scholarly journals Evidence for the linearization-based theory of semantic composition

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shûichi Yatabe
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Composition ◽  
Right Node Raising ◽  
Questionnaire Studies

The result of questionnaire studies are presented which shows (i) that conjuncts are scope islands in Japanese and (ii) that left-node raising can nullify such scope islands. This finding confirms the theory advanced in Yatabe (2001), in which semantic composition is almost entirely carried out within order domains, and arguably contradicts the theory proposed in Beavers and Sag (2004), which introduces a mechanism called Optional Quantifier Merger to deal with the fact that right-node raising and left-node raising can have semantic effects.

scholarly journals syntax and semantics of left-node raising in Japanese

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shûichi Yatabe
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Composition ◽  
Right Node Raising ◽  
The Right

In this paper, I argue (i) that Japanese has constructions that are almost the exact mirror images of the right-node raising constructions in English, and (ii) that the properties of those constructions, which I refer to as left-node raising constructions, can be captured straightforwardly if and only if the CONTENT values of domain objects, not those of signs, are assumed to be the principal locus of meaning assembly. In the theory proposed, it is claimed that semantic composition (including "quantifier retrieval") takes place not when some signs are syntactically combined to produce a new, larger sign but when some domain objects (which are essentially prosodic constituents) are merged (by the total or partial compaction operation) to produce a new domain object (i.e. a new, larger prosodic constituent).

Ambulatory Assessment

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer ◽  
Timothy J. Trull
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ambulatory Assessment ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Questionnaire Studies

Convergent experimental data, autobiographical studies, and investigations on daily life have all demonstrated that gathering information retrospectively is a highly dubious methodology. Retrospection is subject to multiple systematic distortions (i.e., affective valence effect, mood congruent memory effect, duration neglect; peak end rule) as it is based on (often biased) storage and recollection of memories of the original experience or the behavior that are of interest. The method of choice to circumvent these biases is the use of electronic diaries to collect self-reported symptoms, behaviors, or physiological processes in real time. Different terms have been used for this kind of methodology: ambulatory assessment, ecological momentary assessment, experience sampling method, and real-time data capture. Even though the terms differ, they have in common the use of computer-assisted methodology to assess self-reported symptoms, behaviors, or physiological processes, while the participant undergoes normal daily activities. In this review we discuss the main features and advantages of ambulatory assessment regarding clinical psychology and psychiatry: (a) the use of realtime assessment to circumvent biased recollection, (b) assessment in real life to enhance generalizability, (c) repeated assessment to investigate within person processes, (d) multimodal assessment, including psychological, physiological and behavioral data, (e) the opportunity to assess and investigate context-specific relationships, and (f) the possibility of giving feedback in real time. Using prototypic examples from the literature of clinical psychology and psychiatry, we demonstrate that ambulatory assessment can answer specific research questions better than laboratory or questionnaire studies.

Experiences with the Use of Automation for Collecting and Recording Medical-History Data

1969 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
English Language ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Video Screen ◽  
History Data ◽  
Computer Storage ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Questionnaire Studies ◽  
Health Questionnaires

For the past several years, experimental studies have been undertaken at the Mayo Clinic to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing electronic data processing to handle medical information, especially the medical information which makes up a medical record. We have experimented with automated techniques for collecting and storing medical-history data, specifically with techniques for computer generation and processing of health questionnaires, for computer-controlled administration of health questionnaires, and for computer-controlled entry and retrieval of medical-history data directly by physicians in ordinary English language by use of a video-screen and light-pen computer terminal.The questionnaire studies are concerned with ways of entering into computer storage medical-history data obtained from patients without physician involvement; the video-screen studies are concerned with entry into computer storage of medical-history data obtained by physicians in their interview with the patient. The paper describes our experiences in these studies.

Das Werk als Entgrenzung. : Werkkomplex und Dynamik des Gesamtwerks

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Svetlana Efimova
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Semantic Composition ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Special Relevance ◽  
Reception Side

Abstract Im Kontext des neu aufgekommenen theoretischen Interesses für die Werkkategorie wird überwiegend das ,Einzelwerk‘ fokussiert. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird das heuristische Potenzial des Konzepts ,Gesamtwerk‘ als ein anderer Teil der Werkkategorie herausgearbeitet. Neben dem üblichen Aspekt eines ,Lebenswerks‘ schließt das Gesamtwerk vielfältige Werkkomplexe und Werkgruppierungen ein, die auf Produktions- oder Rezeptionsseite entstehen. Analysiert werden feste und variable Anordnungen, Ab- und Entgrenzungen zwischen Einzelwerken eines Autors, die das Gesamtwerk zu einem dynamischen Gefüge machen. Ein Werkkomplex bildet eine Zwischenstufe und ein Bindeglied zwischen ,Einzelwerk‘ und ,Gesamtwerk‘. Daher besitzt er eine besondere Relevanz für die semantische Zusammensetzung der Werkkategorie als Trias, deren Teile sich aufeinander beziehen: Opus – Werkkomplex – Œuvre.The newly arisen theoretical research on the literary work category focuses mainly on the ,single work‘. This paper argues for the heuristic potential of the ,oeuvre‘ as another part of the work category. In addition to the usual aspect of a ,life’s work‘, the oeuvre includes diverse work complexes and work groupings that emerge on the production or reception side. The paper analyzes a dynamic structure of the oeuvre: fixed and variable arrangements, boundaries and dissolution of borders between single works by the same author. A work complex forms an intermediate stage and a link between ,single work‘ and ,oeuvre‘. It therefore has a special relevance for the semantic composition of the work category as a triad, the parts of which refer to each other: single work – work complex – oeuvre.

