scholarly journals Merozoites of Theileria Orientalis Buffeli Reduce Parasitosis Following Challenge by Ticks Infested with T.Orientalis Ikeda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Emery ◽  
Susan de Burgh ◽  
Therese Hoang Hieu Hanh Dinh ◽  
Peter Rolls ◽  
Phillip Carter
Keyword(s):  
Field Experience ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Bovine Blood ◽  
Theileria Orientalis ◽  
Associated Production ◽  
And Control ◽  
Production Losses

Abstract Background: An investigation aimed to confirm whether immunisation with the “benign” buffeli genotype of Theileria orientalis could reduce the parasitosis of the virulent ikeda genotype. Methods: Calves were inoculated intravenously or subcutaneously with bovine blood containing merozoites of T.orientalis buffeli. When recipients became positive, they and control animals were challenged with unfed nymphs of Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks infested as larvae with T.orientalis ikeda. Results: All calves became positive for the challenge within 12 days after tick application. In the immunised calves, the first wave of parasitosis with T.orientalis ikeda from 4-6 weeks was reduced significantly by >80% before the infestation declined into the carrier state by 9 weeks. Conclusions: The results confirm the field experience with theileriosis in endemic zones where the carrier state appears to prevent clinical disease despite repeated, seasonal tick infestations with virulent genotypes of the parasite. This method offers a means to reduce the severity of the first wave of theilerial parasitosis after tick challenge and recover associated production losses.

Production benefits of breeding for worm resistance in Merino sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (13) ◽  
pp. 1643
Author(s):  
J. C. Greeff ◽  
L. J. E. Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Resistant Line ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Associated Production ◽  
Sheep Production ◽  
And Control ◽  
Production Losses

Context Production losses, due to worms and anthelmintic costs to control the infection, can affect the profitability of sheep production systems. Aims This study was carried out to quantify the production benefits of worm-resistant sheep. Methods Genetically worm-resistant and unselected control Merino rams were mated annually to 150 ewes in each of the Resistant and Control lines respectively over an 8-year period. All ewes and their progeny were managed in small replicated paddocks to prevent any cross-contamination between paddocks and groups. Fertility, growth, wool production, wool quality and worm resistance were measured on the ewes and their progeny. The data were analysed using mixed model methodology. Key results The progeny of the Resistant sires were on average 21–25% more worm resistant than the progeny of the Control sires. No significant differences were recorded in reproduction between mature ewes of the Resistant and Control lines, or in the survival rate of their lambs. Resistant line progeny were on average 1.6 kg heavier at weaning, received 15–17% less drenching during the experiment and produced on average 0.3 μm finer wool at hogget shearing than the Control line progeny. Conclusions It is concluded that the Resistant line coped better with a worm challenge and that this resulted in increased production. Implications This study shows that apart from improved worm resistance, there are associated production benefits in breeding for worm resistance.

scholarly journals A U.S. isolate of Theileria orientalis, Ikeda genotype, is transmitted to cattle by the invasive Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelcey D. Dinkel ◽  
David R. Herndon ◽  
Susan M. Noh ◽  
Kevin K. Lahmers ◽  
S. Michelle Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Theileria Orientalis ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background Theileria orientalis is a tick-borne hemoparasite that causes anemia, ill thrift, and death in cattle globally. The Ikeda strain of T.orientalis is more virulent than other strains, leading to severe clinical signs and death of up to 5% of affected animals. Within the Asia–Pacific region, where it affects 25% of Australian cattle, T.orientalis Ikeda has a significant economic impact on the cattle industry. In 2017, T.orientalis Ikeda was detected in a cattle herd in Albermarle County, Virginia, United States. Months earlier, the U.S. was alerted to the invasion of the Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, throughout the eastern U.S. Abundant H.longicornis ticks were identified on cattle in the T.orientalis-affected herd in VA, and a subset of ticks from the environment were PCR-positive for T.orientalis Ikeda. A strain of T.orientalis from a previous U.S. outbreak was not transmissible by H.longicornis; however, H.longicornis is the primary tick vector of T.orientalis Ikeda in other regions of the world. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether invasive H.longicornis ticks in the U.S. are competent vectors of T.orientalis Ikeda. Methods Nymphal H.longicornis ticks were fed on a splenectomized calf infected with the VA-U.S.-T.orientalis Ikeda strain. After molting, a subset of adult ticks from this cohort were dissected, and salivary glands assayed for T.orientalis Ikeda via qPCR. The remaining adult ticks from the group were allowed to feed on three calves. Calves were subsequently monitored for T.orientalis Ikeda infection via blood smear cytology and PCR. Results After acquisition feeding on a VA-U.S.-T.orientalis Ikeda-infected calf as nymphs, a subset of molted adult tick salivary glands tested positive by qPCR for T.orientalis Ikeda. Adult ticks from the same cohort successfully transmitted T.orientalis Ikeda to 3/3 naïve calves, each of which developed parasitemia reaching 0.4–0.9%. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that U.S. H.longicornis ticks are competent vectors of the VA-U.S.-T.orientalis Ikeda strain. This data provides important information for the U.S. cattle industry regarding the potential spread of this parasite and the necessity of enhanced surveillance and control measures.

