Effect of Climatic Gradient on Species Diversity and Structure of Faidherbia Albida Parkland in Burkina Faso (West Africa)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocent Charles Emmanuel TRAORE ◽  
Alhassane Zaré ◽  
Loyapin Bondé ◽  
Djaka Doré ◽  
Bossila Séraphin Hien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Climatic Gradient ◽  
Faidherbia Albida ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Climatic Zones

Abstract Background: Faidherbia albida parkland provide many ecosystem goods and services to people, ranging from provisioning to regulating services. Despite this importance, these parks are degraded due to overexploitation, which is accentuated by the adverse effects of climate change. In this context of climate change, little information exists on the state of these F. albida parkland, particularly their diversity and structure along the North-South climatic gradient. This study aims to determine the effect of climatic gradient of F. albida parklands in order to provide updated data for sustainable management. Floristic diversity and population structure were assessed through forest inventories in the three climatic zones of Burkina Faso. Thus, 99 circular plots of 1 ha were sampled in three zones, including 33 per climatic zone. The data processing concerned the calculation of diversity indices (Shannon, Piélou equitability, and species richness), importance value indices, and the calculation of the means of the dendrometric parameters. The analyses were based on the comparison of medians using the Kruskal-wallis test, and the effect of the climatic gradient on the different variables was tested using generalized linear models. All of these analyses were carried out using the R.4.0.5 software. Results: The dendrometric parameters and floristic diversity vary significantly (Pv˂0.05) according of climatic zone. Furthermore, based on ecological importance value indices and diameter class structure, the majority of dominant species (11) show a regressive dynamic in all three climatic zones characterized by abundance of old individuals at expense of young ones. This reflects an ageing and continuous destruction of these parklands. However, species such as V. tortilis (Sahelian zone) and A. indica (Sudano-Sahelian and Sudanian zones) show good dynamics. As for F. albida, its structure is regressive in all climatic zones.Conclusion: Although the climatic gradient has a significant effect on the diversity and species structure of F. albida parkland, their current dynamics are thought to be due to unsustainable management of local populations.

scholarly journals Configuration and intercomparison of deep learning neural models for statistical downscaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2109-2124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Baño-Medina ◽  
Rodrigo Manzanas ◽  
José Manuel Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Statistical Downscaling ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Learning Techniques

Abstract. Deep learning techniques (in particular convolutional neural networks, CNNs) have recently emerged as a promising approach for statistical downscaling due to their ability to learn spatial features from huge spatiotemporal datasets. However, existing studies are based on complex models, applied to particular case studies and using simple validation frameworks, which makes a proper assessment of the (possible) added value offered by these techniques difficult. As a result, these models are usually seen as black boxes, generating distrust among the climate community, particularly in climate change applications. In this paper we undertake a comprehensive assessment of deep learning techniques for continental-scale statistical downscaling, building on the VALUE validation framework. In particular, different CNN models of increasing complexity are applied to downscale temperature and precipitation over Europe, comparing them with a few standard benchmark methods from VALUE (linear and generalized linear models) which have been traditionally used for this purpose. Besides analyzing the adequacy of different components and topologies, we also focus on their extrapolation capability, a critical point for their potential application in climate change studies. To do this, we use a warm test period as a surrogate for possible future climate conditions. Our results show that, while the added value of CNNs is mostly limited to the reproduction of extremes for temperature, these techniques do outperform the classic ones in the case of precipitation for most aspects considered. This overall good performance, together with the fact that they can be suitably applied to large regions (e.g., continents) without worrying about the spatial features being considered as predictors, can foster the use of statistical approaches in international initiatives such as Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX).

scholarly journals Local climate change signals and changes in climate extremes in a typical Sahel catchment: the case of Dano catchment, Burkina Faso

2021 ◽  
pp. 100285
Author(s):  
Gloria C. Okafor ◽  
Isaac Larbi ◽  
Emmanuel C. Chukwuma ◽  
Clement Nyamekye ◽  
Andrew Manoba Limantol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Local Climate Change

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal climate and vegetation greenness changes and their nexus for Dhidhessa River Basin, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizachew Kabite Wedajo ◽  
Misgana K. Muleta ◽  
Berhan Gessesse ◽  
Sifan A. Koriche
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Vegetation Greenness ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies

