Soil Respiration and N-Mineralization Processes in the Patagonian Steppe Are More Responsive to Nutrient Than to Water Addition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisina Carbonell-Silletta ◽  
Agustin Cavallaro ◽  
Daniel A. Pereyra ◽  
Javier O. Askenazi ◽  
Guillermo Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Arid Ecosystems ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Patagonian Steppe ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
P Addition

Abstract Aims: Soil respiration and N-mineralization are key processes in C and N cycling of terrestrial ecosystems. Both processes are limited by soil temperature, moisture and nutrient content in arid and cold ecosystems, but how nutrient addition interacts with water addition requires further investigation. This study addresses the effects of water and N+P additions on soil respiration and mineralization rates in the Patagonian steppe.Methods: We measured soil respiration and N-mineralization throughout seasons in control, fertilized, irrigated and irrigated-fertilized plots. We also analyzed root density and soil physico-chemical properties.Results: The soil CO2 effluxes in the Patagonian steppe were controlled by soil temperature, soil water content and root density. Increases in water addition had no effects on soil respiration, except when combined with N+P addition. However, soil nutrient enrichment without water addition enhanced soil respiration during the plant growing season. We found a linear positive relationship between root density and soil respiration, without interaction with treatments. N+P addition had negative impacts on N-mineralization, resulting in a strong N-immobilization. However, soil ammonium and nitrate content increased with N+P addition all over the seasons.Conclusion: Moderate increases in the precipitation through small pulses lead to no long-term response of soil processes in arid and cold Patagonian ecosystems. However, soil CO2 effluxes are likely to increase with nutrient additions, such as anthropogenic N deposition, and microbial biomass could retain more nutrients in the soil. Therefore, high levels of N enrichment in arid ecosystems may strengthen the positive feedback between C cycle and climate change.

Spatial and temporal effects of soil temperature and moisture and the relation to fine root density on root and soil respiration in a mature apple orchard

2010 ◽  
Vol 342 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Ceccon ◽  
Pietro Panzacchi ◽  
Francesca Scandellari ◽  
Luca Prandi ◽  
Maurizio Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Root Density ◽  
Temporal Effects ◽  
Mature Apple ◽  
Fine Root Density ◽  
Soil Temperature And Moisture

Responses of Soil Respiration to Precipitation Changes in Mongolian Pine Plantation at Horqin Sandy Lands in Northeast China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4545-4551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Ping Fan ◽  
Xue Kai Sun ◽  
Fa Yun Li ◽  
Qiong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Precipitation Changes

Soil respiration as a major flux in the global carbon cycle plays an important role in regulating soil carbon pools. Global climatic changes including warming and a changing precipitation pattern could have a profound impact on soil respiration of terrestrial ecosystems, especially in arid and semiarid region where water is limited. We conducted a field experiment to simulate precipitation changes in a Mongolian pine plantation at Horqin sandy lands. The results indicated that, soil respiration was significantly affected by reduced rainfall treatment and water addition treatment in 9 experiment plots. Soil respiration rates in the water addition treatment plots increased about 40.7% to 166.4% and decreased about 34.0% to 70.0% in the reduced rainfall treatment plots. A model of the relationships between soil respiration and moisture with temperature was obtained by an empirical equation. Through operating the model, it was indicated that the highest soil respiration rate occurred at high soil water contents and intermediate soil temperatures in 9 plots. In the combined responses of soil respiration to soil temperature and soil moisture, soil temperature as a single independent variable explained only 29.9% of variance in soil respiration, and soil moisture was 71.3% of variance in soil respiration. It was concluded from our results that precipitation compared with soil temperature dominated more significantly the variability of ecosystem soil respiration in semiarid sandy lands.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the soil respiration response to soil reclamation in a coastal wetland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiliang Song ◽  
Yihao Zhu ◽  
Weifeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Seasonal Scale ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractThe soil carbon (C) pools in coastal wetlands are known as “blue C” and have been damaged extensively owing to climate change and land reclamation. Because soil respiration (RS) is the primary mechanism through which soil carbon is released into the atmosphere at a global scale, investigating the dynamic characteristics of the soil respiration rate in reclaimed coastal wetlands is necessary to understand its important role in maintaining the global C cycle. In the present study, seasonal and diurnal changes in soil respiration were monitored in one bare wetland (CK) and two reclaimed wetlands (CT, a cotton monoculture pattern, and WM, a wheat–maize continuous cropping pattern) in the Yellow River Delta. At the diurnal scale, the RS at the three study sites displayed single-peak curves, with the lowest values occurring at midnight (00:00 a.m.) and the highest values occurring at midday (12:00 a.m.). At the seasonal scale, the mean diurnal RS of the CK, CT and WM in April was 0.24, 0.26 and 0.79 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, and it increased to a peak in August for these areas. Bare wetland conversion to croplands significantly elevated the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. The magnitude of the RS was significantly different at the three sites, and the yearly total amounts of CO2 efflux were 375, 513 and 944 g CO2·m−2 for the CK, CT and WM, respectively. At the three study sites, the surface soil temperature had a significant and positive relationship to the RS at both the diurnal and seasonal scales, and it accounted for 20–52% of the seasonal variation in the daytime RS. The soil water content showed a significant but negative relationship to the RS on diurnal scale only at the CK site, while it significantly increased with the RS on seasonal scale at all study sites. Although the RS showed a noticeable relationship to the combination of soil temperature and water content, the synergic effects of these two environment factors were not much higher than the individual effects. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that the RS was also influenced by the soil physico-chemical properties and that the soil total nitrogen had a closer positive relationship to the RS than the other nutrients, indicating that the soil nitrogen content plays a more important role in promoting carbon loss.

