scholarly journals Inhibition effects of Gorge Fischer plumbing system on growth and amplification of Legionella Pneumophila with culture and PCR based on 16sRNA and mip genes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Barzegar ◽  
Ghader Ghanizadeh ◽  
Davoud Esmaeili
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Legionella is an aquatic bacterium that causes Legionnaires' fever. Methods Fifty-six samples of the hot and cold-water system were collected. Characteristics of water samples were measured. Culture was performed in BCYE agar. Molecular identification was performed by PCR. Results The mean residual chlorine were 0.73 to 0.88 mg / l. Culture results were positive 58.8% of George Fischer and 23.5% of Ray Ho and 60% Taleghani hospital samples. PCR results based on 16sRNA were 35.2% of the George Fischer system, 45.4%, from Ray Ho piping and 54.5% from Taleghani hospital. the results of the mip gene, 82.3% of George Fischer, 54.5% of RayHo and 20% of Taleghani hospital were positive. Conclusion George Fischer’s Legionella stopper pipes and fittings have a good ability to control the growth Legion density in the indoor water supply system and can be considered as a suitable option for use in indoor plumbing and water supply.

scholarly journals A field study of the survival ofLegionella pneumophilain a hospital hot–water system

1990 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. D. Farrell ◽  
J. E. Barker ◽  
E. P. Miles ◽  
J. G. P. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Undetectable Level ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Water Feed ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYThe colonization, survival and control ofLegionella pneumophilain a hospital hot–water system was examined. The organism was consistently isolated from calorifier drain–water samples at temperatures of 50°C or below, despite previous chlorination of the system. When the temperature of one of two linked calorifiers was raised to 60°C, by closing off the cold–water feed, the legionella count decreased from c. 104c.f.u./l to an undetectable level. However, 10 min after turning on the cold–water feed which produced a fall in calorifier temperature, the count in the calorifier drain water returned to its original level. Investigations revealed that the cold–water supply was continually feeding the calorifiers withL. pneumophila. Simple modifications in the design of the system were made so that the cold–water feed no longer exceeds 20°C; these measures have considerably reduced the number ofL. pneumophilareaching the calorifiers.

scholarly journals Nosocomial legionella pneumonia: demonstration of potable water as the source of infection

1988 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ruf ◽  
D. Schürmann ◽  
I. Horbrach ◽  
K. Seodel ◽  
H. D. Pohle
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Supply System ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Legionella Pneumonia ◽  
Source Of Infection

SUMMARYFrom January 1983 until December 1985, 35 cases of sporadic nosocomial legionella pneumonia, all caused byLegionella pneumophila, were diagnosed in a university hospital.L. pneumophilaserogroup (SG) 1 was cultured from 12 of the 35 cases and compared to correspondingL. pneumophilaSG 1 isolates from water outlets in the patients' immediate environment by subtyping with monoclonal antibodies. The corresponding environmental isolates were identical to 9 out of 12 (75%) of those from the cases. However, even in the remaining three cases identical subtypes were found distributed throughout the hospital water supply. From the hospital water supply four different subtypes ofL. pneumophilaSG 1 were isolated, three of which were implicated in legionella pneumonia. Of 453 water samples taken during the study 298 (65.8%) were positive for legionellae. Species ofLegionellaother thanL. pneumophilahave not been isolated. This may explain the exclusiveness ofL.pneumophilaas the legionella pneumonia-causing agent. Our results suggest that the water supply system was the source of infection.

scholarly journals Detection ofLegionellaspp. from Domestic Water in the Prefecture of Arta, Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Dimitriadi ◽  
Emmanuel Velonakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this research was the isolation ofLegionellaspp. from domestic water supply networks in the Prefecture of Arta. A total of 100 water samples, from 25 houses, were collected. Half of the samples concerned the cold water and half the hot water supply. Purpose was to detect colonization of the water networks withLegionellaspp. >500 cfu/L by using the method of filtration (ISO 11731). Out of 100 samples, 6 samples from 3 houses were positive forLegionellaspp.Legionella pneumophilaserogroup 2–14 was isolated in 5 of 6 samples, whereas in the sixth sampleLegionella anisawas identified. Only three of the samples had residual chloride over 0.2 mg/L, rate which is necessary for potable water, according to the Greek hygienic practice. Concerning the temperature of hot water, the mean temperature of the negative forLegionellasamples was higher compared to the mean temperature of the positive forLegionellasamples (49.9°C versus 45.5°C). It is estimated that there is risk of infection through the use of showers. The low concentration of chloride and the temperature, which was found within the limits favorable to developingLegionellaspp. (20–45°C), provide fertile ground for proliferation of the bacteria.

