scholarly journals Anthropometric Dimensions and Classroom Furniture Measurements Among Pre-school Students in Kerman, South East of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Seyedi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Shahabi-Rabori ◽  
Seyed Hassan Eftekhar-Vaghefi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Preschool Students ◽  
East Of Iran ◽  
Kerman City

Introduction: With the alternation of the educational system from a three-stage into a two-stage system in Iranian schools since several years ago, five-year-old children entered from kindergartens to primary schools. This study was conducted to investigate the harmonization of classroom furniture with anthropometric dimensions in preschool students.  Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 366 male and female preschool students were selected by cluster sampling method in Kerman, Iran.  Some of the anthropometric dimensions such as shoulder, elbow, and popliteal height, popliteal buttock length, and buttock breadth were measured. mean, maximum, minimum, standard division, and 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles were calculated for both the sexes and were compared with five dimensions of the existing seats. Next, the dimensions of the standard seats were determined according to the anthropometric dimension’s students. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 . Results: Independent-Samples T-test between girl and boy pre- school students in Kerman city showed just popliteal height had a siginificnt diference (p ≤0.05). Match of antropometric musurmants with seat dimentions indicated that there is no consistency between the seats and anthropometric dimensions in. Armrest height, seat height, backrest height, seat depth and seat breadth were matched with (0, 0.5, 10, 6.7, 0) and (0.7, 28.7, 6, 2.5, 0) percent of anthropometric musurments of girl and boy students respectively Conclusions: Due to adding a new grade to primary school, it seems that no work has been done for improving the furniture. Therefore, in this article, we presented the dimensions of an appropriate seat. This may help not only save production costs in the industry but also increase the matching between students' anthropometric and seat dimensions.

Prevalence of Bullying and Victimization Among Primary School Students of Higher Grades in Riyadh: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bander Haddad ◽  
Mohammed Al-Madi ◽  
Moath Alsudais ◽  
Faisal AlMedimegh ◽  
Saqer Alharthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Riyadh City

Abstract Background The current study aims to know the prevalence, effects and types of bullying at primary schools of Riyadh city for both male and female. Methods Male and female students at primary schools in Riyadh city are targeted using Cross-sectional study method. 517 students are included in this study 55.3% are female and 44.7% are male. Riyadh primary schools were divided into five groups according to geographic region North, South, East, West and Middle. The surveys were conducted after the approval of school's principals. In order to get an accurate response, the survey was distributed to student in classrooms in papers. Results 517 students participated in the study. Out of four regions the proportion from the Southern region were the highest at 187 (36.2%). The levels of bullying and victimization was low. Compared to female students, male students showed statistically significant higher bullying and victimization rates. Compared to the five regions in Riyadh city the bullying and victimization rate is highest in the Eastern region, and lower in the southern region. Conclusion The study shows that the levels of bullying and victimization at Riyadh's primary schools was low. Furthermore, research studies about bullying and victimization prevalence rates are not enough and need more researches to improve the intervention and prevent the side effect of it.

A Comparative Study of Breakfast Habits of Romanian and Spanish Adolescents Enrolled in Southern Spain Schools

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-284
Author(s):  
Encarnación Soriano-Ayala ◽  
Verónica C. Cala
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leaving Home ◽  
And Gender

