scholarly journals A 21st Century Security Architecture for the Americas: Multilateral Cooperation, Liberal Peace, and Soft Power

Author(s):  
Joseph R. Nunez
Author(s):  
Nina Græger

Middle powers have played a key role in supporting global governance, a rules-based order, and human rights norms. Apart from conveying and effectuating global solidarity and responsibility, multilateral cooperation has been an arena where middle powers seek protection and leverage relatively modest power to greater effect, sometimes as “helpful fixers” to great powers. This article argues that geopolitical revival and the contestation of the liberal order are challenging middle powers' traditional sheltering policies, based on empirical evidence from the Norwegian case. First, the weakening of multilateral organizations is making middle powers more vulnerable to great power rivalry and geopolitics, and Norway's relationship with Russia is particularly pointed. Second, existing shelters such as NATO and bilateral cooperation with the US are negatively affected by the latter's anti-liberal foreign policies, making looser sheltering frameworks important supplements. While Norway's and other middle powers' traditional policies within the “soft power” belt may continue, “doing good” may become less prioritized, due to the need for security.


2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Yusuf Abubakar Mamud ◽  
Oboshi J Agyeno

The fight against terrorism has long relied on military intervention and hard power strategy to curb terror threats. Current reality and the spade at which youths who are radicalized under the banner of religion to carry out terrorist activities has called for more attention paid on alternative counterterrorism (CT) measures and policies. CT initiatives should be broadened to accommodate soft power approach that interrupts the radicalization and recruitment of civilians into violent extremism and terrorism. It is revealed that more terrorist actions and violent extremism had been undertaking by youths that professed the Islamic faith more than any in the 21st century. The worrisome trend has called the development of UMMAH as a CT strategy to understand the narratives and messaging exploited by recruiters and facilitators of violent extremism as a religious obligation. The strategy demands a counter narrative and messages that would replace the message of hate, violence and bigotry, with love, peace, tolerance and coexistence.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Codó ◽  
Jessica McDaid

Abstract Although the figure of the English language assistant (ELA) dates back a long while, its current popularity is unprecedented in some areas of the world. Such is the case of Spain, where the goal of raising English standards among the younger generations has become a national obsession. Using critical ethnographic methods, this paper examines the experience of three British LAs placed in secondary schools in Barcelona. It draws on a focused case study of one of them – combined with ethnographic snapshots of the other two, interviews with school teachers and regional programme administrators, relevant programme publications, and social media data. The analysis reveals three major tensions shaping the ELA experience in the 21st century revolving around: (a) the underspecified and unskilled nature of the job; (b) its culturalist imagination and state diplomacy mission; and (c) the native speaker ideology constituting its raison d’être. This paper provides new insights into the intertwining of the ELT infrastructure with global travel and tourism capitalised as skill boosters for employability purposes, and showcases the importance of foreign language education as a soft power tool.


Author(s):  
James M. Dorsey

The battle for the soul of Islam is about much more than countering political violence and suppressing political Islam. It is a long-drawn-out, decades-long battle for religious soft power in which multiple Middle Eastern and Asian states compete for recognition as leader of the Muslim world and to be drivers of a largely undefined “moderate,” tolerant, and pluralistic interpretation of an Islam that at a minimum engages in interfaith dialogue. The rivals employ religion to garner favor, empathy, and goodwill in the corridors of power in the United States and Europe as well as among influential Jewish and Christian communities. At the same time, the battle for the soul of Islam is also a struggle to redefine what Islam represents in a 21st-century world.


2021 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Natalia Bogoliubova

The modern cultural dialogue between Russia and Brazil is being developed quite successfully and actively. One of the original areas of cooperation is the ties in the field of ballet art. In this study, based on the rich and varied material of sources and the latest publications on this topic, the authors attempted to show the role of choreographic ties in cultural cooperation between Russia and Brazil, to consider ballet as an instrument of “soft power” and an effective image-forming tool. The article shows the bilateral nature of the dialogue between Russia and Brazil at the beginning of the 21st century, identifies those important forms of professional cooperation in the field of ballet art that determine the modern nature of the possibility of a dialogue. Independent attention in this study is paid to the unique educational form of modern ties – Bolshoi Theatre ballet school in Joinville, which has already trained talented artists, the winners of international competitions and the laureates of prestigious choreographic awards. The article presents a qualitative analysis of the forms of choreographic cooperation and shows their role in the dialogue between the two countries. The methodological approaches were formulated by the authors based on the set goal, taking into account the interdisciplinary nature of the stated topic – to consider the ties between Russia and Brazil in the field of choreographic art, as an important area of bilateral contacts, foreign cultural policy of the two countries and an instrument of “soft power”. The research methodology includes a comparative method, which made it possible to identify the general and the specific in the choreographic ties between Russia and Brazil at the present stage of cooperation, to note the dynamics of these ties. The descriptive approach provided an opportunity to consider and to describe the events (competitions, tours, joint projects) that united Russia and Brazil in the field of choreographic art at the beginning of the 21st century, and which are an original form of choreographic collaboration. The biographical approach allowed recreating the biographies of ballet dancers – participants in the dialogue. We applied such general scientific methods as analysis and synthesis in our work.


Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panos Kourgiotis

This essay addresses the ideological utilization of religion in the international relations of the United Arab Emirates during the Arab Spring and beyond. By referring to the theoretical framework of public diplomacy and analyzing UAE regional and domestic attitudes, this essay intends to examine the politics of ‘moderate Islam’ in line with: (a) the monarchy’s nation building visions for the 21st century; (b) its national rebranding strategies; (c) its geopolitical empowerment in the Gulf and the Middle East. Throughout our analysis, it is argued that even though ‘moderate Islam’ has been devised for creating ‘soft power’, it serves ‘sharp power’ as well. As will become obvious, this has been mainly the case as far as the containment of Political Islam is concerned.


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