Development and Testing of a Multiple Frequency Continuous Wave Radar for Target Detection and Classification

Open, systematic, and global approaches are needed to address the challenges of aeroconservation and pest management. Recent technical progress enables deeper investigation and understanding of aeroecology. Radar plays a central role in flying species monitoring in the global scope. The technology provides various ways of target detection and tracking, working for multiple ranges and different visibility. The existing technology allows deploying global monitoring of avian and insect species. This work discusses the essentials of the technology and the history of its application for bird and insect detection. The author describes the development of the topic according to the main groups of radar approaches: pulsed sets, vertical-looking solutions, harmonic systems, and efficient frequency modulated continuous wave radar. Advances in big data processing, robotics, computation, and communications enable practitioners to combine the discussed radar solutions aiming at global avian and insect biodiversity monitoring and negative human impact systematic estimation.

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X-band Gunn diode oscillator for a multiple-frequency continuous-wave radar for educational purposes

IEEE Transactions on Education ◽

10.1109/te.2002.804391 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 316-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M.A. Solano ◽

J.S. Ipina ◽

J.-M. Zamanillo ◽

C. Perez-Vega

Keyword(s):

Continuous Wave ◽

Gunn Diode ◽

Multiple Frequency ◽

X Band ◽

Wave Radar ◽

Diode Oscillator ◽

Gunn Diode Oscillator

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Foreign Object Debris Automatic Target Detection for Millimeter-Wave Surveillance Radar

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21113853 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 3853

Author(s):

Fei Qin ◽

Xiangxi Bu ◽

Yunlong Liu ◽

Xingdong Liang ◽

Jihao Xin

Keyword(s):

Long Range ◽

Millimeter Wave ◽

Target Detection ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Detection Algorithm ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Foreign Object ◽

Long Distance ◽

Automatic Target Detection ◽

Wave Radar

Foreign Object Debris (FOD) refers to any foreign material on the airfield that may injure and threaten the aircraft and airport system. Due to the complex background on the airfield pavement and weak target echoes in long-distance monitoring, it is not easy to detect objects of various types and sizes. The existing FOD radar system’s detection method has a short effective range, and the detectable objects’ radar cross-section intensity is no less than −20 dBsm. In this paper, we propose an integrated FOD automatic target detection algorithm for millimeter-wave (MMW) surveillance radar to improve small target detection under long-range conditions of over 660 m. The signal form of FOD and a clutter model of ground clutter received by millimeter-wave radar are primarily utilized and established theoretically. The runway edge detection means that it is employed based on the in-continuity features as the runway region of interest during the automatic extraction step. Following the clutter map constant false alarm detection algorithm, we utilize a time-domain algorithm that functions as the vital detection processor. Moreover, an explicit definition of the FOD detection performance is developed in a characteristic quantitative way. This criterion involves an absolute reference value for all FOD radar systems. The well-designed FOD frequency-modulated continuous-wave MMW surveillance radar is utilized, and actual experiments are carried out in a real airport in Beijing, China. The results validate the proposed method’s effectiveness and the superior performance of FOD target detection in long-range situations.

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Continuous-wave radar

AccessScience ◽

10.1036/1097-8542.159400 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Continuous Wave ◽

Wave Radar

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Analysis of the Snow Water Equivalent at the AEMet-Formigal Field Laboratory (Spanish Pyrenees) During the 2019/2020 Winter Season Using a Stepped-Frequency Continuous Wave Radar (SFCW)

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13040616 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 616

Author(s):

Rafael Alonso ◽

José María García del Pozo ◽

Samuel T. Buisán ◽

José Adolfo Álvarez

Keyword(s):

Software Defined Radio ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Snow Water Equivalent ◽

Cosmic Ray ◽

Relative Dielectric Permittivity ◽

Near Surface ◽

Wave Radar ◽

Spanish Pyrenees ◽

Snow Water ◽

Stepped Frequency

Snow makes a great contribution to the hydrological cycle in cold regions. The parameter to characterize available the water from the snow cover is the well-known snow water equivalent (SWE). This paper presents a near-surface-based radar for determining the SWE from the measured complex spectral reflectance of the snowpack. The method is based in a stepped-frequency continuous wave radar (SFCW), implemented in a coherent software defined radio (SDR), in the range from 150 MHz to 6 GHz. An electromagnetic model to solve the electromagnetic reflectance of a snowpack, including the frequency and wetness dependence of the complex relative dielectric permittivity of snow layers, is shown. Using the previous model, an approximated method to calculate the SWE is proposed. The results are presented and compared with those provided by a cosmic-ray neutron SWE gauge over the 2019–2020 winter in the experimental AEMet Formigal-Sarrios test site. This experimental field is located in the Spanish Pyrenees at an elevation of 1800 m a.s.l. The results suggest the viability of the approximate method. Finally, the feasibility of an auxiliary snow height measurement sensor based on a 120 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar sensor, is shown.

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Distance measurement using a subcarrier frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar based on a resonant-tunneling-diode oscillator

2020 45th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz) ◽

10.1109/irmmw-thz46771.2020.9370991 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adrian Dobroiu ◽

Yusuke Shirakawa ◽

Safumi Suzuki ◽

Masahiro Asada ◽

Hiroshi Ito

Keyword(s):

Resonant Tunneling ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Resonant Tunneling Diode ◽

Distance Measurement ◽

Tunneling Diode ◽

Wave Radar ◽

Diode Oscillator ◽

Subcarrier Frequency

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A Local Oscillator Phase Compensation Technique for Ultra-Wideband Stepped-Frequency Continuous Wave Radar Based on a Low-Cost Software-Defined Radio

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21030780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 780

Author(s):

Kazunori Takahashi ◽

Takashi Miwa

Keyword(s):

Software Defined Radio ◽

Initial Phase ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Low Cost ◽

Local Oscillator ◽

The Other ◽

Ultra Wideband ◽

Single Frequency ◽

Wave Radar ◽

Stepped Frequency

The paper discusses a way to configure a stepped-frequency continuous wave (SFCW) radar using a low-cost software-defined radio (SDR). The most of high-end SDRs offer multiple transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) channels, one of which can be used as the reference channel for compensating the initial phases of TX and RX local oscillator (LO) signals. It is same as how commercial vector network analyzers (VNAs) compensate for the LO initial phase. These SDRs can thus acquire phase-coherent in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) data without additional components and an SFCW radar can be easily configured. On the other hand, low-cost SDRs typically have only one transmitter and receiver. Therefore, the LO initial phase has to be compensated and the phases of the received I/Q signals have to be retrieved, preferably without employing an additional receiver and components to retain the system low-cost and simple. The present paper illustrates that the difference between the phases of TX and RX LO signals varies when the LO frequency is changed because of the timing of the commencement of the mixing. The paper then proposes a technique to compensate for the LO initial phases using the internal RF loopback of the transceiver chip and to reconstruct a pulse, which requires two streaming: one for the device under test (DUT) channel and the other for the internal RF loopback channel. The effect of the LO initial phase and the proposed method for the compensation are demonstrated by experiments at a single frequency and sweeping frequency, respectively. The results show that the proposed method can compensate for the LO initial phases and ultra-wideband (UWB) pulses can be reconstructed correctly from the data sampled by a low-cost SDR.

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