RACE, MILIEU, AND MOMENT IN “TITANIC” BY JAMES CAMERON: HISTORICAL APPROACH

Literary criticism is defined as a science and try to investigate literary work with analyse and comparison. The purpose of this study is to get some information and to identify the race milieu and moment in literary work. Outlined Hipollyte Taine perspective in three concepts, namely (1) race, (2) Milieu, and (3) Moment. This phenomenon occurs in Titanic film by James Cameron. The researcher using Qualitative descriptive methods to analyse race, milieu and moment in Titanic film by James Cameron. The data collected by recording the data. Data analysed using Hippolyte Taine and Guerin theory for historical biographical approach. The result of analysis found that the disparity in the status of ship passengers for the poorer and upper classes is depicted in James Cameron's film Titanic as evidence of social class inequality. Because of his act of obtaining an award despite being in the lower class, Jack, as a class representative, does not have the right to be considered a person at the bottom. Mileu pits the position of social class against the community, which is backed up by the class division. Meanwhile, Moment is viewed through the lens of a social class that exists between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat, as evidenced by the numerous forms of discrimination discovered.

The History of Science as “the History of Rare Fluctuations of Thought and Scientific Work ... like Archimedes and Newton”

The article examines the scientific and biographical approach to the history of science and especially its version, which can be called the method of personification of history. Both methods were proposed by S. I. Vavilov and both are associated with his understanding of the history of science as “a sequence of rare fluctuations of thought and scientific work ... like Archimedes and Newton”. The method of personification of history is illustrated on a number of large-scale fragments of the history of physics of the 19th and 20th centuries. Five cases of such personification are considered. This is, first of all, the case of G. Monge, who personified the science and technology of revolutionary France (analyzed by Vavilov himself). Two casesrefer to two scientific revolutions in physics of the 20th century (to the quantum-relativistic – the case of A. Einstein and to the gauge-field – the case of M. Gell-Mann). And, finally, two cases of personification of the history of Russian physics. In the first, not one, but two essentially opposite key figures of Russian physics on the eve of the scientific revolution are considered: N. A. Umov and P. N. Lebedev. The second case is S. I. Vavilov himself, who in many ways personified the development of Soviet physics in the first half of the 20th century.

K.M. Takhtarev is one of the First Professional Sociologists in Russia. To the 150th Anniversary of His Birth

Introduction. The article presents the fate and work of the famous Russian sociologist Konstantin Mikhailovich Takhtarev (1871–1925), who would have turned 150 years old in 2021. He was one of the first professional sociologists who played an important role in the institutionalization of Russian sociology. His works and other deeds are still not fully comprehended and, therefore, are insufficiently used in research and in the process of training sociologists. The article presents the main results of his work and the direction of his activities in organizing sociological knowledge in Russia.Methodology and sources. The article implements a historical and biographical approach combined with a comparative analysis of the life and scientific fate of the famous Russian sociologist K. M. Takhtarev, professor of the St Petersburg University (1911–1925). His main works and the results of his activities on the institutionalization of Russian sociology are analyzed.Results and discussion. The name of K.M. Takhtarev stands next to such names as M.M. Kovalevsky, N.I. Kareev, A.S. Lappo-Danilevsky, E.V. de Roberti, P.A. Sorokin, etc. His contribution to the institutionalization of Russian sociology is very significant. He was one of the first to prepare complete textbooks, created his own system of sociology (P. Sorokin), was one of the organizers of the M.M. Kovalevsky Russian Sociological Society, which confirmed the formation of the Russian sociological community. The creation of the country's first sociological institute is associated with his name. N.I. Kareev called him and P.A. Sorokin the first professional sociologists of Russia. The article shows his understanding of the subject of sociology, the basic concepts that reveal the essence of social life, its evolution, through the stages of self-sufficiency – the foundations of his theory. The significance of the systematization of sociological ideas carried out by him, which formed the basis of his system of sociology, is revealed. The role of Takhtarev in the development of genetic sociology as a sociological direction studying the dynamics of forms of society and social institutions is emphasized.Conclusion. The significance of K.M. Takhtarev's ideas for today's sociology is shown and it is argued that it is necessary to refer to his works today. The special relevance of the logic of building his own system of sociology, research experiments in the field of genetic sociology, the substantiation of social laws and the classification of social laws are emphasized.

Transformation of Graphic into Conceptual Artist: Innovations, Games and Improvisations

The paper problematizes the work and evolution of a Bulgarian artist from the point of view of the biographical approach, his artistic interventions and his re-legitimization as a contemporary artist. It discusses various aspects of contemporary art from the point of view of the artist, his interventions, market demands, the underlying contradictions, as well as the transformative tendencies in the small graphics. The paper argues that it is necessary to expand the understanding of contemporary art with certain actions of artists.

Interpretation of jurisprudence and law in the doctrine of T. E. Holland

The subject of this research is the legal doctrine of the leading representative of English legal positivism of the last quarter of the XIX – first third of the XX centuries of Thomas Erskine Holland. The article is dedicated to examination of the two key aspects of his concept – comprehension of the nature of jurisprudence as a science, and law as a type of social norm. Leaning on the classic work of the British jurist “The Elements of Jurisprudence” (1880), the author defines the understanding of jurisprudence and law, reveals the historical-cultural meaning of Holland's legal doctrine for the subsequent development of English jurisprudence. Methodological framework is comprised of the historical approach, elements of biographical approach, techniques and procedures of legal hermeneutics, rules and techniques of formal logic, and elements of comparative-legal method. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that this article is first within Russian legal science to conduct the concept analysis of the key theoretical-legal definitions (jurisprudence and law) of T. Holland’s doctrine, as well as reveal the ideological interrelation between the views of the British jurist and the founders of analytical jurisprudence. The author also substantiates the position, according to which Holland's approach towards comprehension of the nature of jurisprudence as a science can be defined as dogmatic. T. Holland's contribution to the development of legal positivism consists in argumentation of the formal and analytical nature of legal science, as well as in carrying out gradual differentiation of positive law from natural and social norms, and analysis of the crucial theoretical concepts of legal science.

