Analysis of Characteristics Pigment And Paper Excavated At The Site of Hoeamsa Temple (12th-Century), Korea

Abstract One paper fragment and three pigments were excavated from earthenware found in the Hoeamsa Temple site (Historic Site No. 128), which is presumed to have been constructed in the 12th century. This study identifies the types and characteristics of the paper and pigments through methods such as fiber identification, pigment component analysis, and crystal structure analysis. Using the Graff 'C' staining method, the paper fragment is identified as paper-mulberry bast fiber (B. kazinoki Siebold), and according to radiocarbon dating results, the paper is believed to be from the Joseon Dynasty, between 1460 and 1640, which is when the Hoeamsa temple was believed to have been rebuilt. The green pigment consists of cerussite, malachite, and ataccamite, while quartz, muscovite, and illite were detected in the white pigment, and quartz, hematite, illite, and kaolinite were detected in the red pigment. The L* value ranged from 41.59 to 79.05. The white pigment showed the highest brightness value at 79.05, while the green pigment was measured at 58.20 and the red pigment at 41.59. The a* value ranged from -2.25 to 22.75: the a* value of the red pigment was the highest at 22.75, the green pigment was the lowest at -2.25. The b* value ranged from 7.44 to 26.26: the b*value of the red pigment was the highest at 26.26 and the white pigment was the lowest at 7.44.These scientific data identified the raw materials of paper used during the Joseon Dynasty. In addition, the data can be used for repair and restoration of ancient dancheong (traditional Korean decorative coloring on wooden buildings and artifacts) by analyzing the composition of pigments and identifying the characteristics of crystal structure.

Download Full-text

Crystal Structure Analysis of Cu-Zr Alloys by Convergent Beam Diffraction

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100098277 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 354-355

Author(s):

A. F. Marshall ◽

J. W. Steeds ◽

D. Bouchet ◽

S. L. Shinde ◽

R. G. Walmsley

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Point Group ◽

Intermetallic Phase ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Crystal Structure Analysis ◽

Ion Milling ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Unit Cells ◽

Sputter Deposited ◽

Convergent Beam

Convergent beam electron diffraction is a powerful technique for determining the crystal structure of a material in TEM. In this paper we have applied it to the study of the intermetallic phases in the Cu-rich end of the Cu-Zr system. These phases are highly ordered. Their composition and structure has been previously studied by microprobe and x-ray diffraction with sometimes conflicting results.The crystalline phases were obtained by annealing amorphous sputter-deposited Cu-Zr. Specimens were thinned for TEM by ion milling and observed in a Philips EM 400. Due to the large unit cells involved, a small convergence angle of diffraction was used; however, the three-dimensional lattice and symmetry information of convergent beam microdiffraction patterns is still present. The results are as follows:1) 21 at% Zr in Cu: annealed at 500°C for 5 hours. An intermetallic phase, Cu3.6Zr (21.7% Zr), space group P6/m has been proposed near this composition (2). The major phase of our annealed material was hexagonal with a point group determined as 6/m.

Download Full-text

Crystal structure analysis in (3 d) dimensions

Phase Transitions ◽

10.1080/01411598908215352 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 119-123

Author(s):

D. Kucharczyk

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Structure Analysis ◽

Crystal Structure Analysis

Download Full-text

Faculty Opinions recommendation of An Effective Deuterium Exchange Method for Neutron Crystal Structure Analysis with Unfolding-Refolding Processes.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726510152.793521014 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Andrey Kovalevsky ◽

Mayank Aggarwal

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Structure Analysis ◽

Crystal Structure Analysis ◽

Deuterium Exchange ◽

Exchange Method

Download Full-text

Crystal structure analysis of 4-R-phenyl-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-N-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-1,4-dihydropyridines [R=2-nitro (1), 4-methoxy (2) and 3,4-dichloro (3)]

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials ◽

10.1524/zkri.1998.213.3.182 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 213 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Bidya Sagar ◽

K. Ravikumar ◽

Y. S. Sadanandam

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Calcium Channel ◽

Structure Analysis ◽

Crystal Structure Analysis ◽

Calcium Channel Antagonists

AbstractThe crystallographic characterization of the following three calcium channel antagonists is reported here: 2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dicarbamoyl-4-[2-nitro]-1,4-dihydropyridine (

Download Full-text

Combined Use of Structure Analysis, Studies of Molecular Association in Solution, and Molecular Modelling to Understand the Different Propensities of Dihydroxybenzoic Acids to Form Solid Phases

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13050734 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 734

Author(s):

Aija Trimdale ◽

Anatoly Mishnev ◽

Agris Bērziņš

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽

Structure Analysis ◽

Crystal Structure Analysis ◽

Molecular Association ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Solid Phases ◽

Solvent Molecules ◽

Dynamics Simulations

The arrangement of hydroxyl groups in the benzene ring has a significant effect on the propensity of dihydroxybenzoic acids (diOHBAs) to form different solid phases when crystallized from solution. All six diOHBAs were categorized into distinctive groups according to the solid phases obtained when crystallized from selected solvents. A combined study using crystal structure and molecule electrostatic potential surface analysis, as well as an exploration of molecular association in solution using spectroscopic methods and molecular dynamics simulations were used to determine the possible mechanism of how the location of the phenolic hydroxyl groups affect the diversity of solid phases formed by the diOHBAs. The crystal structure analysis showed that classical carboxylic acid homodimers and ring-like hydrogen bond motifs consisting of six diOHBA molecules are prominently present in almost all analyzed crystal structures. Both experimental spectroscopic investigations and molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the extent of intramolecular bonding between carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in solution has the most significant impact on the solid phases formed by the diOHBAs. Additionally, the extent of hydrogen bonding with solvent molecules and the mean lifetime of solute–solvent associates formed by diOHBAs and 2-propanol were also investigated.

Download Full-text

Preparative-scale HPLC Resolution of Metallacyclic η3-Allyltricarbonyliron Complexes and Determination of the Absolute Configuration by X-Ray Crystal Structure Analysis

Journal of Chemical Research ◽

10.1177/174751989902300930 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 578-579

Author(s):

Rainer Schobert ◽

Hermann Pfab ◽

Jutta Böhmer ◽

Frank Hampel ◽

Andreas Werner

Keyword(s):

Crystal Structure ◽

Silica Gel ◽

Structure Analysis ◽

Absolute Configuration ◽

Crystal Structure Analysis ◽

Preparative Scale ◽

X Ray ◽

The Absolute

Racemates of (η3-allyl)tricarbonyliron lactone complex Fe(CO)3{η1:η3-C(O)XCH2CHCMeCH2} 1a (X = O) and (η3-allyl)tricarbonyliron lactam complex 2a (X = NMe) are resolved on a preparative scale by HPLC on cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl)carbamate/silica gel RP-8 and the absolute configuration of (-)-2a is determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis.

Download Full-text