Restless Rainbows And Bold Browns: Personality of Domesticated Trout Predicts Invasiveness And Impact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara L. O. McGlade ◽  
James W. E. Dickey ◽  
Richard Kennedy ◽  
Shannon Donnelly ◽  
Clare-Ann Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Behavioural Syndromes ◽  
Increased Activity

Abstract Personality and behavioural syndromes are increasingly recognised in many animal species and are now seen as critical to the prediction of non-native species success and impacts. Rainbow trout and brown trout have been introduced globally, but differ in patterns of establishment success and ecological impact. While environmental tolerance may be a driver, thus far the role of behaviour has not been rigorously tested. Here, we investigated whether diploid rainbow trout and diploid and triploid brown trout differ among several key behavioural measures linked to invasibility. We assessed activity, boldness, aggression, and feeding, using open field, novel object, shelter, mirror, feeding, and functional response experiments. We also tested within each fish type for behavioural syndromes comprising correlations among activity, boldness and aggression. Rainbow trout were more active and aggressive but less bold than diploid and triploid brown trout. In small groups, however, rainbow trout were bolder than both types of brown trout. Diploid brown trout were more active and bolder than triploids when tested individually. There was no association between activity and boldness in rainbow trout, but there was in both brown trout. The increased activity and aggression of rainbow trout may reflect an increased stress response to novel situations, with this response reduced in a group. These results suggest that rainbow trout do not manage their energy budgets effectively, and may explain why they are implicated in fewer ecological impacts. Comparative analyses of multiple behaviours of invasive species and genetic variants may thus be key to understanding and predicting invader success and ecological impacts.

High predatory efficiency and abundance drive expected ecological impacts of a marine invasive fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM DeRoy ◽  
R Scott ◽  
NE Hussey ◽  
HJ MacIsaac
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Marine Predator ◽  
Eastern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Red Grouper ◽  
Per Capita

The ecological impacts of invasive species are highly variable and mediated by many factors, including both habitat and population abundance. Lionfish Pterois volitans are an invasive marine species which have high reported detrimental effects on prey populations, but whose effects relative to native predators are currently unknown for the recently colonized eastern Gulf of Mexico. We used functional response (FR) methodology to assess the ecological impact of lionfish relative to 2 functionally similar native species (red grouper Epinephelus morio and graysby grouper Cephalopholis cruentata) foraging in a heterogeneous environment. We then combined the per capita impact of each species with their field abundance to obtain a Relative Impact Potential (RIP). RIP assesses the broader ecological impact of invasive relative to native predators, the magnitude of which predicts community-level negative effects of invasive species. Lionfish FR and overall consumption rate was intermediate to that of red grouper (higher) and graysby grouper (lower). However, lionfish had the highest capture efficiency of all species, which was invariant of habitat. Much higher field abundance of lionfish resulted in high RIPs relative to both grouper species, demonstrating that the ecological impact of lionfish in this region will be driven mainly by high abundance and high predator efficiency rather than per capita effect. Our comparative study is the first empirical assessment of lionfish per capita impact and RIP in this region and is one of few such studies to quantify the FR of a marine predator.

scholarly journals Comparative feeding behaviour of native and introduced terrestrial snails tracks their ecological impacts

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tedi Hoxha ◽  
Steve Crookes ◽  
Ian MacIsaac ◽  
Xuexiu Chang ◽  
Mattias Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Competitive Abilities ◽  
Non Indigenous Species

A developing body of theory and empirical evidence suggest that feeding behaviour as measured by the functional response (FR) can assist researchers in assessing the relative potential, ecological impacts and competitive abilities of native and introduced species. Here, we explored the FRs of two land snails that occur in south-western Ontario, one native (Mesodonthyroidus) and one non-indigenous (Cepaeanemoralis) to Canada. The non-indigenous species appears to have low ecological impact and inferior competitive abilities. Consistent with theory, while both species conformed to Type II functional responses, the native species had a significantly higher attack rate (5.30 vs 0.41, respectively) and slightly lower handling time (0.020 vs 0.023), and hence a higher maximum feeding rate (50.0 vs 43.5). The non-indigenous species exhibited a significantly longer time to contact for a variety of food types, and appeared less discriminating of paper that was offered as a non-food type. The non-indigenous species also ate significantly less food when in mixed species trials with the native snail. These feeding patterns match the known low ecological impact of the introduced snail and are consistent with the view that it is an inferior competitor relative to the native species. However, field experimentation is required to clarify whether the largely microallopatric distributions of the two species in south-western Ontario reflect competitive dominance by the native species or other factors such as habitat preference, feeding preferences or predator avoidance. The relative patterns of feeding behaviour and ecological impact are, however, fully in line with recent functional response theory and application.

scholarly journals Tree diversity regulates forest pest invasion

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (15) ◽  
pp. 7382-7386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinfeng Guo ◽  
Songlin Fei ◽  
Kevin M. Potter ◽  
Andrew M. Liebhold ◽  
Jun Wen
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Forest Pest ◽  
Natural Ecosystems