scholarly journals TIME-INTEGRATED COLLECTION OF CO2 FOR 14C ANALYSIS FROM SOILS

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Shawn Pedron ◽  
X Xu ◽  
J C Walker ◽  
J C Ferguson ◽  
R G Jespersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Molecular Sieve ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Silicone Tubing ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Cleaning Procedures

ABSTRACT We developed a passive sampler for time-integrated collection and radiocarbon (14C) analysis of soil respiration, a major flux in the global C cycle. It consists of a permanent access well that controls the CO2 uptake rate and an exchangeable molecular sieve CO2 trap. We tested how access well dimensions and environmental conditions affect collected CO2, and optimized cleaning procedures to minimize 14CO2 memory. We also deployed two generations of the sampler in Arctic tundra for up to two years, collecting CO2 over periods of 3 days–2 months, while monitoring soil temperature, volumetric water content, and CO2 concentration. The sampler collects CO2 at a rate proportional to the length of a silicone tubing inlet (7–26 µg CO2-C day-1·m Si-1). With constant sampler dimensions in the field, CO2 recovery is best explained by soil temperature. We retrieved 0.1–5.3 mg C from the 1st and 0.6–13 mg C from the 2nd generation samplers, equivalent to uptake rates of 2–215 (n=17) and 10–247 µg CO2-C day-1 (n=20), respectively. The method blank is 8 ± 6 µg C (mean ± sd, n=8), with a radiocarbon content (fraction modern) ranging from 0.5875–0.6013 (n=2). The sampler enables more continuous investigations of soil C emission sources and is suitable for Arctic environments.

Ecological responses of Stipa steppe in Inner Mongolia to experimentally increased temperature and precipitation. 3. Soil respiration

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuexia Wang ◽  
Yali Chen ◽  
Yulong Yan ◽  
Zhiqiang Wan ◽  
Ran Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Soil Respiration Rate ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

The response of soil respiration to simulated climatic warming and increased precipitation was evaluated on the arid–semi-arid Stipa steppe of Inner Mongolia. Soil respiration rate had a single peak during the growing season, reaching a maximum in July under all treatments. Soil temperature, soil moisture and their interaction influenced the soil respiration rate. Relative to the control, warming alone reduced the soil respiration rate by 15.6 ± 7.0%, whereas increased precipitation alone increased the soil respiration rate by 52.6 ± 42.1%. The combination of warming and increased precipitation increased the soil respiration rate by 22.4 ± 11.2%. When temperature was increased, soil respiration rate was more sensitive to soil moisture than to soil temperature, although the reverse applied when precipitation was increased. Under the experimental precipitation (20% above natural rainfall) applied in the experiment, soil moisture was the primary factor limiting soil respiration, but soil temperature may become limiting under higher soil moisture levels.

scholarly journals Distinct patterns in the diurnal and seasonal variability in four components of soil respiration in a temperate forest under free-air CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3077-3092 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Taneva ◽  
M. A. Gonzalez-Meler
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Free Air ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Strong Control ◽  
Average Contribution