Abstract Background Understanding spatiotemporal climate and vegetation changes and their nexus is key for designing climate change adaptation strategies at a local scale. However, such a study is lacking in many basins of Ethiopia. The objectives of this study were (i) to analyze temperature, rainfall and vegetation greenness trends and (ii) determine the spatial relationship of climate variables and vegetation greenness, characterized using Normalized Difference in Vegetation Index (NDVI), for the Dhidhessa River Basin (DRB). Quality checked high spatial resolution satellite datasets were used for the study. Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope method were used for the trend analysis. The spatial relationship between climate change and NDVI was analyzed using geographically weighted regression (GWR) technique. Results According to the study, past and future climate trend analysis generally showed wetting and warming for the DRB where the degree of trends varies for the different time and spatial scales. A seasonal shift in rainfall was also observed for the basin. These findings informed that there will be a negative impact on rain-fed agriculture and water availability in the basin. Besides, NDVI trends analysis generally showed greening for most climatic zones for the annual and main rainy season timescales. However, no NDVI trends were observed in all timescales for cool sub-humid, tepid humid and warm humid climatic zones. The increasing NDVI trends could be attributed to agroforestry practices but do not necessarily indicate improved forest coverage for the basin. The change in NDVI was positively correlated to rainfall (r2 = 0.62) and negatively correlated to the minimum (r2 = 0.58) and maximum (r2 = 0.45) temperature. The study revealed a strong interaction between the climate variables and vegetation greenness for the basin that further influences the biophysical processes of the land surface like the hydrologic responses of a basin. Conclusion The study concluded that the trend in climate and vegetation greenness varies spatiotemporally for the DRB. Besides, the climate change and its strong relationship with vegetation greenness observed in this study will further affect the biophysical and environmental processes in the study area; mostly negatively on agricultural and water resource sectors. Thus, this study provides helpful information to device climate change adaptation strategies at a local scale.

scholarly journals Changes in Woody Vegetation over 31 Years in Farmed Parkland of the Central Plateau, Burkina Faso

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
Koichi Takenaka ◽  
Kenta Ikazaki ◽  
Saïdou Simporé ◽  
François Kaboré ◽  
Natacha Thiombiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
West Region ◽  
Sapling Survival ◽  
Tree Composition ◽  
Insight Into

Farmed parklands of the Central Plateau, Burkina Faso, integrate native woody vegetation with managed cropland. However, sapling survival in the parklands is increasingly threatened. This study characterized woody vegetation abundance along a 2.7 km long transect in the Doulou Basin, Boulkiemdé Province, Central West Region, to assess changes in vegetation composition since 1984. In addition, a householder survey was conducted to gain insight into tree uses and preferences and residents’ knowledge of regulations. In total, 4999 individuals from 26 tree species were recorded, including 123 individuals (11 species) with stem DBH ≥ 5 cm, and 4876 individuals (21 species) with stem DBH < 5 cm. The three species with the highest importance value index provided fruit for sale or self-consumption. Tree abundance was associated with soil type and topography; highest abundance was on Lixisol soils along the lower transect. Soil degradation and preference changes among residents since 1984 may have influenced tree abundance. Certain beneficial species (e.g., Vitellaria paradoxa) have declined in abundance, and certain exotics (Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus camaldulensis) have expanded in distribution. Respondents expressed strongest interest in three species, including V. paradoxa, that show high versatility. These results supported the recorded tree composition. The respondents generally understood forest conservation regulations. Dissemination of regreening technology and awareness promotion among residents is essential for sustainable tree use in farmed parklands.

scholarly journals Assessment of Farmers’ Vulnerability to Climate Change in Agro-Climatic Zones of Pakistan: An Index Based Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumaila Sadiq ◽  
Abdul Saboor ◽  
Fouzia Jamshaid ◽  
Abdul Qayyum Mohsin ◽  
Azeem Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change

scholarly journals Ecosystemic Services Linked to Water and Plant diversity of the San José de Chazo-Santa Fe de Galán Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Murillo Conterón ◽  
R. Peña Murillo ◽  
D. Román Robalino
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Palabras Clave

