scholarly journals An Environment Transitional Zone Buffers Peatlands Carbon Loss

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangfeng Liu ◽  
Huai Chen ◽  
Jianqing Tian ◽  
Hongjun Wang ◽  
Dan Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Warming Scenario ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions

Abstract An environment transitional zone (ETzone) is usually deemed as a hotspot in biogeochemical cycle, but little is known about its response to climate change. A typical ETzone develops at the subsurface of peatland after experiencing long-term water table fluctuation, characterized by alternative aerobic and anaerobic conditions. By an extensive incubation, we found that the CO2 emission at this ETzone was 28.31 ± 3.55 μg g-1 d-1, 41.6% and 34.4% lower than the upper (aerobic) and lower (anaerobic) layers, respectively. Moreover, with a lowest Q10 of 1.37, its CO2 emission was also the least warming-responsive, which could reduce 33.7% CO2 loss in warming scenario. This result clearly revealed that the ETzone worked as a buffer to retard carbon loss, rather than a hotspot. Surprisingly, this buffer capacity of ETzone was easily collapse if being primed by fresh carbon. Therefore, maintaining a relatively stable ETzone is critical for protecting peatland carbon stock, and the priority is to block priming effect through maintaining an intact vegetation composition.

scholarly journals Refractory actinomycosis of the humerus

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1775285
Author(s):  
Mariano O Abrego ◽  
Franco L De Cicco ◽  
Noelia B Montenegro ◽  
Jorge G Boretto ◽  
Pablo De Carli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Pathological Anatomy ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Actinomyces Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions

Actinomycosis is a chronic, opportunistic infection caused by Actinomyces species, such as Actinomyces bacillus. Actinomycosis in long bones is very rare. To the best of our knowledge, isolated primary actinomycosis of the humerus is rarely reported in literature. We present a rare case of a refractory primary actinomycosis of the humerus. A 66-year-old man with no history of concomitant conditions was admitted to our hospital with a history of a tumour on the distal third of the left arm as a result of a closed trauma without fracture 20 years before. Pathological anatomy samples showed the presence of Actinomyces. Cultures were subjected to a prolonged incubation of 21 days under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and were always negative. He underwent several surgical procedures and received long-term antibiotic therapy with poor outcome. Primary actinomycosis in long bones is uncommon. Diagnosis may be challenging: considering the small number of case studies reported in the literature, symptoms are not specific, and the organism is difficult to isolate. Antibiotic treatment may not be sufficient to improve the clinical condition, and surgical alternatives should be considered

Oxygen concentration affects frequency and range of transconjugants for the incompatibility (Inc) P-1 and P-7 plasmids pBP136 and pCAR1

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1015
Author(s):  
Kentaro Ochi ◽  
Maho Tokuda ◽  
Kosuke Yanagiya ◽  
Chiho Suzuki-Minakuchi ◽  
Hideaki Nojiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Anaerobic Condition ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Recipient Strain ◽  
Donor Strain ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Filter Mating ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions

ABSTRACT The frequency of transconjugants were compared for the incompatibility (Inc) P-1 and P-7 plasmids pBP136 and pCAR1 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Filter mating assays were performed with one donor strain and one recipient strain using different donors of Pseudomonas and recipient strains, including Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Buttiauxella. Under anaerobic condition, frequencies of transconjugants for both plasmids were 101-103-fold lower than those under aerobic condition regardless of whether aerobically or anaerobically grown donors and recipients were used. To compare the transconjugant ranges under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, conjugation was performed between the donor of pBP136 and recipient bacteria extracted from environmental samples. Several transconjugants were uniquely obtained from each aerobic or anaerobic condition. Our findings indicate that a plasmid can differently spread among bacteria depending on the oxygen concentrations of the environment.

PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL: VII. FERMENTATION OF WHEAT BY AEROBACILLUS POLYMYXA UNDER AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS

1946 ◽  
Vol 24f (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Ethanol Formation ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic Conditions

Aeration by mechanical agitation of 15% wheat mash fermented by Aerobacillus polymyxa inhibited the formation of 2,3-butanediol and particularly of ethanol. Aeration of similar mashes by passage of finely dispersed air or oxygen at the rate of 333 ml. per minute per litre of mash increased the rate of formation and yield of 2,3-butanediol but inhibited ethanol formation. However, the over-all time required for the completion of fermentation was not shortened from the usual 72 to 96 hr. required for unaerated mashes. There was no evidence of a shift from fermentative to oxidative dissimilation. Under aerobic conditions, the final butanediol–ethanol ratio was approximately 3:1. Anaerobic conditions, as produced by the passage of nitrogen or hydrogen through the mash, increased the rate of formation of both butanediol and ethanol and shortened the fermentation time to about 48 hr. Under these conditions, the butanediol–ethanol ratio was reduced to about 1.3:1.0. Carbon dioxide gave a butanediol–ethanol ratio resembling that of anaerobic fermentation but did not reduce fermentation time.

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