scholarly journals Effects of Insight With Obsessive Beliefs and Metacognition Appraisal On Symptoms’ Severity Among Patients With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safaa Ali ◽  
Nawa Souilm
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Beliefs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Negative Predictor

Abstract Background: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is among the top ten devastating mental disorders. Psychiatric nurses have significant roles in its diagnosis and management. Aim of the study: to investigate the effects of insight with obsessive beliefs and metacognition appraisal on the severity of symptoms among patients with OCD. Subjects and methods: This case-control study was conducted in the outpatient clinics at El Maamoura Mental Health Hospital. It included 69 OCD patients recruited from the setting, and 69 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. A self-administered questionnaire Yale Brown OCD Scale, Overvalued Ideas Scale (OVIS), and Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30) was used in data collection. The fieldwork was from October 2020 to March 2021. Results: Most patients were diagnosed with OCD at <30 years age (78.3%), and 39.1% tried self-management. OCD patients’ scores of Yale Brown, OVIS, and MCQ-30 were significantly higher than controls (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between Yale Brown severity and OVIS insight scores (r=0.459). The multivariate analysis revealed that OVIS score is the strongest independent positive predictor of the Yale Brown severity score, while good family relations is a negative predictor. As for the MCQ-30, the control thoughts score was a positive predictor, and the self-consciousness score a negative predictor. Conclusion and recommendations: OCD patients have poorer insight and more maladaptive metacognitive beliefs in comparison with healthy controls. Although poor insight has a significant negative impact on OCD severity, the effects of metacognition still need further research. The study recommends training programs to improve the insight of OCD patients. Further research addressing the role of metacognition in OCD is warranted.

Brain 5-HT function in obsessive-compulsive disorder

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fineberg ◽  
A. Roberts ◽  
S. A. Montgomery ◽  
P. J. Cowen
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Advantage ◽  
Neuroendocrine Function ◽  
Prolactin Response ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Drug Free

BackgroundDrugs that potentiate brain serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission are effective in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), but it is unclear whether disturbances in brain 5-HT function play a role in the pathophysiology of OCD.MethodWe studied the prolactin response to the selective 5-HT releasing agent d-fenfluramine in 14 non-depressed, drug-free OCD patients, and 14 healthy controls matched for age and gender.ResultsThe prolactin response to d-fenfluramine was significantly increased in OCD patients compared with controls.ConclusionsThe disparate results of studies of 5-HT neuroendocrine function in OCD make it unlikely that disturbances of brain 5-HT function play a central role in the pathophysiology of OCD. Increased brain 5-HT neurotransmission in non-depressed OCD subjects may represent an adaptive neurobehavioural mechanism which can be amplified to therapeutic advantage by treatment with 5-HT potentiating drugs.

Distinct clinical manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder are associated with cortical thickness alteration

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110096
Author(s):  
Hai-di Shan ◽  
Ya-fei Liu ◽  
Qing Zhao ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Yong-ming Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Beliefs ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Background: Although brain structural changes have been reported in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), results from previous studies have been inconsistent. A growing number of studies have focused on obsessive beliefs and impulsivity which could be involved in the occurrence and maintenance of OCD symptoms. The present study aimed to examine whether there are distinct brain structural changes in patients with different OCD subgroups. Methods: Eighty-nine patients with OCD and 42 healthy controls were recruited to undergo structural magnetic resonance imaging brain scan. OCD patients were classified into subgroups according to scores of the Obsessive Belief Questionnaire (OBQ-44) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) using cluster analysis. Group comparisons in cortical thickness and subcortical volumes between all OCD patients and healthy controls, as well as between subgroups of OCD patients and healthy controls, were carried out. Results: OCD patients with more obsessive beliefs and attentional impulsivity (OCD_OB_AT) had reduced cortical thickness at the inferior parietal gyrus, the superior and middle temporal gyrus and the insula compared with OCD patients with higher score on the non-planning impulsivity (OCD_NP, corrected p < 0.05). The whole group of OCD patients and both subgroups showed reduced cortical thickness at the superior parietal gyrus compared with controls (uncorrected p < 0.01, number of vertices > 100). Conclusion: Our results suggest that apart from distinct phenomenology, there are distinct neural correlates of different OCD subgroups based on obsessive beliefs and impulsivity. These neural correlates may have clinical significance and should be considered in future research.

Quality of Life in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (S4) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Andrea Allen ◽  
Julio Bobes ◽  
Jane L. Eisen ◽  
M. L. Figuera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Occupational Function

AbstractThe construct of quality of life (QOL), which has both subjective and objective components, has gained increasing importance in psychiatric research for several important reasons, not the least being the current importance of pharmacoeconomic issues. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been suggested to be the worlds 10th most disabling disorder, and pharmacoeconomic studies have indicated that its cost to the world economy runs into the billions of dollars. The use of QOL scales derived from general medicine and other areas of psychiatry has demonstrated the enormous negative impact of OCD on several domains, including occupational function, social function, and family function. Further work to ascertain the extent of changes in QOL during treatment of OCD is necessary.

scholarly journals Association study between the -62A/T NFKBIL1 polymorphism and obsessive-compulsive disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quirino Cordeiro ◽  
Carolina Cappi ◽  
Aline Santos Sampaio ◽  
Selma Aliotti Palácios ◽  
Carlos Alberto de Bragança Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Objective Evidence ◽  
Gene Enhancer ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
And Gender