AbstractIntroduction: Globalization has favored intra-European Commission (EC) and extra-EC migration to Spain. One of the most numerous cultural groups that have settled in the southern Spain is from Romania. Coexistence, especially in schools, has made us become interested in knowing the eating habits at breakfast of Romanian and Spanish populations. Numerous studies show that the food intake at breakfast, mostly made before leaving home, has an incidence on the physic wellbeing of adolescent throughout the day. The processes of acculturation are also inseparable from the eating habits, health and life, that maintain the migrant teenagers. Breakfast is analyzed as one of the habits more associated with diet quality; paradoxically, one of the findings of our study, many adolescents do not take a proper breakfast every day.Objectives: The study analyzes the characteristics and the main cultural and gender differences in the implementation of breakfast: its maintenance or omission in young autochthonous and immigrants of Romanian origin in the southeast Spanish schools. Design. This is a cross-sectional study with a cluster sampling in two Primary schools and seven Secondary schools. The instrument applied was an adaptation of the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire. Sample. It has been formed by 1472 students between 11 and 18 years old; nationality: 1315 were Spanish and 157 were Romanians. Data analysis. Descriptive and differential analyses using the chi-square and U of Mann-Whitney statistics.Results: In the study we identified 1.2% of Spaniards and 3.3% of Romanians who either skip breakfast or do not eat foods throughout the morning. The main breakfast foods of the Spanish students are dairy, bread and cereals, cookies, juice and olive oil; for the Romanian students the basic foods at breakfast are cereals, dairy products, juices, biscuits and jams. We have found significant differences between the two compared cultural groups. We also found significant differences between the food eaten by men of the two cultural groups (Spanish and Romanian) and by the food eaten by women (Spanish and Romanian) in the breakfast food.Conclusions: The results show the need to further promote and implement educational programs that encourage students to make breakfast before leaving home. Also, it is necessary, they take care of the intake of the right foods to start the day and contemplate this habit from a transcultural and gender approach. Significant differences were identified in the breakfast practice food by both genders and cultural groups.

AN EXPLORATORY CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF INTERLANGUAGE PRAGMATIC DEVELOPMENT

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
English Language ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pragmatic Development ◽  
Compliment Responses

This paper reports the results of an exploratory cross-sectional study of pragmatic development among three groups of primary school students in Hong Kong who completed a cartoon oral production task (COPT) designed to elicit requests, apologies, and compliment responses. The first two of these speech acts are among the most well represented in the pragmatics literature and are also included in the Hong Kong English language syllabus for primary schools. The latter has also been studied extensively but is not part of the syllabus. Data was collected in Cantonese using the same instrument. Although a number of developmental patterns are revealed—particularly in choice of request strategy, frequency of supportive moves, and use of adjuncts with apologies and compliment responses—there is little evidence of sensitivity to situational variation or pragmatic transfer from Cantonese. This study adds to the small, but growing, body of research on pragmatic development in a second language.

scholarly journals Eco-epidemiological factors' of Head Lice in 10-12 year-old girls in Birjand City in 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Lashkari ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush ◽  
GholamReza SHarifzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian ◽  
Ali Dehghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Head Lice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
Head Lice Infestation ◽  
Habitat History

Introduction: Lice are external  parasites found in all socioeconomic classes around the world, which infect millions of people, especially children aged 5-14 years. Considering the growing and epidemiological trend of head lice in recent years, despite careful health care, more prognosis is needed. Therefore, this study aimed to study eco-epidemiological factors of head lice in 10-12 year-old girls in Birjand City in 2017. Methods: This cross-sectional study with descriptive-analytic approach was conducted in Birjand City in the 2017. The participants were selected using cluster sampling method from girl primary schools in Birjand City and its suburb areas. Data were entered into SPSS version 22 and analyzed by logistic regression test at significant level of 0.0.5 Results: Head lice was evaluated in 2417 elementary school girls. The prevalence of head lice infection was 13.6% (n=329) in the population. The prevalence of contamination in urban areas was two times higher than the suburb areas. Significant correlations were observed between head lice infestation and father's education, mother's education, parent's job, family income, nationality, presence of foreigners in a class, habitat, history of previous student infections, presence of an infected person in the family, use of common Chador (piece of cloth worn by Muslim women to cover their body and hair) for praying  at school. (p<0.05) Conclusion: The prevalence of head lice infection in the present study was higher than other studies. The prevalence of head lice infection was also higher in the suburbs. So,  preventive measures, especially in the suburbs are required with regard to factors associated with infection by the health system.

scholarly journals Pedestrians in Iran: Determinants of Unsafe Traffic Behaviors of Pedestrians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Bakhtari Aghdam ◽  
Homayoyn Sadeghi Bazargani ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽  
Tahere Pashaie ◽  
Koen Ponent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
The City