Nonnative pests often cause cascading ecological impacts, leading to detrimental socioeconomic consequences; however, how plant diversity may influence insect and disease invasions remains unclear. High species diversity in host communities may promote pest invasions by providing more niches (i.e., facilitation), but it can also diminish invasion success because low host dominance may make it more difficult for pests to establish (i.e., dilution). Most studies to date have focused on small-scale, experimental, or individual pest/disease species, while large-scale empirical studies, especially in natural ecosystems, are extremely rare. Using subcontinental-level data, we examined the role of tree diversity on pest invasion across the conterminous United States and found that the tree-pest diversity relationships are hump-shaped. Pest diversity increases with tree diversity at low tree diversity (because of facilitation or amplification) and is reduced at higher tree diversity (as a result of dilution). Thus, tree diversity likely regulates forest pest invasion through both facilitation and dilution that operate simultaneously, but their relative strengths vary with overall diversity. Our findings suggest the role of native species diversity in regulating nonnative pest invasions.

scholarly journals Non-native Species Surrounding Protected Areas Influence the Community of Non-native Species Within Them

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Holenstein ◽  
William D. Simonson ◽  
Kevin G. Smith ◽  
Tim M. Blackburn ◽  
Anne Charpentier
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Protected areas (PAs) are a key element of global conservation strategies aiming to protect habitats and species from various threats such as non-natives species (NNS) with negative ecological impacts. Yet little is known about the mechanisms by which PAs are colonized by NNS, and more specifically the role of colonizing events from surrounding areas. Here, we compared terrestrial and freshwater non-native plants and animals recorded in Norwegian PAs and in 5-km belts around them, using the database of the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre Species Map Service. Our analysis included 1,602 NNS and 671 PAs. We found that NNS were recorded in only 23% of the PAs, despite the fact that 90% of the 5-km belts were colonized by at least one NNS. A Zero-inflated negative binomial regression model showed that the number of NNS in the 5-km belts was a strong explanatory variable of the NNS richness inside PAs. Other significant variables included the surface area of the PA, mean human population density in the PA, main type of habitat and accessibility of PAs. We also observed similarity in the species in and around the PAs, with, on average, two thirds of the NNS present in a specific PA also present in its 5-km belt. Furthermore, NNS were recorded in PAs on average 4.5 years after being recorded in the 0–5 km belts, suggesting a dynamic of rapid colonization from the belts to the PAs. Invasive NNS represented 12% of NNS in the belts but 40% in the PAs. This difference was related to the higher abundance of invasive NNS in the belts. Our results highlight the necessity of expanding the focus of NNS management in PAs beyond their boundaries, in particular to prevent incursions of NNS with high negative ecological impact.

scholarly journals Invasions of rainbow trout and brown trout in Japan: A comparison of invasiveness and impact on native species

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-428
Author(s):  
Koh Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Native Species

Endangered Butterflies and their Non-Native Host Plants: Examining Shifting Values of Belonging in Restoration

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Robert M. Anderson ◽  
Amy M. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
Native Host

The island marble butterfly (Euchloe ausonides insulanus), thought to be extinct throughout the 20th century until re-discovered on a single remote island in Puget Sound in 1998, has become the focus of a concerted protection effort to prevent its extinction. However, efforts to “restore” island marble habitat conflict with efforts to “restore” the prairie ecosystem where it lives, because of the butterfly’s use of a non-native “weedy” host plant. Through a case study of the island marble project, we examine the practice of ecological restoration as the enactment of particular norms that define which species are understood to belong in the place being restored. We contextualize this case study within ongoing debates over the value of “native” species, indicative of deep-seated uncertainties and anxieties about the role of human intervention to alter or manage landscapes and ecosystems, in the time commonly described as the “Anthropocene.” We interpret the question of “what plants and animals belong in a particular place?” as not a question of scientific truth, but a value-laden construct of environmental management in practice, and we argue for deeper reflexivity on the part of environmental scientists and managers about the social values that inform ecological restoration.

Epigenetic Regulator Signatures in Regenerative Capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 598-606
Author(s):  
Sarah Albogami
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Lysine Methylation ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Epigenetic Regulator

Background:: Regeneration is the process by which body parts lost as a result of injury are replaced, as observed in certain animal species. The root of regenerative differences between organisms is still not very well understood; if regeneration merely recycles developmental pathways in the adult form, why can some animals regrow organs whereas others cannot? In the regulation of the regeneration process as well as other biological phenomena, epigenetics plays an essential role. Objective:: This review aims to demonstrate the role of epigenetic regulators in determining regenerative capacity. Results:: In this review, we discuss the basis of regenerative differences between organisms. In addition, we present the current knowledge on the role of epigenetic regulation in regeneration, including DNA methylation, histone modification, lysine methylation, lysine methyltransferases, and the SET1 family. Conclusion:: An improved understanding of the regeneration process and the epigenetic regulation thereof through the study of regeneration in highly regenerative species will help in the field of regenerative medicine in future.

scholarly journals Emergence of Discocotyle sagittata (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea) in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) and brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) in an Austrian aquarium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Lewisch ◽  
Hans‐Peter Führer ◽  
Bita Shahi‐Barogh ◽  
Josef Harl ◽  
Mansour El‐Matbouli
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta
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