scholarly journals Stigmatization from Work-Related COVID-19 Exposure: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6183
Author(s):  
Melanie Schubert ◽  
Julia Ludwig ◽  
Alice Freiberg ◽  
Taurai Monalisa Hahne ◽  
Karla Romero Starke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Study Protocols ◽  
Adequate Sampling ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Questionnaire Studies

Stigmatization from work-related COVID-19 exposure has not been investigated in detail yet. Therefore, we systematically searched three databases: Medline, Embase, and PsychInfo (until October 2020), and performed a grey literature search (until February 2021). We identified 46 suitable articles from 24 quantitative and 11 qualitative studies, 6 systematic reviews, 3 study protocols and 1 intervention. The assessment of stigmatization varied widely, ranging from a single-item question to a 22-item questionnaire. Studies mostly considered perceived self-stigma (27 of 35 original studies) in healthcare workers (HCWs) or hospital-related jobs (29 of 35). All articles reported on stigmatization as a result of work-related COVID-19 exposure. However, most quantitative studies were characterized by convenience sampling (17 of 24), and all studies—also those with an adequate sampling design—were considered of low methodological quality. Therefore, it is not possible to determine prevalence of stigmatization in defined occupational groups. Nevertheless, the work-related stigmatization of occupational groups with or without suspected contact to COVID-19 is a relevant problem and increases the risk for depression (odds ratio (OR) = 1.74; 95% confidence interval CI 1.29–2.36) and anxiety (OR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.18–2.28). For promoting workers’ health, anti-stigma strategies and support should be implemented in the workplace.

Semantic composition of AT-LOCATION relation with other relations

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-374
Author(s):  
HAKKI C. CANKAYA ◽  
EDUARDO BLANCO ◽  
DAN MOLDOVAN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Composition

AbstractThis paper presents a method for the composition of at-location with other semantic relations. The method is based on inference axioms that combine two semantic relations yielding another relation that otherwise is not expressed. An experimental study conducted on PropBank, WordNet, and eXtended WordNet shows that inferences have high accuracy. The method is applicable to combining other semantic relations and it is beneficial to many semantically intense applications.

Idioms, metaphors and syntactic mobility

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE M. HORN
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Semantic Composition

Jackendoff (1997), whose analysis of idioms is based, in part, on work by Nunberg, Sag & Wasow (1994), discusses VP idioms and addresses the question of mobility. Both works identify fixed idioms, such as kick the bucket, and mobile idioms, such as spill the beans and take advantage of. Fixed idioms are ones whose NP objects are impervious to syntactic operations, as illustrated by the unacceptability, in their idiomatic sense, of sentences like *The bucket was kicked by Bill; while mobile idioms occur in sentences like The beans were spilled by Fred and Advantage was taken of Bill. Jackendoff correlates the mobility of VP idioms with a property that he refers to as metaphorical semantic composition. However, he observes that this property is not a sufficient condition for mobility.I will argue that the property of metaphorical semantic composition be replaced by a property of thematic composition, and that this property is a sufficient condition for mobility. A closer inspection of mobile idioms that have thematic composition reveals that they fall into two subtypes: expressions that have a property of ‘transparency of interpretation’, and ones that do not have this property. I refer to members of the first subtype as METAPHORS. I will demonstrate that there are no idiosyncratic constraints on their syntactic mobility, and will conclude that they need not be encoded in lexical entries as phrasal idioms. In these respects, they are distinct from members of the second subtype, whose degree of mobility is more limited, and which must be encoded in lexical entries as phrasal idioms. Finally, I will address the question of the necessity of thematic composition for mobility. Throughout the paper, I will assume that phrasal idioms are appropriately encoded in lexical entries of the types proposed by Jackendoff for fixed and mobile expressions.

Evidence-based management of epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 410-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Syed ◽  
V S Sunkaraneni
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Team Approach ◽  
Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽  
Questionnaire Studies ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Specific Management

AbstractBackground:There are currently no guidelines in the UK for the specific management of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia related epistaxis. The authors aimed to review the literature and provide an algorithm for the management of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia related epistaxis.Method:The Medline and Embase databases were interrogated on 15 November 2013 using the search items ‘hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia’ (title), ‘epistaxis’ (title) and ‘treatment’ (title and abstract), and limiting the search to articles published in English.Results:A total of 46 publications were identified, comprising 1 systematic review, 2 randomised, controlled trials, 27 case series, 9 case reports, 4 questionnaire studies and 3in vitrostudies.Conclusion:There is a lack of high-level evidence for the use of many of the available treatments for the specific management of epistaxis in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Current management should be based on a multidisciplinary team approach involving both a hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia physician and an ENT surgeon, especially when systemic therapy is being considered. The suggested treatment algorithm considers that the severity of epistaxis merits intervention at different levels of the treatment ladder. The patient should be assessed using a reproducible validated assessment tool, for example an epistaxis severity score, to guide treatment. More research is required, particularly in the investigation of topical agents targeting the development and fragility of telangiectasiae in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.

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