Molecular investigation of the virucidal activity of proanthocyanidin from Alpinia zerumbet against the influenza A virus

Abstract Proanthocyanidins (PACs) have various bioactivities, such as being anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, and anti-oxidant. Consequently, they have been vigorously studied for the development of new natural bioactive compounds. Recently, AzPAC was isolated from the medicinal plant Alpinia zerumbet, and it was found to inhibit the infection of animal viruses, influenza A viruses (IAVs), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. The virucidal activity of AzPAC means that it can interact directly with viral particles. However, few studies have investigated the preventive mechanism utilized by AzPAC on influenza virus replication. In this study, the composition of AzPAC and the affinity between AzPAC and IAVs was investigated in detail. We found that AzPAC was composed of an epicatechin monomer, which was linked by inter-flavan bonds between the C4 and C8 positions (B2-type) and the C4 and C6 positions (B5-type) in the terminal units of the PAC. A quenching assay indicated that AzPAC interacted with IAV membrane proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Additionally, circular dichroism analysis indicated that AzPAC affected the change in the secondary structure rate of the viral membrane proteins. AzPAC was able to impair the infective process of IAVs via direct interaction with their viral membrane proteins. These results indicate that A. zerumbet is an invaluable bioresource for the development of preventive drugs against IAV infection.

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Virucidal activity of Moringa A from Moringa oleifera seeds against Influenza A Viruses by regulating TFEB

International Immunopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107561 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 95 ◽

pp. 107561

Author(s):

Yongai Xiong ◽

Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka ◽

Hafiza Mahreen Mehwish ◽

MengXun Zhang ◽

Ning Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Virucidal Activity ◽

Influenza A Viruses

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Randomly primed, strand-switching, MinION-based sequencing for the detection and characterization of cultured RNA viruses

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638720981019 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 104063872098101

Author(s):

Kelsey T. Young ◽

Kevin K. Lahmers ◽

Holly S. Sellers ◽

David E. Stallknecht ◽

Rebecca L. Poulson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Rna Viruses ◽

False Negative ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Hemorrhagic Disease ◽

Coverage Depth ◽

Influenza A Viruses ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Diarrhea Virus

RNA viruses rapidly mutate, which can result in increased virulence, increased escape from vaccine protection, and false-negative detection results. Targeted detection methods have a limited ability to detect unknown viruses and often provide insufficient data to detect coinfections or identify antigenic variants. Random, deep sequencing is a method that can more fully detect and characterize RNA viruses and is often coupled with molecular techniques or culture methods for viral enrichment. We tested viral culture coupled with third-generation sequencing for the ability to detect and characterize RNA viruses. Cultures of bovine viral diarrhea virus, canine distemper virus (CDV), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, 2 influenza A viruses, and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus were sequenced on the MinION platform using a random, reverse primer in a strand-switching reaction, coupled with PCR-based barcoding. Reads were taxonomically classified and used for reference-based sequence building using a stock personal computer. This method accurately detected and identified complete coding sequence genomes with a minimum of 20× coverage depth for all 7 viruses, including a sample containing 2 viruses. Each lineage-typing region had at least 26× coverage depth for all viruses. Furthermore, analyzing the CDV sample through a pipeline devoid of CDV reference sequences modeled the ability of this protocol to detect unknown viruses. Our results show the ability of this technique to detect and characterize dsRNA, negative- and positive-sense ssRNA, and nonsegmented and segmented RNA viruses.

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Study of the medicine MestaMidin®-nos virucidal activity of against influenza and ARD pathogens

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2021-12-174-180 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174-180

Author(s):

A. A. Shtro ◽

A. V. Galochkina ◽

Yu. V. Nikolaeva ◽

G. D. Petukhova ◽

V. A. Fedorova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Organic Pollution ◽

The Body ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

Virucidal Activity ◽

Influenza A Viruses ◽

Spread Of Infection

Introduction. Respiratory diseases have always been a serious threat to public health, but in 2020 the situation deteriorated significantly due to the rapid development of the coronavirus infection COVID-19. Due to the lack of available means of ethiotropic therapy and the still insufficient coverage of the general population with vaccination, disinfectants, as well as topical preparations that prevent the penetration of the virus into the body, play an important role in preventing the spread of infection.Aim of the study. This work is devoted to the study of the virucidal activity of the medicine Mestamidin-nos against respiratory viruses, namely influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial, adenovirus and seasonal coronavirus.Materials and methods. This study was carried out by the suspension method according to MU 3.5.2431-08 “Study and assessment of the virucidal activity of disinfectants”.Results. It was shown that for all studied viruses the use of the compound for 60 minutes led to a complete (up to 0 lgTID50) or sufficient (4 lgTID50) decrease in the viral titer. In the case of a study of a compound with a protein load (imitating strong organic pollution), the effectiveness of the compound was significantly reduced against influenza A viruses, one of the strains of influenza B virus, adenovirus and seasonal coronavirus.Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the effective inhibition of pathogens of influenza and acute respiratory infections using the compound MesaMidin®-nos in the absence of strong organic pollution.

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