaped, narrow, or “deep” suprascapular notch; a band-shaped, bifurcated, or completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL); particular arrangements of the suprascapular nerve and vessels at the suprascapular notch. A very recent report indicates structures at the suprascapular notch region that may protect from SNES, such as the suprascapular notch veins (SNV). The role of the anterior coracoscapular ligament (ACSL) is still not clear. While some studies indicate that it may predispose for SNES, the newest study proposes a protective function. Knowledge of these variations is essential for arthroscopic and other surgical procedures of this area in order to avoid iatrogenic injury of the suprascapular nerve or unexpected bleeding from the suprascapular vessels running alongside the STSL.

scholarly journals Suprascapular Notch Asymmetry: A Study on 311 Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Michał Polguj ◽  
Marcin Sibiński ◽  
Andrzej Grzegorzewski ◽  
Piotr Grzelak ◽  
Ludomir Stefańczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Suprascapular Notch ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Symmetrical Type

The most important risk factor of suprascapular nerve entrapment is probably the shape of the suprascapular notch (SSN). The aim of the study was to perform a radiological study of the symmetry of SSN. Included in the study were 311 patients (137 women and 174 men) who underwent standard computed tomography investigation of the chest. A total of 622 computed tomography scans of scapulae were retrospectively analyzed to classify suprascapular notches into five types. Suprascapular notch was recognized as a symmetrical feature in 53.45% of the patients. Symmetry was more frequently seen in females (54.0% versus 52.9%), but not to any significant degree (P=0.8413). Type III was the most commonly noted symmetrical feature (66.9%) and type II was less common (0.6%). Type III was the most symmetrical type of suprascapular notch, occurring significantly more often as a symmetrical feature in comparison with type I (P<0.0001), type II (P=0.00137), or type IV (P=0.001). Our investigation did not show that the suprascapular notch is a symmetrical feature. However, symmetry was recognized more frequently in the case of type III SSN. No significant differences in symmetry were found with regard to sex.

scholarly journals Morphometric study of suprascapular notch and scapular dimensions in Ugandan dry scapulae with specific reference to the incidence of completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adesanya Olamide Adewale ◽  
Okeniran Olatayo Segun ◽  
Ibe Michael Usman ◽  
Ann Lemuel Monima ◽  
Eric Simidi Kegoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve ◽  
Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Suprascapular Notch ◽  
Entrapment Syndrome ◽  
Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment ◽  
Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament ◽  
Nerve Entrapment Syndrome

Abstract Background Understanding of suprascapular notch (SSN) anatomy and relationship with scapular dimensions are vital in diagnosis, prevention, and assessment of suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome. The study aimed to assess morphometry of suprascapular notch and scapular dimensions in Ugandan dry scapulae with specific reference to scapulae with completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligaments. Methods This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted on 50 Ugandan dry scapulae. SSN types and prevalence of completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament among dry scapulae were quantified and compared with previous data. Scapular dimensions were assessed by measuring scapular length (A), scapular width (B), glenoid length (C), and glenoid width (D). One-way ANOVA was used to compare scapular dimensions of scapulae with different SSN types, and Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation coefficient of scapular dimensions amongst groups. Results Superior transverse scapular ligament (STSL) was completely ossified in 8% of cases. There was no significant (P > 0.05) difference between scapular dimensions of scapulae with completely ossified STSL compared to scapulae with other SSN types. Scapulae with completely ossified STSL showed strong negative (r = − 0.89137, r = − 0.877) correlations for its A, B respectively compared against D, this finding was not true to scapulae of other SSN types. Also, there were strong positive or negative (r > 0.7, r > − 0.7) correlations: for A, types I and III compared to type VI; for B, types I, III compared to VI; for C, type IV and VI; and for D, type III and VI. Conclusions The prevalence of completely ossified STSL is moderately high in the Ugandan population. Characteristics of the scapula (scapular dimensions) are not ‘vital’ but rather important or relevant for shoulder pathology with specific reference to suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome due to completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligaments. Further correlation analyses of scapular dimensions of different SSN types in different populations are important.

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