Abstract Background: Pedestrians are among the most vulnerable groups in traffic accidents. This study investigates the determinants of traffic behaviors of pedestrians. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the behavior of 600 pedestrians in the city of Urmia, northwestern Iran, was evaluated from May to October 2018, using a pedestrian traffic behavior questionnaire consisting of five dimensions: traffic violations, traffic distraction, adherence to traffic rules, aggressive behavior, and positive behaviors. Cluster sampling was conducted among 30% of the health centers in each district of the city. Thereafter, individuals were randomly selected from each center depending on the covered population. Results: Although 17% of the pedestrians demonstrated safe traffic behaviors, over 85% were distracted, more than 80% did not comply with traffic laws, the majority violated rules and displayed no positive traffic behaviors, and half of the participants were aggressive. Age, gender, marital status, education level, daily walking rate, and transportation mode were significant predictors of traffic behavior.Conclusion: Most pedestrians demonstrate unsafe traffic behaviors. The youth, those who were single, those with lower education, and those with less walking rate showcased higher unsafe behaviors. Training and intervention programs should be implemented to improve all domains of pedestrian traffic behaviors factoring in age and other predictors.

scholarly journals “Students in public and private schools—which are at higher risk of drug use?”: A survey from Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bahramnejad ◽  
Abedin Iranpour ◽  
Nouzar Nakhaee
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Background Recent evidence from Western countries suggests that private school students are more prone to drug use. Such an evidence is lacking in Muslim countries. The aim of this study was to examine whether the risk of drug use is higher in private schools than public schools.Methods This cross sectional study was conducted on 650 tenth grade students of Kerman city, the center of largest province of Iran using cluster sampling. Well-validated questionnaires regarding current, lifetime substance use, and perceived use by classmates were utilized. Substances included in the questionnaire were waterpipe, cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, opium, methamphetamine, and Naas. Drug Use Tendency Scale was used to measure the attitudes of students towards drug use.Results The response rate was 93.7%. More than 82% of sample were public school students (n = 504). Current use of cigarette and marijuana was higher in private schools (12.2% and 3.0%, respectively) than public schools (4.4% and 0.5%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking by classmates was higher among private school students.Conclusion Despite the popular belief that private schools are better than public schools regarding the risk of substance use, students who attend private schools may be at a higher risk of turning to some drugs comparing to public schools in Iran.

scholarly journals Association of bullying behaviour with smoking, alcohol use and drug use among school students in Erbil City, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-490
Author(s):  
Beena Shawki ◽  
Tariq Al-Hadithi ◽  
Nazar Shabila
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective School ◽  
Wide Range

Background: Substance use and bullying are prevalent among adolescents and have a wide range of adverse outcomes. The association of bullying with substance use has not been examined in Kurdistan and Iraq, which have suffered from the effects of long-term conflict and economic hardship. Aims: To examine the association between each form of bullying among adolescents and substance use. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of public schools in Erbil City, Iraq in 2017. The study involved 1070 adolescents selected from 35 schools using a multistage cluster sampling method. A self-reported close-ended questionnaire was used for data collection. Male and female students attending grades 7–12 and aged 13–18 years were included. Results: The overall prevalence of bullying behaviour was 60.0%; 30.8% were victims, 26.2% were bully-victims, and 3.0% were bullies. There was a significant association between different forms and categories of bullying and substance use. The strongest association was with the students involved in sexual bullying, followed by racial and cyber bullying. The strongest association between bullying and substance use was found in the bully-victim category, followed by victims and bullies. Conclusions: Substance use and bullying behaviour seem to be widespread problems among adolescents in Erbil schools. Substance use is significantly associated with different categories of bullying behaviour. There is a need for effective school-based preventive interventions to tackle these problems. Future research needs to examine the likely direction of the association between bullying and substance use.

scholarly journals Adherence to weekly iron and folic acid supplementation among the school students of Thrissur corporation – a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajna M. V. ◽  
Shefaly Ann Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iron And Folic Acid

