Das Werk als Entgrenzung. : Werkkomplex und Dynamik des Gesamtwerks

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Svetlana Efimova
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Semantic Composition ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Special Relevance ◽  
Reception Side

Abstract Im Kontext des neu aufgekommenen theoretischen Interesses für die Werkkategorie wird überwiegend das ,Einzelwerk‘ fokussiert. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz wird das heuristische Potenzial des Konzepts ,Gesamtwerk‘ als ein anderer Teil der Werkkategorie herausgearbeitet. Neben dem üblichen Aspekt eines ,Lebenswerks‘ schließt das Gesamtwerk vielfältige Werkkomplexe und Werkgruppierungen ein, die auf Produktions- oder Rezeptionsseite entstehen. Analysiert werden feste und variable Anordnungen, Ab- und Entgrenzungen zwischen Einzelwerken eines Autors, die das Gesamtwerk zu einem dynamischen Gefüge machen. Ein Werkkomplex bildet eine Zwischenstufe und ein Bindeglied zwischen ,Einzelwerk‘ und ,Gesamtwerk‘. Daher besitzt er eine besondere Relevanz für die semantische Zusammensetzung der Werkkategorie als Trias, deren Teile sich aufeinander beziehen: Opus – Werkkomplex – Œuvre.The newly arisen theoretical research on the literary work category focuses mainly on the ,single work‘. This paper argues for the heuristic potential of the ,oeuvre‘ as another part of the work category. In addition to the usual aspect of a ,life’s work‘, the oeuvre includes diverse work complexes and work groupings that emerge on the production or reception side. The paper analyzes a dynamic structure of the oeuvre: fixed and variable arrangements, boundaries and dissolution of borders between single works by the same author. A work complex forms an intermediate stage and a link between ,single work‘ and ,oeuvre‘. It therefore has a special relevance for the semantic composition of the work category as a triad, the parts of which refer to each other: single work – work complex – oeuvre.

EXISTENTIAL CONCEPTS AS SUBJECTIVE CONTENT OF THE BEING OF THE INDIVIDUAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (29) ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Leonid Velitchenko
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Conceptual Structures ◽  
Relevant Situation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Continuum

Theoretical research on the problems of the individual in the discovery of its internal content, provide treatment researchers to the experience of a man, his/her existential essence as different manifestations of inner speech activity. The purpose of the article is to determine the subject basis of speech activity of an individual as a continuous mental support of his/her personality. There are aspects of the internal speech of the individual with the indication of his/her own lexical-semantic system that contains in its most General form a semantic unity specific, subject-specific symbolic, social environment. With reference to the author’s model of the structure of consciousness, it is argued that existential concepts exist in the form of subjective appeal to the content of the relevant situation. Their generalized nature indicates the presence in them of personally significant features that determine the features of subjective rationality. It provides influence on the existential concepts of past experiences, conceptual structures, translation of the communication parties in the private space of subjective reality, creating its own semantic field. The sign of incompleteness of being is seen in the existential concepts, which brings them closer to the concept of existence. Considering the continuum of significant events as the semantic canvas of its existence in a certain period of time, it is possible to obtain information about its subjective rationality of a person with its inherent existential content. It is argued that the existential concepts are the internal "chronicle" of a man, which reflects his/her subjective being, existing at the intersection of the desired and the actual. On the example of establishing a certain correspondence between the sound and color associations of a literary work and the stimulus material of the Lusher test, the possibility of using color preferences for evaluating the psychological characteristics of its author is argued. The general conclusion about the existential concepts as about the experience of the continuum of one’s own existence is formulated.

scholarly journals Study on the characteristic mechanisms of infrasonic precursors during the damage process of impending earthquake sources

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0257345
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Xiaorong Xue ◽  
Weisheng Chen ◽  
Xiaoyan Xue
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Pulse Number ◽  
Fracture Site ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
Earthquake Sources ◽  
Fracture Formation ◽  
Initiation And Propagation ◽  
Damage Process ◽  
Complex Forms

Infrasonic signals measured before an earthquake carry information about the size and development speed of the source fracture, the stress at the fracture site and the elastic properties of the geologic medium. The infrasonic signal has a stable time scale, and compared with other precursors, infrasound has a unique sensitivity to earthquake disasters. However, to date, there has been no relevant theoretical research on the mechanism of infrasonic anomalies, and information on the development of fracture sources cannot be obtained from these characteristics, which makes the application of this anomaly in earthquake prediction challenging. In this study, we obtained the characteristics of short-term and impending infrasonic anomalies based on the infrasound data of more than 100 strong earthquakes. With a range of elastic medium models with a large number of fractures, we completed the theoretical simulation of the formation process of infrasonic precursors during the formation of the main fractures, analyzed the physical evolution of acoustic signals when cracks are generated, and quantitatively described the stages of large fracture formation caused by the initiation and propagation of seismic cracks. Specifically, this study revealed the causes of various and complex forms of infrasonic precursors near the critical point and the causes of the time- and space-dependent characteristics of these precursors, such as a noticeable attenuation of the pulse number, a low frequency and a large amplitude, which verified the effectiveness of infrasonic anomalies as strong earthquake precursors.