Meters of Ukrainian children's choral art: Eleonora Vinogradova (on the occasion of the 90th anniversary)

The purpose of the article is to analyze the creative activity of the outstanding representative of the national choral culture Eleonora Vinogradova. To substantiate the importance of the choral conductor's personality and its influence on the formation of modern children's choral performance. To outline the multifaceted activity of E. Vinogradova as a choral conductor, teacher, music, and public figure in the context of active universalism. Understand that the biography of a creative person is an expression of the most typical features of the era, its basic ideas, and is a reflection of historical and socio-cultural events. Methodology. Features of the biographical approach allow us to explore the artist's biography as a way of reconstructing the cultural-historical concept. A systematic chronological approach is being implemented. The scientific novelty lies in the expediency of research and replenishment of new facts of E. Vinogradova's biography from the point of view of the development of choral culture. An attempt was made to recreate for the first time, full of selfless work, the creative path of the artist with an awareness of the essential characteristics of a particular historical period, its culture. Conclusions. According to archival documents and other information sources, the process of formation and formation of professional principles, as well as stylistic features of E. Vinogradova's creative activity is analyzed. The leading sphere of creative activity is defined, namely, the activity of the choral conductor. It is emphasized that the outstanding choral conductor and teacher, the representative of the Kyiv conducting and choral school Eleonora Vinogradova is an active participant of the Ukrainian artistic life with high professional potential. The high cultural potential of the universal creative personality of the conductor-teacher in the processes of formation and development of the national musical culture is proved.

Personal and communicative qualities of the showman: self-made man Larry King

The purpose of the article is to analyze the main milestones in the life and personality qualities of Larry King, which influenced the formation of his communication skills as a professional showman. The methodology combines art history, cultural studies, and historical approaches. A biographical approach was used to analyze the main milestones in the life and work of Larry King. At the same time, general scientific research methods are involved: analysis, synthesis, generalization, etc. Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian science, the stages of life, personal and communicative qualities of Larry King, which influenced his formation as the most famous American showman of the twentieth century, are analyzed. Conclusions. Larry King can be considered a man who made himself. Getting rid of shyness, being able to choose a topic for conversation, attracting an interlocutor, etc. are the main qualities of a successful showman, which can be developed even without proper education. Also, the life and work of Larry King allow us to conclude that the ability to communicate - one of the most important in any profession and in any personal relationship. The art of conversation, negotiation, or interview makes us not only successful interlocutors but also a person who can reach great heights in the profession and reach people's hearts. This is evidenced not only by the life story of the showman but also the popularity of his highest-rated talk show on television "Larry King Live", the success of which is largely due to the personal and communicative qualities of the host.

Introduction

This chapter explains who the Kenneys were, provides biographical detail about the family and the individual sisters, and sets out the political, economic, social, and cultural context in which they grew up. It shows that, despite the rhetoric of sisterhood which often characterizes feminist politics, friendship rather than family has been central to suffrage studies, and argues that the family needs to be given greater consideration. It also explains the place of class in suffrage historiography and the relationship between the women’s and labour movements as a way into understanding the relative lack of work on suffrage militants. The chapter sets out the source material which forms the basis for this study, explains the thematic biographical approach, and summarizes the chapters which follow.

Who are the Young People Who Engage as Youth Representatives? Routes into Formal Youth Participation

Young people’s participation—or lack thereof—has been an area of broad debate in youth policy in recent decades. A key argument is that young people’s participation is seen as vital for the future of democracy (as young people are seen as the future of societies) and that youth policies need to establish youth representation structures where young people learn democratic citizenship like youth councils or youth parliaments. However, there is some ambivalence associated with such forms of participation. On the one hand, only a minority of young people seem to consider them a ‘real’ opportunity for influence, while, on the other hand, analysis has revealed the paternalistic structures of such adult-led youth participation. Both require and contribute to the reproduction of a specific adult citizenship habitus. Indeed, some young people participate in youth representation which we refer to as ‘formal participation’. The aim of this paper is to understand why and how these young people actually engage in institutionalised forms of youth participation that according to most of their peers are ineffective and irrelevant. Research has been limited on this question to date, although—as we argue—such knowledge not only identifies the conditions and requirements under which young people follow the call of being ‘made’ citizens (Hall et al., 1999) but also sheds light on why so many young people do not participate in formal youth participation that they feel does not fit their needs and interests. Based on qualitative interviews with young people involved in different forms of youth representation in three different European cities conducted in the context of a European research project, the paper adopts a biographical approach and aims to answer the question of what makes young people become and stay involved in youth councils, youth parliaments, and/or youth organisations. Against the background of exemplary biographical cases, key dimensions of formal participation biographies are elaborated that explain why certain young people are attracted to rather than deterred from acquiring an adult citizenship habitus. A key finding is that such biographies are not so much the result of value-driven education processes but are functional for coping with specific biographical constellations.