scholarly journals Nosocomial Pneumonia Caused by Three Genetically Different Strains of Legionella pneumophila and Detection of These Strains in the Hospital Water Supply

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1160-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Christian Lück ◽  
Hans-Martin Wenchel ◽  
Jürgen H. Helbig
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Nosocomial Pneumonia ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Water System ◽  
Restriction Patterns ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Different Strains

A 44-year-old woman developed Legionella pneumophilapneumonia after cerebral surgery. Initially, one colony from a clinical specimen and two colonies from water samples, all belonging to serogroup 12, did not match when their DNA restriction patterns were compared. When additional colonies from the water specimens were analyzed, a serogroup 12 strain complementary to that found in the clinical specimen was identified. Other colonies from the clinical specimen were identified as serogroup 12 strains complementary to those identified from the water. In addition, the same serogroup 1 strain was isolated from the patient and the water system.

A simple method for the eradication ofLegionella pneumophilafrom potable water systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1189-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Moreno ◽  
Isabel de Blas ◽  
Francisca Miralles ◽  
David Apraiz ◽  
Vicente Catalan
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Simple Method

In this paper we describe a simple method, noncorrosive to pipes, for the eradication of Legionella pneumophila from potable water systems. This method is based on the systematic purging of the pipe networks with cold water containing 1 – 1.5 mg residual chlorine/L. In the hot water system, a new pipe bypassing the water heater was installed, whereas in the air conditioning system, the circuit is purged with water from the tap water system. The feasibility of this method was studied in two hotels in which the presence of Legionella was detected despite treatment of the water by the hyperchlorination method. The evolution of the presence of Legionella was studied by culture and polymerase chain reaction. Eighty samples from hotel A and sixty-seven samples from hotel B were analyzed during the time that the eradication method was applied. Our results showed that this method permitted the effective elimination of L. pneumophila after 5 months in hotel A and 7 months in hotel B.Key words: Legionella pneumophila, eradication.

scholarly journals Vulnerability based management of water resources systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Kanakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Water System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Maintenance Policy ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Resources Systems ◽  
Maintenance Schedule ◽  
Preventive Maintenance Policy

Must the water networks be fail-proof or must they remain safe during a failure? What must water system managers try to achieve? The present paper introduces a methodology for the hierarchical analysis (in time and space) of the preventive maintenance policy of water supply networks, using water supply system performance indices. This is being accomplished through a technical–economic analysis that takes into account all kinds of costs referring to the repair or replacement of trouble-causing parts of the water supply network. The optimal preventive maintenance schedule suggested by the methodology is compared with the empirically based maintenance policy applied to the Athens water supply system.

Architect Sinan's Kırkçeşme water supply system outside the city of Istanbul and city network

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-637
Author(s):  
Ali Uyumaz ◽  
İsmail Dabanlı
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Supply Line ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
City Network ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The City

The city of Istanbul has important water system remnants from old civilizations among which water line systems begun with Byzantine period and continued during Ottoman era, including Kırkçeşme water supply system. The original gallery structure within the Kırkçeşme system has been altered with time at some places as a result of necessary planning activities, restoration and repair works. All these activities helped to keep almost the system originality. Since its first opening in 1564, its discharge increased steadily as a result of additional drainage feeding line connections to the main gallery. However, through time only a couple of the 570 additional lines have remained in operation. Although other similar establishments have perished in time without leaving even traces, the Kırkçeşme system is its vivid and harmonious appearance in front of eyes even today. Four dams were constructed at the most convenient locations along the water supply lines from 1620 to 1818. The water from the streams was collected during the rainy season and discharged to the city at times of need with increasing capacity. In general, the Kırkçeşme system has two branches: one extends towards the east, which seemed to have more water, due to its feedback from the Kirazlı, Topuz and Paşa tributaries of the Kağıthane stream; the other branch is westwards which is fed by the Ayvad Deresi, Orta Dere and Bakraç Dere tributaries of the Kağıthane stream. All the water are brought together at Başhavuz (main pool) south of Kemerburgaz, where they collectively enter the main supply line crossing the Alibey Stream over the Mağlova Aqueduct, and then joining a branch from the Cebeciköy Stream and finally flow in towards the south. In a historical document called Tezkiret'ül Bünyan, (The Book of Structures) the author states that Sinan pledged to the Sultan about the existence of some old waterways. However, the Roman waterway still remains in the vicinity of Cebeciköy, which is located at a higher elevation than the Kırkçeşme water supply line but ran parallel to it. The water supply system should have integrated perspective for operation and maintenances. On the other hand, standing structures give to humanity the impression that the stability and design carry not only water, but also valuable cultural heritage. Moreover, they connect many civilizations with each other and also past as well as future.

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