In the higher part of the Santa Fe de Galán parish, intensive agricultural activities are carried out that cause problems of erosion, disappearance of species of fauna and flora, decrease in water and deterioration of páramo areas due to the advance of the agricultural frontier. These activities present a threat to the sustainability of the San José de Chazo-Santa Fe de Galán region, due to the degradation of its natural resources that directly affect the vital development of 1200 families belonging to this region. The present investigation aims to study ecosystem services linked to water, as well as floristic diversity, for which data was collected and systematized from the Ciénega páramo in the San José de Chazo-Santa Fe de Galán region. According to the data collected on floristic diversity, 29 samples of terrestrial vascular plants were registered, corresponding to 18 families, 26 genera and 29 species; moss and lichen of unidentified family, genus and species were also collected. The highest index of importance value by species and family was presented by the moss with 20.39% and 18.17%, respectively. The average monthly flow during the February–May period observed through the volumetric method was 6.34 L/s. Keywords: capacity, flow, diversity, paramo, ecosystem services, sustainability. Resumen En la parte alta de la Parroquia Santa Fe de Galán se desarrollan actividades agropecuarias intensivas que provocan problemas de erosión, desaparición de especies de fauna y flora, disminución del agua y deterioro de áreas de páramo por el avance de la frontera agrícola. Estas actividades representan una amenaza para la sostenibilidad de la Regional San José de Chazo– Santa Fe de Galán, debido a la degradación de sus recursos naturales que inciden directamente en el desarrollo vital de 1200 familias pertenecientes a esta Regional. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar los servicios ecosistémicos ligados al agua y diversidad florística, cuyos datos fueron recolectados y sistematizados del páramo de la Ciénega en la Regional San José de Chazo–Santa Fe de Galán. De acuerdo con los resultados de diversidad florística se registró 29 muestras de plantas vasculares terrestres, correspondiente a 18 familias, 26 géneros y 29 especies, también se recolectó musgo y liquen de familia, género y especie no identificados. El mayor índice de valor de importancia por especie y familia lo presentó el musgo con 20,39% y 18,17%, respectivamente. El caudal promedio mensual durante el período febrero – mayo a través del método volumétrico fue de 6,34 L/s. Palabras clave: aforo, caudal, diversidad, páramo, servicios ecosistémicos, sostenibilidad.

scholarly journals Institutional Barriers to Climate Change Adaptation in Burkina Faso: How could We Go around Them?

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Fiacre Basson ◽  
Djibril S. Dayamba ◽  
Joel Korahire ◽  
Jean M. Dipama ◽  
Francois Zougmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Key Stakeholders

Despite the existence of a National Adaptation Plan to climate change (NAP) in Burkina Faso, operationalizing adaptation still face a number of challenges. The current study focused on identifying institutional barriers to the strategic objectives of climate change adaptation (CCA) using a literature review and semi-structured interviews conducted with key stakeholders / resource persons involved in the implementation of the NAP. The results revealed a weak collaboration between the NAP steering institution and the ministerial departments covered by the NAP. This situation, first, hampers the implementation of adaptation actions and secondly, the monitoring reporting and verification of adaptation initiatives. Further, the analysis revealed that lack of financial resources poses constraints to many actions that were to be taken by the steering institution and therefore creates poor ownership of the NAP by the main stakeholders that should be actively involved in the NAP process. To cope with the various constraints, it is necessary to have strong political support in many aspects. For instance, it was judged that institutionalizing the role of climate change (CC) focal point within the ministries and embedding NAP monitoring and evaluation (M&amp;E) objectives and indicators with existing functional M&amp;E systems in the sectorial ministries will ease CCA actions integration in operational plans, their implementation and documentation. Moreover, it is relevant to have a continuous capacity building plan to keep stakeholders updated on climate change issues as this will support them in their mandate of mainstreaming CC into ministerial operational plans and lead to optimal CCA implementation and monitoring.

scholarly journals Weather Differentials and Discount Rate Impact on Farmers’ Net Revenue: Modeling Results from Ghanaian Data Focusing on Different Agro-Climatic Zones

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150012
Author(s):  
Isaac Dasmani ◽  
Samuel K. N. Dadzie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Net Revenue ◽  
Using Data

In most developing countries, climate variabilities and discount rate played an integral role in the decision-making of farmers, which mostly affect their net revenue. Our study employs Ricardian models to empirically verify this hypothesis using data collected from three major agro-climatic zones in Ghana. We particularly estimated the comparative effect of climate change variability, discount rate, and soil fertility; due to trade-off effect of certain farm practices in response to climate change across major climatic zones and also the fact that discount rate becomes an extremely critical issue in formulating and evaluating conservation and management policy to address climate change. The result indicates that discount rate has a positive and significant effect on the farmers’ net revenue. Further, effect of changes in temperature on food crop production and hence net revenue is more felt in the forest and savannah zones. On the other hand, an increase in rainfall has significant negative effects on crop net revenues and whole-farm net revenue, but a positive effect on net revenue of farmers in the savannah zone. We also found a significant increase in soil fertility to increase crop net revenues.

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