scholarly journals A U.S. Isolate of Theileria Orientalis, Ikeda Genotype, is Transmitted to Cattle by the Invasive Asian Longhorned Tick, Haemaphysalis Longicornis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelcey D Dinkel ◽  
David Herndon ◽  
Susan M Noh ◽  
Kevin K Lahmers ◽  
S. Michelle Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Adult Tick ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Cattle Industry ◽  
Theileria Orientalis ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

Abstract BACKGROUNDTheileria orientalis is a tick-borne hemoparasite that causes anemia, ill thrift, and death in cattle globally. The Ikeda strain of T. orientalis is more virulent than other strains, leading to severe clinical signs and death in less than 5% of affected animals. Within the Asia-Pacific region, where it affects 25% of Australian cattle, T. orientalis Ikeda has a significant economic impact on the cattle industry. In 2017, T. orientalis Ikeda was detected in a cattle herd in Albermarle County, Virginia, United States. Months earlier, the U.S. was alerted to the invasion of the Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, throughout the eastern U.S. Abundant H. longicornis ticks were identified on cattle in the T. orientalis-affected herd in VA, and a subset of ticks from the environment were PCR-positive for T. orientalis Ikeda. A strain of T. orientalis from a previous U.S. outbreak was not transmissible by H. longicornis; however, H. longicornis is the primary tick vector of T. orientalis Ikeda in other regions of the world. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine whether invasive H. longicornis ticks in the U.S. are competent vectors of T. orientalis Ikeda. METHODSNymphal H. longicornis ticks were fed on a splenectomized calf infected with the VA-U.S.-T. orientalis Ikeda strain. After molting, a subset of adult ticks from this cohort were dissected, and salivary glands assayed for T. orientalis Ikeda via qPCR. The remaining adult ticks from the group were allowed to feed on three calves. Calves were subsequently monitored for T. orientalis Ikeda infection via blood smear cytology and PCR.RESULTSAfter acquisition feeding on a VA-U.S.-T. orientalis Ikeda-infected calf as nymphs, a subset of molted adult tick salivary glands tested positive by qPCR for T. orientalis Ikeda. Adult ticks from the same cohort successfully transmitted T. orientalis Ikeda to 3/3 naïve calves, each of which developed parasitemia reaching 0.4-0.9%.CONCLUSIONSOur findings demonstrate that U.S. H. longicornis ticks are competent vectors of the VA-U.S.-T. orientalis Ikeda strain. This data provides important information for the U.S. cattle industry regarding the potential spread of this parasite and the necessity of enhanced surveillance and control measures.

scholarly journals Haemaphysalis longicornis: the life-cycle on dogs and cattle, with confirmation of its vector status for Theileria orientalis in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 100022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Marendy ◽  
Kim Baker ◽  
David Emery ◽  
Peter Rolls ◽  
Ralph Stutchbury
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Theileria Orientalis

