scholarly journals Pedestrians in Iran: Determinants of unsafe traffic behaviors of pedestrians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Bakhtari Aghdam ◽  
Homayoyn Sadeghi-Bazargani ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽  
Tahere Pashaie ◽  
Koen Ponent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
The City ◽  
Traffic Behavior

Abstract Background Pedestrians are among the most vulnerable groups in traffic accidents. This study investigates the determinants of traffic behaviors of pedestrians. Methods In this cross-sectional study, the behavior of 600 pedestrians in the city of Urmia, northwestern Iran, was evaluated from May to October 2018, using a pedestrian traffic behavior questionnaire consisting of five dimensions: traffic violations, traffic distraction, adherence to traffic rules, aggressive behavior, and positive behaviors. Cluster sampling was conducted among 30% of the health centers in each district of the city. Thereafter, individuals were randomly selected from each center depending on the covered population. Results Although 17% of the pedestrians demonstrated safe traffic behaviors, over 85% were distracted, more than 80% did not comply with traffic laws, the majority violated rules and displayed no positive traffic behaviors, and half of the participants were aggressive. Age, gender, marital status, education level, daily walking rate, and transportation mode were significant predictors of traffic behavior. Conclusion Most pedestrians demonstrate unsafe traffic behaviors. The youth, those who were single, those with lower education, and those with less walking rate showcased higher unsafe behaviors. Training and intervention programs should be implemented to improve all domains of pedestrian traffic behaviors factoring in age and other predictors.

scholarly journals Pedestrians in Iran: Determinants of Unsafe Traffic Behaviors of Pedestrians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Bakhtari Aghdam ◽  
Homayoyn Sadeghi Bazargani ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽  
Tahere Pashaie ◽  
Koen Ponent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
The City

Abstract Background: Pedestrians are among the most vulnerable groups in traffic accidents. This study investigates the determinants of traffic behaviors of pedestrians. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the behavior of 600 pedestrians in the city of Urmia, northwestern Iran, was evaluated from May to October 2018, using a pedestrian traffic behavior questionnaire consisting of five dimensions: traffic violations, traffic distraction, adherence to traffic rules, aggressive behavior, and positive behaviors. Cluster sampling was conducted among 30% of the health centers in each district of the city. Thereafter, individuals were randomly selected from each center depending on the covered population. Results: Although 17% of the pedestrians demonstrated safe traffic behaviors, over 85% were distracted, more than 80% did not comply with traffic laws, the majority violated rules and displayed no positive traffic behaviors, and half of the participants were aggressive. Age, gender, marital status, education level, daily walking rate, and transportation mode were significant predictors of traffic behavior.Conclusion: Most pedestrians demonstrate unsafe traffic behaviors. The youth, those who were single, those with lower education, and those with less walking rate showcased higher unsafe behaviors. Training and intervention programs should be implemented to improve all domains of pedestrian traffic behaviors factoring in age and other predictors.

scholarly journals Pedestrians in Iran: Determinants of Unsafe Traffic Behaviors of Pedestrians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Bakhtari Aghdam ◽  
Homayoyn Sadeghi Bazargani ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽  
Tahere Pashaie ◽  
Koen Ponent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
The City

Abstract Background: Pedestrians are among the most vulnerable groups in traffic accidents. This study investigates the determinants of traffic behaviors of pedestrians. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the behavior of 600 pedestrians in the city of Urmia, northwestern Iran, was evaluated from May to October 2018, using a pedestrian traffic behavior questionnaire consisting of five dimensions: traffic violations, traffic distraction, adherence to traffic rules, aggressive behavior, and positive behaviors. Cluster sampling was conducted among 30% of the health centers in each district of the city. Thereafter, individuals were randomly selected from each center depending on the covered population. Results: Although 17% of the pedestrians demonstrated safe traffic behaviors, over 85% were distracted, more than 80% did not comply with traffic laws, the majority violated rules and displayed no positive traffic behaviors, and half of the participants were aggressive. Age, gender, marital status, education level, daily walking rate, and transportation mode were significant predictors of traffic behavior.Conclusion: Most pedestrians demonstrate unsafe traffic behaviors. The youth, those who were single, those with lower education, and those with less walking rate showcased higher unsafe behaviors. Training and intervention programs should be implemented to improve all domains of pedestrian traffic behaviors factoring in age and other predictors.