OBJECTIVE: Evidence from family and molecular genetic studies support the hypothesis of involvement of immunologic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. The nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-like 1 (NFKBIL1) has been suggested as a modulator of the immunological system. Given the importance of NFKBIL1 in the immunological response, the present study investigated the -62A/T polymorphism (rs2071592), located in the promoter region of its gene (NFKBIL1), as a genetic risk factor for the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder. METHOD: The -62A/T NFKBIL1 polymorphism was investigated in a sample of 111 patients who met DSM-IV criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder and 272 healthy age- and gender-matched controls. RESULTS: There were no differences in genotypic distributions between patients and controls (χ2 = 0.98; 2 d.f.; p = 0.61). DISCUSSION: Despite these negative findings, more comprehensive polymorphism coverage within the NFKBIL1 is warranted in larger samples. Populations with different ethnic backgrounds should also be studied. CONCLUSION: The results of the present investigation do not provide evidence for the association between the -62A/T NFKBIL1 polymorphism and obsessive-compulsive disorder in this Brazilian sample.

The inner world of overactive monitoring: neural markers of interoception in obsessive–compulsive disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1957-1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yoris ◽  
A. M. García ◽  
L. Traiber ◽  
H. Santamaría-García ◽  
M. Martorell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Cognitive Profile ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Inner World ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Internal Body

BackgroundObsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) patients typically overmonitor their own behavior, as shown by symptoms of excessive doubt and checking. Although this is well established for the patients’ relationship with external stimuli in the environment, no study has explored their monitoring of internal body signals, a process known to be affected in anxiety-related syndromes. Here, we explored this issue through a cardiac interoception task that measures sensing of heartbeats. Our aim was to explore key behavioral and electrophysiological aspects of internal-cue monitoring in OCD, while examining their potential distinctiveness in this condition.MethodWe administered a heartbeat detection (HBD) task (with related interoceptive confidence and awareness measures) to three matched groups (OCD patients, panic disorder patients, healthy controls) and recorded ongoing modulations of two task-relevant electrophysiological markers: the heart evoked potential (HEP) and the motor potential (MP).ResultsBehaviorally, OCD patients outperformed controls and panic patients in the HBD task. Moreover, they exhibited greater amplitude modulation of both the HEP and the MP during cardiac interoception. However, they evinced poorer confidence and awareness of their interoceptive skills.ConclusionsConvergent behavioral and electrophysiological data showed that overactive monitoring in OCD extends to the sensing of internal bodily signals. Moreover, this pattern discriminated OCD from panic patients, suggesting a condition-distinctive alteration. Our results highlight the potential of exploring interoceptive processes in the OCD spectrum to better characterize the population's cognitive profile. Finally, these findings may lay new bridges between somatic theories of emotion and cognitive models of OCD.

EEG-source estimates and vigilance regulation in obsessive compulsive disorder in comparison to healthy controls

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 977-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Olbrich ◽  
S. Olbrich ◽  
I. Jahn ◽  
U. Hegerl ◽  
K. Stengler
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Eeg Power

Neurophysiological hyperactivation of cortical and subcortical brain areas has been reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using functional imaging techniques and electroencephalography (EEG). Also sleep disturbances and delayed sleep phases have been associated with OCD symptomatology. However, vigilance regulation in OCD during the transition phase from wakefulness to sleep onset remains unclear. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyze EEG-source estimates and EEG vigilance regulation in OCD patients in comparison to healthy controls.A 15 minute resting EEG was recorded in 30 unmedicated OCD patients and 30 healthy, age and gender matched controls. EEG power source estimates of the whole time series were computed by exact Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (eLORETA). Each consecutive one second EEG-segment was classified into one out of seven EEG-vigilance stages (0, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2/3, C) using Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL). The eLORETA analysis (log of F-ratios, p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparison) revealed significantly increased delta power in the right superior frontal gyrus for OCD patients in comparison to healthy controls. Vigilance analysis yielded significantly increased amounts of high vigilance stage A2 (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.001, corrected for multiple comparison) for OCD patients.This study repeated findings of altered EEG-power in frontal areas in OCD patients. Alterations of EEG-vigilance regulation were found with increased amounts of high vigilance stage A2. This is in line with a hypothesis of cortical hyperactivation in OCD. The value of EEG-vigilance as a possible biological marker for e.g. treatment response should be focus of further studies.

scholarly journals Executive functioning in Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Long Chen ◽  
Oskar Flygare ◽  
John Wallert ◽  
Jesper Enander ◽  
Volen Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Stop Signal Task ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Objective: To assess executive functions in patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) compared with healthy controls. Methods: Adults diagnosed with BDD (n=26) or OCD (n=29) according to DSM-5, and healthy controls (n=28) underwent validated and computerized neuropsychological tests; spatial working memory (SWM), Intra- extra dimensional set shifting (IED) and Stop signal task (SST), from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Test performance was compared between groups, and correlated to standardized symptom severity of BDD and OCD. Significance level was set to p<0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant between-group differences on key outcome measures in SWM, IED, or SST. There was a weak positive correlation between symptom severity and test errors on SWM and IED in both OCD and BDD groups; increased clinical severity were associated with more errors in these tests. Further, there was a negative correlation between symptom severity and SST in the BDD group. Conclusions: Patients with BDD or OCD did not differ from healthy control subjects in terms of test performance, however there were several statistically significant correlations between symptom severity and performance in those with BDD or OCD. More studies on EF in BDD and OCD are required to elucidate if there are differences in EF between these two disorders.

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