Comparison of single-Doppler and multiple-Doppler wind retrievals in Hurricane Matthew (2016)

Hurricane Matthew (2016) was observed by the ground-based polarimetric Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) in Miami (KAMX) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D (NOAA P-3) airborne tail Doppler radar near the coast of the southeastern United States for several hours, providing a novel opportunity to evaluate and compare single- and multiple-Doppler wind retrieval techniques for tropical cyclone flows. The generalized velocity track display (GVTD) technique can retrieve a subset of the wind field from a single ground-based Doppler radar under the assumption of nearly axisymmetric rotational wind, but it has been shown to have errors from the aliasing of unresolved wind components. An improved technique that mitigates errors due to storm motion is derived in this study, although some spatial aliasing remains due to limited information content from the single-Doppler measurements. A spline-based variational wind retrieval technique called SAMURAI can retrieve the full three-dimensional wind field from airborne radar fore–aft pseudo-dual-Doppler scanning, but it has been shown to have errors due to temporal aliasing from the nonsimultaneous Doppler measurements. A comparison between the two techniques shows that the axisymmetric tangential winds are generally comparable between the two techniques, and the improved GVTD technique improves the accuracy of the retrieval. Fourier decomposition of asymmetric kinematic and convective structure shows more discrepancies due to spatial and temporal aliasing in the retrievals. The strengths and weaknesses of each technique for studying tropical cyclone structure are discussed and suggest that complementary information can be retrieved from both single- and dual-Doppler retrievals. Future improvements to the asymmetric flow assumptions in single-Doppler analysis and steady-state assumptions in pseudo-dual-Doppler analysis are required to reconcile differences in retrieved tropical cyclone structure.

Postpartum Congestive Heart Failure Due to Diastolic Dysfunction: Importance of Advanced Echo-Doppler Analysis

We present a case of a 25 year-old female who developed acute hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to postpartum heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Despite essentially normal tissue Doppler velocities and E/e’ ratio by existing guidelines for the adult population, available literature suggests that our patient’s markers of diastolic function were significantly abnormal relative to what is expected in the third trimester of pregnancy. Advanced echo-Doppler analysis and her clinical presentation support the presence of underlying diastolic dysfunction. This case illustrates the challenges associated with the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction during pregnancy and the need for pregnancy specific guidelines.