scholarly journals Pedestrians in Iran: Determinants of unsafe traffic behaviors of pedestrians

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Bakhtari Aghdam ◽  
Homayoyn Sadeghi Bazargani ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽  
Tahere Pashaie ◽  
Koen Ponnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transportation Mode ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
The City ◽  
Traffic Behavior

Abstract Objective: Pedestrians are among the most vulnerable groups in traffic accidents. In this cross-sectional study, the behavior of 600 pedestrians in Iran, using a pedestrian traffic behavior questionnaire. Cluster sampling was conducted among 30% of the health centers in each district of the city. Thereafter, individuals were randomly selected from each center depending on the covered population. Results: Although 17% of the pedestrians demonstrated safe traffic behaviors, over 85% were distracted, more than 80% did not comply with traffic laws, the majority violated rules and displayed no positive traffic behaviors, and half of the participants were aggressive. Age, gender, marital status, education level, daily walking rate, and transportation mode were significant predictors of traffic behavior.

scholarly journals Determinants of Elderly Pedestrian Traffic Behavior in Iran: The Role of Socio Economic and Cognition Status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Ghasemi ◽  
Homayoun Sadeghi- Bazargani ◽  
Fatemeh Bakhtari Aghdam ◽  
Koen Ponnet ◽  
Shahab Papi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Test Score ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Traffic Behavior ◽  
Traffic Rules

Abstract Background: Elderly pedestrians are among the most vulnerable groups in terms of traffic-related injuries. This study aimed to investigate traffic behavior and its determinants among elderly pedestrians in Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study examined the traffic behavior of 600 elderly pedestrians in Zanjan, northwestern Iran. Pedestrian traffic behavior was evaluated in five domains (traffic violations, traffic distraction, adherence to traffic rules, aggressive behaviors, and positive behaviors) using the Pedestrian Behavior Questionnaire (PBQ). Participants’ socioeconomic status (SES) was assessed by an SES questionnaire, and cognitive function was assessed by the Abbreviated Mental Test score (AMTS). The participants were selected using the multistage random sampling method.Results: 50% of elders were man. 488 (81.3%) of them had 60-74 and 112 (18.7%) were 75 years old and above. More than 90% of elderly pedestrians showed unsafe traffic behavior. This included traffic violations and failure to adhere to traffic rules. Almost half the elders were aggressive and distracted when walking and crossing the street. Higher SES was associated with both higher cognitive status and safer traffic behavior. Higher SES, healthy cognitive function, male sex, walking more than 1 hour a day, higher levels of education, and being married were among the determinants of safe traffic behavior.Conclusion: The majority of the elders showed unsafe traffic behavior Elderly pedestrians with high SES and healthy cognitive function were more likely to exhibit safe behavior than those with low SES and cognitive dysfunction. . Interventions are needed to improve the traffic behavior of elderly pedestrians special with low SES.

scholarly journals Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Generation Z: A cross-sectional study in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Chevin Ramadhan Hadiwijaya ◽  
Muhammad Imam Zan Zabiyla Analuddin ◽  
Ayikacantya Sudayasa ◽  
Muhammad Hoki Akbar ◽  
Lilyana Aritonia Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City