scholarly journals STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN NURSING PROFESSIONALS AND THE MICROORGANISM’S SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE TO ANTIMICROBIALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Pimenta Lopes ◽  
Daiana Patrícia Marchetti Pio ◽  
Lílian Andreia Fleck Reinato ◽  
Gilberto Gambero Gaspar ◽  
Marinésia Aparecida do Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Nasal Secretion ◽  
Penicillin Resistance ◽  
Erythromycin Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oxacillin Resistance ◽  
Nursing Professionals ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the carrier’s state and the susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from saliva and nasal secretion of nursing professionals to antibiotics. Method: cross-sectional study that used saliva and nasal secretion samples of 100 nursing professionals who provide care for patients with HIV/Aids. Results: forty-three percent of the participants presented positive saliva or nasal secretion samples for Staphylococcus aureus. Of the 74 nasal secretion samples with Staphylococcus aureus, 14.9% presented oxacillin resistance; 91.9% presented penicillin resistance; 44.6% presented erythromycin resistance, and 41.9% presented clindamycin resistance. Of the 12 positive saliva samples, 16.7% presented oxacillin resistance; 100.0% presented penicillin resistance; 33.4% presented erythromycin resistance, and 25.0% presented clindamycin resistance. Conclusion: nursing professionals, once aware of their carrier state of multi-resistant microorganisms, will supervise their care practices and more efficiently adopt measures for prevention and control of the epidemiological chain of these bacteria in their work environment.

Development and Field Experience of Digital Protection and Control Equipment in Power Systems

1982 ◽  
Vol PER-2 (11) ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
Tokio Sugiyama ◽  
Sigeaki Kameoka ◽  
Kouji Maeda ◽  
Akira Kaneda ◽  
Tadahiro Goda
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Field Experience ◽  
Control Equipment ◽  
Digital Protection ◽  
Protection And Control ◽  
And Control

Characterization and Technical Comparison Between Steel Tube Umbilicals and Thermoplastic Hoses Umbilicals

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre´ Athayde Gonc¸alves ◽  
Fernando Buscacio de Almeida ◽  
Marco Antoˆnio Dias ◽  
William Albuquerque da Silva ◽  
Yonathan Reboh
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Steel Tubes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Great Production ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
And Control ◽  
Production Losses

Subsea umbilicals are key part on the development of deep water fields. Generally, they are used to connect Platforms to all type of subsea equipment. Umbilicals’ component failure may result to great production losses. Traditionally, Petrobras uses thermoplastic hoses for chemical injection and control applications in its subsea systems; it has acquired a great deal of technical knowledge. Nevertheless, in recently presented layouts, the steel tubes have gained importance worldwide and this was due the increased water depth, integrity and higher pressure / higher temperature. This present paper makes a technical comparison between Steel Tube Umbilicals and Thermoplastic Hose Umbilicals with focus on Petrobras experience. The first part analyzes material selection criteria considering each structure type. Subjects such as material, welding and construction of both types are commented. This work also points to important subjects that suppliers must consider when designing and manufacturing umbilicals. The second part presents the Petrobras’ qualification tests of control umbilicals. Some of the tests that are used for steel tubes, thermoplastic hoses and high collapse resistant hoses are listed as well. On the third part, the focuses are the fatigue analysis, installation procedures and corrosion aspects. The work concludes listing some advantages and disadvantages when using Steel Tube Umbilicals or Thermoplastic Hoses Umbilicals, considering Petrobras scenarios.

Evaluation of Anti-fouling Surfaces for Prevention of Mineral Scaling in Sub-surface Safety Valves

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Charpentier ◽  
A.. Neville ◽  
S.. Baraka-Lokmane ◽  
C.. Hurtevent ◽  
J-R.. Ordonez-Varela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Scale Removal ◽  
Associated Production ◽  
Safety Risks ◽  
Strontium Sulfate ◽  
Mineral Scaling ◽  
Mineral Scale ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Production Losses

Abstract Mineral scale formation and deposition in down-hole completion equipment such as subsurface safety valves can cause dramatic and unacceptable safety risks and associated production losses and operational costs. Current scale removal strategies involve both mechanical and chemical technologies, each of them having their own advantages depending on the type of mineral scale and its location. However, these techniques are often costly and of limited efficiency. The current study assesses the ability of a range of chemically and morphologically modified coatings to prevent/reduce mineral scale surface fouling. Building-up on previous work done under static conditions, this paper presents results from scaling tests under laminar and turbulent dynamic conditions using a rotating cylinder electrode under in a complex (mixed) scaling environment (supersaturated w.r.t. calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, strontium sulfate, barium carbonate and strontium carbonate). The study shows that if properly selected, surface treatments represent a promising approach to reduce scale deposition on downhole equipment surfaces that are critical to maintain equipment functionality and thereby well safety barrier integrity. By analyzing the scaling behaviors observed within the set of surfaces tested, suggestions of the controlling factors in anti-fouling on these systems are presented and discussed.

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