scholarly journals Survey of Species Prafarence and Method of Charcoal Production in Kaduna, Nigeria.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhassan Danladi Isah ◽  
Sanusi Bello Shamaki ◽  
Samaila buda ◽  
Yusuf Adamu ◽  
Abbakar muhammed Shehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Charcoal Burning ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Method Of Production

Abstract Traditional fuel in the form of firewood and charcoal has been, and is still the predominant source of energy for domestic cooking in sub-Saharan Africa. However, charcoal burning is associated with deforestation. The aim of this study was to assess the preference as well method of production of charcoal in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Purposive sampling was used to select Kajuru, Kachia and Chikin. Species enumeration was performed and method of production were recorded at each production centres. a lotal of 250 intervied schedule was administered to ascertain the perceive effect. Research shows that P. Africana has the highest mean while D. guinees has lowest mean. furthermore the most widely method used is earth pit kiln with 55% and suitable trunk size was big trunk with 31% couple with the most preferred tree species, P africana 27.41%. in conclusion, the finding of the work reveal that certain tree species were threaten by charcoal production due to the quantum of yield extracted.

Climate change threatens some miombo tree species of sub-Saharan Africa

Flora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 151421
Author(s):  
Percy Jinga ◽  
Mary V. Ashley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Quantifying Local-scale Forest Degradation Intensity from Charcoal Production Using a Fusion of GEDI and Landsat Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyu Liang ◽  
Laura Duncanson ◽  
Fernando Sedano
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Degraded Forest ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Sub Saharan

<p>Deforestation and degradation are two major threats to the global forest that jeopardize their functions to store carbon and mitigate climate change. Forest degradation undermines the health and functions of the forest to perform ecosystem services and is a stepping stone to deforestation. However, forest degradation has not been sufficiently monitored and quantified due to the varying intensity of disturbance and usually inconsistent spectral signals reflected in optical remote sensing. Drivers of forest degradation can be natural and/or human-related, and charcoal production is a key driver of forest degradation in sub-Saharan Africa due to the high demands for charcoal for energy consumption and the increasing rate of population growth and urbanization. In this study, we focus on charcoal production-driven forest degradation that occurred at the Mabalane district in Southern Mozambique from 2008 to 2018. We intend to demonstrate the potential of combining Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) data and Landsat time stacks for inspecting the changes in forest structure and aboveground biomass (AGB). To do so, we categorize the degraded forest by the year of disturbance based on a disturbance map produced for the study area for 2008-2018 by Sedano et al. (2019) and analyze the first year of publicly-released GEDI data to characterize forest structure and AGB at different disturbance classes. We also compare the GEDI L4A biomass with three other global and continental AGB products to understand the pre-disturbance biomass storage and the degradation patterns. Lastly, we build an empirical model between GEDI biomass and Landsat spectral bands and vegetation indices to quantify the biomass removal and regrowth from 10-year charcoal production. Uncertainties from the GEDI-Landsat models are estimated using Monte Carlo Simulations to propagate errors. The study improves the current understanding of forest degradation and carbon dynamics associated with it in tropical dry forests of sub-Saharan Africa. It also demonstrates the potential of combining spaceborne lidar missions and Landsat archives to facilitate accurate mapping of forest structural and AGB change in the degraded forest at a local scale. </p>

scholarly journals Efficiency of charcoal production in Sub-Saharan Africa: solutions beyond the kiln

2019 ◽  
Vol 340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolien Schure ◽  
François Pinta ◽  
Paolo Omar Cerutti ◽  
Lwanga Kasereka-Muvatsi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Afrique Subsaharienne ◽  
Renforcement Des Capacités ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
République Démocratique Du Congo ◽  
Sub Saharan

Le charbon de bois restera une source d’énergie importante en Afrique subsaharienne dans un avenir prévisible, le présent article se concentre sur l’amélioration de l’efficacité de la carbonisation comme contribution à des chaînes de valeur plus durables du charbon de bois. Alors que l’efficacité de la conversion du bois en charbon est souvent considérée comme une question technique de performance des fours, cette étude vise à mettre en lumière le rôle d’un contexte institutionnel favorable et les capacités des acteurs impliqués. Sont d’abord passées en revue les initiatives visant à améliorer la production de charbon de bois dans différents pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. Nous comparons ensuite les données sur les processus de carbonisation dans deux zones en République démocratique du Congo : Yangambi et le Plateau de Bateke. Les principales conclusions sont les suivantes : 1) l’amélioration des techniques de carbonisation permet de réaliser d’importants gains en termes de taux de conversion du bois en charbon, mais le succès dépend en grande partie de l’adéquation des solutions de four en fonction du contexte, de la capacité et de la sensibilisation des producteurs et du contexte institutionnel favorable ; 2) le renforcement des capacités des opérateurs et des autres parties prenantes nécessite des techniques de four efficaces, mais aussi une sensibilisation accrue aux avantages et aux options d’approvisionnement durable, le renforcement des compétences financières et de gestion des organisations de producteurs et l’amélioration du transport, de la manutention et de la commercialisation ; 3) le statut illégal ou informel des producteurs de charbon de bois en Afrique subsaharienne nuit à l’efficacité des processus de production du charbon, tandis qu’un cadre institutionnel adéquat facilite l’accès des producteurs aux permis et au financement, fournit une fiscalité claire avec des incitations pour des pratiques plus durables et relie les exigences techniques en termes de carbonisation aux sources et utilisations finales durables. Le succès ou l’échec des techniques de carbonisation améliorées et les résultats socio-écologiques connexes sont déterminés conjointement par les solutions qui incluent les aspects de renforcement des capacités, d’acceptabilité et d’institutions favorables identifiés dans cet article. La poursuite du développement de ces solutions en partenariat avec les producteurs accroît le potentiel de chaînes de valeur plus durables pour le bois-énergie.