Background: Adequate health systems and effective strategies are needed to increase trust and acceptance in vaccines. Generation Z is more concerned with environmental issues related to the pandemic situation.Objective: This study aimed to assess the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Generation Z.Methods: This was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design on generation Z in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, from May to July 2021. The samples were taken by cluster sampling using faculty classification. Data was collected using a questionnaire with a google form, included the characteristics, knowledge regarding COVID-19 and vaccine, and the media information.Results: There were 396 participants. Most of them were 20 years (52.6%), female (74.8%), and Muslim (93.7%). About 61.6% live outside the city and had insurance (77.3%). Half of the participants knew the COVID-19 symptoms (51.26%), some participants were hesitant (11.8%) and did not even know (0.76%). Almost all participants were aware of the COVID-19 vaccination program (99.2%), benefits (95.2%), side effects (84.1%), and knew the contents of the COVID-19 vaccine (62.1%). Most of them were willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine (77.8%). However, 17.93% were hesitant, and 4.29% were unwilling to participate. Most participants were not trusting vaccines (43.9%), did not feel the need (29.3%), and felt access was not easy (26.8%). Most of them used social media to get information about COVID-19 (89.1%).Conclusion: Generation Z has a good acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, even though there are still doubts and rejects. Accurately and sustainable information is needed.

scholarly journals Asupan Energi, Zat Gizi Makro dan Pertambahan Berat Badan Ibu Hamil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Nurmela Setia Ningsih ◽  
Betty Yosephin Simanjuntak ◽  
Miratul Haya
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

<p>Pregnant women are one of the vulnerable groups. During pregnancy, there is an increase in the need for nutrients to meet the needs of the mother and fetus as well as preparation for labor. It is very important to pay attention to the recommended weight gain during pregnancy to prevent the occurrence of low birth weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between energy, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake on weight gain of pregnant women in the city of Bengkulu. The design of this study was a cross-sectional study with a total sample of 47 pregnant women who had received an education of the first thousand days of life when registering to become a prospective bride at the Religious Affairs Office. As many as 53.2% of mothers had good weight gain and had a relationship between energy intake (p-value 0,032), carbohydrate intake (p-value 0,024), protein intake (p-value 0,039), and fat intake (p-value 0,023). Energy and macronutrients have a relationship with the weight gain of pregnant women in the group of preconception couples who have received education about the first 1000 days of life. It is hoped that pregnant women will be able to control their weight during pregnancy and apply the knowledge that has been obtained through education while preconception age.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Anthropometric Dimensions and Classroom Furniture Measurements Among Pre-school Students in Kerman, South East of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Seyedi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Shahabi-Rabori ◽  
Seyed Hassan Eftekhar-Vaghefi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Preschool Students ◽  
East Of Iran ◽  
Kerman City

Introduction: With the alternation of the educational system from a three-stage into a two-stage system in Iranian schools since several years ago, five-year-old children entered from kindergartens to primary schools. This study was conducted to investigate the harmonization of classroom furniture with anthropometric dimensions in preschool students.  Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 366 male and female preschool students were selected by cluster sampling method in Kerman, Iran.  Some of the anthropometric dimensions such as shoulder, elbow, and popliteal height, popliteal buttock length, and buttock breadth were measured. mean, maximum, minimum, standard division, and 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles were calculated for both the sexes and were compared with five dimensions of the existing seats. Next, the dimensions of the standard seats were determined according to the anthropometric dimension’s students. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 . Results: Independent-Samples T-test between girl and boy pre- school students in Kerman city showed just popliteal height had a siginificnt diference (p ≤0.05). Match of antropometric musurmants with seat dimentions indicated that there is no consistency between the seats and anthropometric dimensions in. Armrest height, seat height, backrest height, seat depth and seat breadth were matched with (0, 0.5, 10, 6.7, 0) and (0.7, 28.7, 6, 2.5, 0) percent of anthropometric musurments of girl and boy students respectively Conclusions: Due to adding a new grade to primary school, it seems that no work has been done for improving the furniture. Therefore, in this article, we presented the dimensions of an appropriate seat. This may help not only save production costs in the industry but also increase the matching between students' anthropometric and seat dimensions.