Background: Anemia is one of the major problems among adolescents in India. As daily and once weekly supplementation of iron and folic acid show same effects in terms of growth rate, it has been decided that weekly supply is an effective method to tackle anaemia. The adherence to these tablets is an important factor to monitor the programme. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the school students of 6-10th classes in Thrissur corporation area for a period of 6 months regarding the adherence to weekly iron and folic acid tablets. Sample size was calculated based on a pilot study and for a cluster sampling technology. After getting consent, data were collected, coded and analysed using SPSS17. Results: 380 students participated in the study. Mean age of the population was 13.01+ 1.3 years (with a range of 10 – 16 years). Only 139 (36.6%) students took tablets initially for a period of 1-2 months. Among the total girls, 124 (34.6%) took tablets initially. Of the students who took initially, 57 were continuing intake of iron tablets. The adherence to weekly iron and folic acid tablets for at in this study was 15% (n=57). Among the students who initially consumed tablets 36.6% reported stomach ache. Nausea (13.6%), vomiting (10.7%), black stool (9.3%), diarrhoea (5%) were other reported side effects of the drugs. Conclusions: The adherence to weekly iron and folic to this study was less. This can be effectively improved with continued health education sessions using different methods including the parents.

scholarly journals “Students in public and private schools—which are at higher risk of drug use?”: A survey from Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bahramnejad ◽  
Abedin Iranpour ◽  
Nouzar Nakhaee
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract Background : Recent evidence from Western countries suggests that private school students are more prone to drug use. Such an evidence is lacking in Muslim countries. The aim of this study was to examine whether the risk of drug use is higher in private schools than public schools. Methods : This cross sectional study was conducted on 650 tenth grade students of Kerman city, the center of largest province of Iran using cluster sampling. Well-validated questionnaires regarding current, lifetime substance use, and perceived use by classmates were utilized. Substances included in the questionnaire were waterpipe, cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, opium, methamphetamine, and Naas. Drug Use Tendency Scale was used to measure the attitudes of students towards drug use. Results : The response rate was 93.7%. More than 82% of sample were public school students (n=504). Current use of cigarette and marijuana was higher in private schools (12.2% and 3.0%, respectively) than public schools (4.4% and 0.5%, respectively) (P<0.05). Perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking by classmates was higher among private school students. Conclusion : Despite the popular belief that private schools are better than public schools regarding the risk of substance use, students who attend private schools may be at a higher risk of turning to some drugs comparing to public schools in Iran.

scholarly journals Pedestrians in Iran: Determinants of Unsafe Traffic Behaviors of Pedestrians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Bakhtari Aghdam ◽  
Homayoyn Sadeghi Bazargani ◽  
Parvin Sarbakhsh ◽  
Tahere Pashaie ◽  
Koen Ponent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Traffic Violations ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
The City

Abstract Background: Pedestrians are among the most vulnerable groups in traffic accidents. This study investigates the determinants of traffic behaviors of pedestrians. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the behavior of 600 pedestrians in the city of Urmia, northwestern Iran, was evaluated from May to October 2018, using a pedestrian traffic behavior questionnaire consisting of five dimensions: traffic violations, traffic distraction, adherence to traffic rules, aggressive behavior, and positive behaviors. Cluster sampling was conducted among 30% of the health centers in each district of the city. Thereafter, individuals were randomly selected from each center depending on the covered population. Results: Although 17% of the pedestrians demonstrated safe traffic behaviors, over 85% were distracted, more than 80% did not comply with traffic laws, the majority violated rules and displayed no positive traffic behaviors, and half of the participants were aggressive. Age, gender, marital status, education level, daily walking rate, and transportation mode were significant predictors of traffic behavior.Conclusion: Most pedestrians demonstrate unsafe traffic behaviors. The youth, those who were single, those with lower education, and those with less walking rate showcased higher unsafe behaviors. Training and intervention programs should be implemented to improve all domains of pedestrian traffic behaviors factoring in age and other predictors.

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