scholarly journals The global usage rate of bed nets during the last ten years: a systematic review and  meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Hanafy Mahmoud ◽  
Ruth L. Chikuni ◽  
Gehad Mohamed Tawfik ◽  
Asmaa Ibrahim Rashidy ◽  
Ahmed Elsayad Salama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Usage Rate ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Ownership Rate ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: Malaria is an endemic disease especially in tropical areas transmitted by Anopheles mosquito through their bites. Therefore, bednets are one of the best methods for protection against their bites. However, many regions have limited access to bednets and limited knowledge about their importance. Objectives: Primary objectives were to estimate bednet possession and usage rate for last 10 years. Secondary objectives aimed to calculate the prevalence of specific bednets’ types.Methods: We performed an electronic search on 12 databases, and 106 studies were included obeying the criteria. Results: 106 studies included in our meta-analysis. Study participants were mostly from Africa while a few from Asia and southern America. Overall bednet ownership rate per households among countries was 72.1% (95% CI: 62.9-79.7) while per individuals was 52.5% (95% CI: 37-67.4). In addition, overall bednet usage rate per households among countries was 41.2% (95% CI: 25.1-59.3) same as bednet usage per individuals.Conclusion: Our study suggests that the bednet ownership and usage rate among different countries are less satisfactory, hence not maximizing the potential benefit of the bed net. There is a crucial need to increase awareness towards the bednet usage across endemic areas and implement programs for free distribution of bednets.

Global Usage Rate of Bed Nets During the Last Ten Years: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Hanafy Mahmoud ◽  
Ruth Lungu Chikuni ◽  
Gehad Mohamed Tawfik ◽  
Asmaa Ibrahim Rashidy ◽  
Ahmed Elsayad Salama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Usage Rate

Global Expression Studies of Schizophrenic Brain: A Meta-Analysis Study Linking Neurological Immune System with Psychological Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Karim ◽  
Mohammad A. Kamal ◽  
Zafar Iqbal ◽  
Shakeel A. Ansari ◽  
Mahmood Rasool ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
Expression Studies

scholarly journals Effect modification of the association between comorbidities and severe course of COVID-19 disease by age of study participants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Verónica Fernández Villalobos ◽  
Jördis Jennifer Ott ◽  
Carolina Judith Klett-Tammen ◽  
Annabelle Bockey ◽  
Patrizio Vanella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Comprehensive evidence synthesis on the associations between comorbidities and behavioural factors with hospitalisation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death due to COVID-19 is required for deriving national and international recommendations on primary targets for non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) and vaccination strategies. Methods We performed a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis on studies and publicly accessible data to quantify associations between predisposing health conditions, demographics, behavioural factors on the one hand and hospitalisation, ICU admission, and death from COVID-19 on the other hand. We provide ranges of reported and calculated effect estimates and pooled relative risks derived from a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Results Seventy-five studies were included in qualitative and 74 in quantitative synthesis, with study populations ranging from 19 to 44,672 COVID-19 cases. The risk of dying from COVID-19 was significantly associated with cerebrovascular [pooled relative risk (RR) 2.7 (95% CI 1.7–4.1)] and cardiovascular [RR 3.2 (CI 2.3–4.5)] diseases, hypertension [RR 2.6 (CI 2.0–3.4)], and renal disease [RR 2.5 (CI 1.8–3.4)], with high heterogeneity in pooled estimates, partly but not solely explained by age of study participants. For some comorbidities, our meta-regression showed a decrease in effect on the severity of disease with a higher median age of the study population. Compared to death, associations between several comorbidities and hospitalisation and ICU admission were less pronounced. Conclusions We obtained robust estimates on the magnitude of risk for COVID-19 hospitalisation, ICU admission, and death associated with comorbidities, demographic, and behavioural risk factors and show that these estimates are modified by age of study participants. This interaction is an important finding to be kept in mind for current vaccination strategies and for the protection of individuals with high risk for a severe COVID-19 course.

scholarly journals Chimeric Antigen Receptor T‐Cells Safety: A pharmacovigilance & meta‐analysis study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Dolladille ◽  
Stéphane Ederhy ◽  
Emilien Ezine ◽  
Sylvain Choquet ◽  
Lee S. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
Analysis Study

scholarly journals A minimal 3D model of mosquito flight behaviour around the human baited bed net

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Jones ◽  
Gregory P D Murray ◽  
Philip J McCall
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Flight Behaviour ◽  
Individual Agent ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Mosquito Behaviour

Abstract Background Advances in digitized video-tracking and behavioural analysis have enabled accurate recording and quantification of mosquito flight and host-seeking behaviours, facilitating development of individual (agent) based models at much finer spatial scales than previously possible. Methods Quantified behavioural parameters were used to create a novel virtual testing model, capable of accurately simulating indoor flight behaviour by a virtual population of host-seeking mosquitoes as they interact with and respond to simulated stimuli from a human-occupied bed net. The model is described, including base mosquito behaviour, state transitions, environmental representation and host stimulus representation. Results In the absence of a bed net and human host bait, flight distribution of the model population was relatively uniform throughout the arena. Introducing an unbaited untreated bed net induced a change in distribution with an increase in landing events on the net surface, predominantly on the sides of the net. Adding the presence of a simulated human bait dramatically impacted flight distribution patterns, exploratory foraging and, the number and distribution of landing positions on the net, which were determined largely by the orientation of the human within. The model replicates experimental results with free-flying living mosquitoes at human-occupied bed nets, where contact occurs predominantly on the top surface of the net. This accuracy is important as it quantifies exposure to the lethal insecticide residues that may be unique to the net roof (or theoretically any other surface). Number of net contacts and height of contacts decreased with increasing attractant dispersal noise. Conclusions Results generated by the model are an accurate representation of actual mosquito behaviour recorded at and around a human-occupied bed net in untreated and insecticide-treated nets. This fine-grained model is highly flexible and has significant potential for in silico screening of novel bed net designs, potentially reducing time and cost and accelerating the deployment of new and more effective tools for protecting against malaria in sub-Saharan Africa.

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