scholarly journals Meat intake among adults: a population-based study in the city of Campinas, Brazil. A cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Contrera Avila ◽  
Verônica Gronau Luz ◽  
Daniela de Assumpção ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health Situation ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Meat is a food with high nutritional density that has significant participation in the Brazilian diet. However, in excess it can cause harm to health. The aim of this study was to analyze the meat intake (g/day) among adults according to sociodemographic, behavioral and health situation characteristics, and to assess the types of meat most consumed. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional population-based study conducted in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, in 2008 and 2009. METHODS: Two-stage cluster sampling was used. The analysis included 948 adults between 20 and 59 years, who were participants in the Campinas Health Survey. Meat intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall. RESULTS: The mean meat intake adjusted for sex and age was 182.3 g (95% CI: 170.6-193.9 g), with significantly lower intake among women, individuals aged 50 years or over, those with the presence of two or more self-reported chronic diseases and those with three or more health complaints. Higher meat intake was found in segments with intermediate monthly family income (between 1 and 3 minimum wages), those with 16 or more appliances per household and those who consumed soft drinks seven days a week. Beef was consumed most frequently (44%) among the meats in the diet, followed by poultry, fish and pork. CONCLUSION: The data from this study reveal high meat intake in the population of Campinas and identify the segments that need to be prioritized for strategies directed towards appropriate meat intake.

scholarly journals Prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated factors among the elderly in Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 880-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Winter Holz ◽  
Bruno Pereira Nunes ◽  
Elaine Thumé ◽  
Celmira Lange ◽  
Luiz Augusto Facchini
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The City ◽  
Prevalence Ratios ◽  
State Examination

It is estimated that until 2020 the elderly will represent 13% of the total Brazilian population, and there is increasing concern about healthy aging and low rates of cognitive impairment. This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the prevalence of cognitive impairment, using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in a sample of 1,593 elderly aged 60 years old and more who were living in the community of the city of Bagé, Southern Brazil, in 2008. The Poisson regression model was used for estimating crude and adjusted prevalence ratios; their related 95% confidence intervals and p-values lower than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was of 34% and statistically associated with gender (female), age (older), schooling (less educated), lower economic classes, without retirement, with depression and functional limitation. The high magnitude with increased occurrence among poor and vulnerable groups contributes to the implementation of public policies in order to improve care, prevent diseases and promote the independence and autonomy of the elderly population.

scholarly journals Cereal-based Complementary Foods Marketed in the City of Yaounde: Assessment of the Compliance to Labeling and Nutritional Composition Standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mvogo N. Rolly ◽  
Djouhou F. Michelle ◽  
Saha F. Brice ◽  
Kuagny M. Blaise ◽  
Mafogang Borelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The City ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Background: Complementary foods are foods intended for consumption by infants and young children to supplement then replace their milk diet. Compliance with labeling and nutritional composition standards conditions their nutritional quality. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the compliance level of Cereal-based Complementary Foods (CCFs) marketed in the city of Yaounde to related standards. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 125 mothers in 2 hospitals of Yaounde using probabilistic cluster sampling. The labelings and nutritional compositions of the most consumed CCFs coded as “ASC O”, “ASC I”, “ASC E” and “ASC A”, were compared to Codex Alimentarius standards at an acceptability threshold of 80%. Results: The labeling standards were 95.24%, 93.48%, 89.68% and 59.34% compliant for “ASC O”, “ASC I”, “ASC E” and “ASC A” respectively, 52.5%, 73.75%, 83. 75% and 35% for nutritional composition standards. 90% of these CCFs complied with labeling standards, while only 26% with nutritional composition standards. Conclusion: CCFs in Yaounde have as main defects: incomplete labels, labels with errors and falsities, protein and mineral deficiencies. Their producers, controllers, and buyers should respectively improve, control and seek their good quality for the well-being and good health of infants and young children.

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