scholarly journals Landscape and tree community effects on the infestation of an endemic fungal pathogen in riparian forests were mediated by leaf traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binli Wang ◽  
Chengming Tian ◽  
Yingmei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
Pathogen Load

Abstract Background Plant pathogens are regarded as crucial agents shaping the dynamics of natural forest communities. Marssonina leaf spot of poplar is induced by an endemic pathogenic fungus Drepanopeziza populi, causing increased damage to riparian poplar stands in recent years. However, such endemic fungal diseases have received little attention at the landscape scale, despite the key role of landscape heterogeneity in the development and spread of emerging forest diseases. Moreover, most studies have insufficiently captured multiple ecological factors driving the infestation of an endemic pathogen acting at the landscape, community, and individual scales. Methods We measured pathogen load, disease prevalence, and disease severity of Marssonina leaf spot in poplars in riparian forests. We explored the direct and indirect effects of multiple ecological factors on pathogen infestation using a path analysis. Specifically, we first assessed the effects of landscape and community factors on leaf traits including leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC), and then examined the role of these factors in shaping disease dynamics. Results Path analysis showed that landscape features had no direct impact on leaf traits and pathogen infestation, but directly affected tree community composition. Landscapes with higher forest cover resulted in higher host density and tree diversity. Host density was the most important factor of pathogen load, with higher host density resulting in more symptomatic leaves. Tree diversity had direct effects on disease prevalence, with poplars growing in mixed forest stands far less affected by pathogens than in pure stands. Moreover, disease prevalence was positively related to pathogen load. Tree diversity strongly reduced SLA, but increased LDMC. Higher SLA was found to increase pathogen load and disease severity, but higher LDMC was found to reduce both of them. Conclusions Our results show that the effects of landscape and tree community on Marssonina leaf spot disease are mediated by leaf traits. Disentangling the effects of biotic and abiotic factors affecting pathogen infestation contributes to reduce the overall impact of this disease, which can provide policy makers with sustainable management of endemic plant diseases in natural forests.

scholarly journals Tree diversity and functional leaf traits drive herbivore‐associated microbiomes in subtropical China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Douglas Chesters ◽  
Ming‐Qiang Wang ◽  
Tesfaye Wubet ◽  
Andreas Schuldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Tree Diversity ◽  
Subtropical China

scholarly journals Group size and aquatic vegetation modulates male preferences for female shoals in wild zebrafish, Danio rerio

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Ghoshal ◽  
Anuradha Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Aquatic Vegetation ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Aquatic Flora ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Individual

AbstractShoaling decisions in the wild are determined by a combination of innate preferences of the individual along with the interplay of multiple ecological factors. In their natural habitat as well as in the laboratory, zebrafish is a shoaling fish. Here, we investigate the role of group size and associated vegetation in shaping shoaling preferences of wild male zebrafish. We studied the association preference of males to groups of female shoals in a multi-choice test design. We found that males made greater proportion of visits to an 8-female group compared to 2 and 4-female groups. However, males spent similar proportions of time across the three female-containing groups. When artificial vegetation was incorporated along with female number as an additional factor, we found that males prefer high and moderately vegetated patches compared to low or no-vegetation groups, irrespective of the number of females in these patches. Based on experiments using a novel multi-choice design, our results show that preference for group size can change due to interaction of two separate factors. This work is a first attempt to understand the role of aquatic flora in determining shoaling preferences in zebrafish, using an experimental paradigm consisting of a gradation in female and vegetation densities.

The Role of Riparian Forests in the Conservation of Butterflies in a Mediterranean Area

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.F. Galiano ◽  
A. Sterling ◽  
J.L. Viejo
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Riparian Forests

Social-ecological factors determine spatial variation in human incidence of tick-borne ehrlichiosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (9) ◽  
pp. 1911-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. BAYLES ◽  
B. F. ALLAN
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Local Regression ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
The Usa

SUMMARYThe spatial distribution of human cases of tick-borne diseases is probably determined by a combination of biological and socioeconomic factors. A zoonotic tick-borne pathogen, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, is increasing in human incidence in the USA. In this study, the spatial patterns of probable and confirmed E. chaffeensis-associated cases of ehrlichiosis from 2000 to 2011 were investigated at the zip-code level in Missouri. We applied spatial statistics, including global and local regression models, to investigate the biological and socioeconomic factors associated with human incidence. Our analysis confirms that the distribution of ehrlichiosis in Missouri is non-random, with numerous clusters of high incidence. Furthermore, we identified significant, but spatially variable, associations between incidence and both biological and socioeconomic factors, including a positive association with reservoir host density and a negative association with human population density. Improved understanding of local variation in these spatial factors may facilitate targeted interventions by public health authorities.

scholarly journals The role of silicon in suppressing gray leaf spot development in St. Augustinegrass

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2003 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Brecht ◽  
Lawrence Datnoff ◽  
Russell Nagata ◽  
Thomas Kucharek
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Gray Leaf Spot ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
University Of Florida

If you maintain St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) in Florida, its possible that gray leaf spot, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe grisea (Pyricularia grisea), will be a problem in your lawn or sod field. Research has proven the effectiveness of amendments of silicon (Si) to soils that are deficient in soluble Si (<25 mg/L) for control of diseases on a number of hosts including rice and sugarcane, which are regularly fertilized with Si in south Florida. This document is PP-67, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: July, 2003. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp114

scholarly journals The role of historical and ecological factors on initial survival of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcílio Fagundes ◽  
Fernanda Vieira da Costa ◽  
Suélen Ferreira Antunes ◽  
Maria Luiza Bicalho Maia ◽  
Antônio César Medeiros de Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Copaifera Langsdorffii

The ecology ofBartonellaspp. infections in two rodent communities in the Mazury Lake District region of Poland

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 137 (7) ◽  
pp. 1069-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENATA WELC-FALĘCIAK ◽  
ANNA BAJER ◽  
JERZY M. BEHNKE ◽  
EDWARD SIŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Rodent Communities

SUMMARYPrevalence and abundance ofBartonellaspp. infections were studied over a 3-year period in woodland and grassland rodents in North-Eastern Poland. Prevalence of bacterial infections was similar in the two rodent communities, with one leading host species in each habitat (46·3% inApodemus flavicollisversus 29·1% inMyodes glareolusin forest, or 36·9% inMicrotus arvalisversus 13·7% inMi. oeconomusin grassland). Prevalence/abundance of infections varied markedly across the 3 years with 2006 being the year of highest prevalence and abundance. Infections were more common during autumn months inMy. glareolusandA. flavicollis, and in juvenile and young adult (age classes 1 and 2)My. glareolusandMi. oeconomusthan in adults (age class 3). Higher prevalence and abundance ofBartonellainfections were found in maleA. flavicollisin comparison to females. These data are discussed in relation to the parasite genotypes identified in this region and with respect to the role of various ecological factors influencingBartonellaspp. infections in naturally infected host populations.

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