scholarly journals Operations and improvement needs in the informal charcoal sector: a participatory value stream analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-364
Author(s):  
A. Roos ◽  
D. Mutta ◽  
M. Larwanou ◽  
C. Wekesa ◽  
G. Kowero
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Value Stream ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Value Streams ◽  
Sub Saharan

Developing profitable and sustainable charcoal supply chains in Sub-Saharan Africa requires good knowledge about their properties, input needs and impacts. Charcoal supply chains in Taita Taveta and Kwale counties, Kenya, were analysed to identify operational and sustainability improvement opportunities. Using operations man agement, lean engineering and participatory research, charcoal value streams' processes, resources, and outcomes were analysed. Charcoal production and trade have low entry barriers, slow-paced innovation, and thin profit margins for value chain actors. Production is labour intensive, and the actors need specific skills, knowhow, and resources for proper business performance. The value chain's profitability and sustainability can be improved by regenerating exploited quality tree species, improving operation efficiency and safety, promoting market development, and appropriate policies on charcoal production and trade. The study's findings can guide the development of enabling policies and regulatory frameworks for the charcoal industry and improve the actors' performance in the charcoal value chain.

The Impact of Charcoal Production for Energy on Tropical Rainforest Resources in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelique Lansu ◽  
Jaap Bos ◽  
Wilfried Ivens
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

<p>In Sub Saharan Africa, many people depend on biomass for their household energy. Charcoal production is a common technique for converting biomass into a useful energy source. Nigeria is the biggest charcoal producer in Sub Saharan Africa. A large amount of wood is harvested from Nigerian forests for this charcoal production for energy. The Nexus of charcoal-land use change-energy imposes a considerable burden on the amount of wood that must be extracted from the forest for charcoal production. Therefore, charcoal production is linked to deforestation and forest degradation. However, it is not clear to what extent the demand for charcoal in Nigeria contributes to deforestation by land use change, and degradation of forests by selected wood logging. In this study, an attempt was made to provide an answer to this and to state which situation could occur by 2030, following the expected population growth in Nigeria. To achieve this, literature and open data on charcoal production, deforestation, forest degradation and population growth in Nigeria have been collected and analysed. Subsequently, calculations were carried out to determine to what extent charcoal production contributed to deforestation in the period 1990-2015. In this period, the share of deforestation due to charcoal production increased from 6% to 14%. If the expected charcoal production in 2030 were to apply to the current situation, this share would be around 20%. The quantity of wood required can also be expressed in numbers of hectares with biomass. In that case, around 80,000 ha would be required in 2030. To validate the findings, further research is needed on the amount of biomass per hectare in Nigerian forests, and on the amount of charcoal exported, not only as source of household energy but also globally as barbecue fuel. A more extensive analysis of open data on the nexus charcoal-land use change-energy at multiple scales will help to project future interlinkages.</p>

RTS,S/AS01, a vaccine targeting pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537
Author(s):  
Lorenz von Seidlein ◽  
Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn ◽  
Podjanee Jittmala ◽  
Sasithon Pukrittayakamee
Keyword(s):  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Sub Saharan

RTS,S/AS01 is the most advanced vaccine to prevent malaria. It is safe and moderately effective. A large pivotal phase III trial in over 15 000 young children in sub-Saharan Africa completed in 2014 showed that the vaccine could protect around one-third of children (aged 5–17 months) and one-fourth of infants (aged 6–12 weeks) from uncomplicated falciparum malaria. The European Medicines Agency approved licensing and programmatic roll-out of the RTSS vaccine in malaria endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa. WHO is planning further studies in a large Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, in more than 400 000 young African children. With the changing malaria epidemiology in Africa resulting in older children at risk, alternative modes of employment are under evaluation, for example the use of RTS,S/AS01 in older children as part of seasonal malaria prophylaxis. Another strategy is combining mass drug administrations with mass vaccine campaigns for all age groups in regional malaria elimination campaigns. A phase II trial is ongoing to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the RTSS in combination with antimalarial drugs in Thailand. Such novel approaches aim to extract the maximum benefit from the well-documented, short-lasting protective efficacy of RTS,S/AS01.

Mortality and Society in Sub-Saharan Africa

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-556
Author(s):  
Lado Ruzicka
Keyword(s):  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan
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