Comprehensive Proteomic Analysis of Exosomes Derived from Human Bone Marrow-, Adipose Tissue-, and Umbilical Cord- Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes have shown comprehensive application prospects over the years. Despite performing similar functions, exosomes from different origins present heterogeneous characteristics and components; however, relative study remains scarce. Lacking of a valuable reference, researchers select source cells for exosome studies mainly based on accessibility and personal preference.Methods: In this study, exosomes secreted by MSCs derived from different tissues were isolated, by ultracentrifugation, and proteomics analysis was performed. A total of 1,014 proteins were detected using a label-free method. Results: Bioinformatics analysis revealed their shared function in the extracellular matrix receptor. Bone marrow-MSCs-derived exosomes showed superior regeneration ability, and adipose tissue-MSCs-derived exosomes played a significant role in immune regulation, whereas, umbilical cord-MSCs-derived exosomes were more prominent in tissue damage repair.Conclusions: This study systematically and comprehensively analyzes the human MSCs-derived exosomes via proteomics, which reveals their potential applications in different fields, so as to provide a reference for researchers to select optimal source cells in future exosome-related studies.