Abstract. Soil respiration (RS) is a major flux in the global carbon (C) cycle. Responses of RS to changing environmental conditions may exert a strong control on the residence time of C in terrestrial ecosystems and in turn influence the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. Soil respiration consists of several components oxidizing soil C from different pools, age and chemistry. The mechanisms underlying the temporal variability of RS components are poorly understood. In this study, we used the long-term whole-ecosystem 13C tracer at the Duke Forest Free Air CO2 Enrichment site to separate forest RS into its autotrophic (RR) and heterotrophic components (RH). The contribution of RH to RS was further partitioned into litter decomposition (RL), and decomposition of soil organic matter (RSOM) of two age classes – up to 8 yr old and SOM older than 8 yr. Soil respiration was generally dominated by RSOM during the growing season (44% of daytime RS), especially at night. The contribution of heterotrophic respiration (RSOM and RL) to RS was not constant, indicating that the seasonal variability in RR alone cannot explain seasonal variation in RS. Although there was no diurnal variability in RS, there were significant compensatory differences in the contribution of individual RS components to daytime and nighttime rates. The average contribution of RSOM to RS was greater at night (54%) than during the day (44%). The average contribution of RR to total RS was ~30% during the day and ~34% during the night. In contrast, RL constituted 26% of RS during the day and only 12% at night. About 95% of the decomposition of soil C older than 8 yr (Rpre-tr) originated from RSOM and showed more pronounced and consistent diurnal variability than any other RS component; nighttime rates were on average 29% higher than daytime rates. In contrast, the decomposition of more recent, post-treatment C (Rpre-tr) did not vary diurnally. None of the diurnal variations in components of RH could be explained by only temperature and moisture variations. Our results indicate that the variation observed in the components of RS is the result of complex interaction between dominant biotic controls (e.g. plant activity, mineralization kinetics, competition for substrates) over abiotic controls (temperature, moisture). The interactions and controls among roots and other soil organisms that utilize C of different chemistry, accessibility and ages, results in the overall soil CO2 efflux. Therefore understanding the controls on the components of RS is necessary to elucidate the influence of ecosystem respiration on atmospheric C-pools at different time scales.

Comparison of soil respiration among three temperate forests in Changbai Mountains, China

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 788-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Yanling Jiang ◽  
Bingrui Jia ◽  
Fengyu Wang ◽  
Guangsheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Changbai Mountains ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Coniferous Plantation

CO2 efflux from forest soils is an important process in the global carbon cycle; however, effects of stand age and successional status remain uncertain. We compared soil respiration and its relationship to soil carbon content, forest floor mass, root biomass, soil temperature, and soil moisture content among three temperate forest ecosystems in Changbai Mountains, northeastern China, from 2003 to 2005. Forest types included an old-growth, mixed coniferous and broad-leaved primary forest (MN), a middle-aged, broad-leaved secondary forest (BL), and a young coniferous plantation forest (CP). Average annual soil CO2 efflux at BL (1477.9 ± 61.8 g C·m–2·year–1) was significantly higher than at CP (830.7 ± 48.7 g C·m–2·year–1) and MN (935.4 ± 53.3 g C·m–2·year–1). Differences in soil temperature among those sites were not statistically significant but contributed to the differences in annual CO2 efflux. In addition, the temperature response of soil CO2 efflux was higher at MN (Q10 = 2.78) than that at BL (Q10 = 2.17) and CP (Q10 = 2.02). Our results suggest that successional stage affects soil respiration by the differences in substrate quantity and quality, environmental conditions, and root respiration.

scholarly journals Soil respiration on an aging managed heathland: identifying an appropriate empirical model for predictive purposes

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 3007-3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Kopittke ◽  
E. E. van Loon ◽  
A. Tietema ◽  
D. Asscheman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Experimental Planning ◽  
Improve Model ◽  
Level Model

Abstract. Heathlands are cultural landscapes which are managed through cyclical cutting, burning or grazing practices. Understanding the carbon (C) fluxes from these ecosystems provides information on the optimal management cycle time to maximise C uptake and minimise C output. The interpretation of field data into annual C loss values requires the use of soil respiration models. These generally include model variables related to the underlying drivers of soil respiration, such as soil temperature, soil moisture and plant activity. Very few studies have used selection procedures in which structurally different models are calibrated, then validated on separate observation datasets and the outcomes critically compared. We present thorough model selection procedures to determine soil heterotrophic (microbial) and autotrophic (root) respiration for a heathland chronosequence and show that soil respiration models are required to correct the effect of experimental design on soil temperature. Measures of photosynthesis, plant biomass, photosynthetically active radiation, root biomass, and microbial biomass did not significantly improve model fit when included with soil temperature. This contradicts many current studies in which these plant variables are used (but not often tested for parameter significance). We critically discuss a number of alternative ecosystem variables associated with soil respiration processes in order to inform future experimental planning and model variable selection at other heathland field sites. The best predictive model used a generalized linear multi-level model with soil temperature as the only variable. Total annual soil C loss from the young, middle and old communities was calculated to be 650, 462 and 435 g C m−2 yr−1, respectively.

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