scholarly journals MONTAGE AS THE UNIVERSAL CREATIVE DEVICE: INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

10.23856/3608 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Korotkova
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific

The aim of this paper is to prove the hypothesis: montage is the universal creative device which is present in nature, culture and art. The evolution of this device is considered in cinematography, methods of using montage in various kinds of art are generalized. Methods used in the study: general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction), methods of theoretical research (from abstract to concrete), historical method. As a purely technical method, montage is used everywhere, starting with the unforgettable past. The goal of literary montage is to bring the reader closer to an understanding of completely different characters as it was before. Montage is inherent in works of painting; it is applied to photo and is also used in music. Music – a sound and dynamic art, painting and photography – visual and static, basing on a literary work, is theatre.

scholarly journals The first step in removing communication and organizational barriers to stakeholders’ interaction in Smart Grids: A theoretical approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 00020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor Vakulenko ◽  
Liudmyla Saher ◽  
Liubov Syhyda ◽  
Svitlana Kolosok ◽  
Alona Yevdokymova
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Interaction Matrix ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Stakeholder Interaction

This research is the first step in scientific work on the formation of organizational and communication system stakeholders` interaction in Smart Grid. This theoretical research studies the cooperation of stakeholders under the logical and meaningful process of initiation, design, implementation, and development of Smart Grid projects. According to researches analysis in this area and the best practice approaches to the development of Smart Grids, a stakeholder` interaction matrix has been formed. The peculiarity of the developed matrix is taking into account the stages and directions (key aspects) of the Smart Grids development. It forms the basis for a systematic analysis of the problem under study. So the designed matrix will be used as a component of the formation of the stakeholders` interaction logicalstructural scheme. The development of this scheme is an intermediate stage in modeling the interaction of stakeholders. The research results presented in this paper are the first theoretical step in a multi-stage study of stakeholder interaction.

Solar Filaments as Tracers of Subsurface Processes

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
D. M. Rust
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Coronal Plasma ◽  
Magnetic Helicity ◽  
The Sun ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Solar Filaments

AbstractSolar filaments are discussed in terms of two contrasting paradigms. The standard paradigm is that filaments are formed by condensation of coronal plasma into magnetic fields that are twisted or dimpled as a consequence of motions of the fields’ sources in the photosphere. According to a new paradigm, filaments form in rising, twisted flux ropes and are a necessary intermediate stage in the transfer to interplanetary space of dynamo-generated magnetic flux. It is argued that the accumulation of magnetic helicity in filaments and their coronal surroundings leads to filament eruptions and coronal mass ejections. These ejections relieve the Sun of the flux generated by the dynamo and make way for the flux of the next cycle.

Organization of the Pellicle and the Muciferous Glands in Euglena Gracilis

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Hilton H. Mollenhauer ◽  
W. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Euglena Gracilis ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Secondary Periodicity

The pellicular structure of Euglena gracilis consists of a series of relatively rigid strips (Fig. 1) composed of ridges and grooves which are helically oriented along the cell and which fuse together into a common junction at either end of the cell. The strips are predominantly protein and consist in part of a series of fibers about 50 Å in diameter spaced about 85 Å apart and with a secondary periodicity of about 450 Å. Microtubules are also present below each strip (Fig. 1) and are often considered as part of the pellicular complex. In addition, there may be another fibrous component near the base of the pellicle which has not yet been very well defined.The pellicular complex lies underneath the plasma membrane and entirely within the cell (Fig. 1). Each strip of the complex forms an overlapping junction with the adjacent strip along one side of each groove (Fig. 1), in such a way that a certain amount of sideways movement is possible between one strip and the next.

The Formation, Structure, Distribution and Frequency of Nuclear Pores

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 518-519
Author(s):  
G. G. Maul
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Pore Complex ◽  
Nuclear Membrane ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Nuclear Pores ◽  
Filter Function ◽  
Etching Technique ◽  
Selective Filter ◽  
Membranous Part

The chromatin of eukaryotic cells is separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane. One obvious structural specialization of the nuclear membrane is the presence of pores which have been implicated to facilitate the selective nucleocytoplasmic exchange of a variety of large molecules. Thus, the function of nuclear pores has mainly been regarded to be a passive one. Non-membranous diaphragms, radiating fibers, central rings, and other pore-associated structures were thought to play a role in the selective filter function of the nuclear pore complex. Evidence will be presented that suggests that the nuclear pore is a dynamic structure which is non-randomly distributed and can be formed during interphase, and that a close relationship exists between chromatin and the membranous part of the nuclear pore complex.Octagonality of the nuclear pore complex has been confirmed by a variety of techniques. Using the freeze-etching technique, it was possible to show that the membranous part of the pore complex has an eight-sided outline in human melanoma cells in vitro. Fibers which traverse the pore proper at its corners are continuous and indistinguishable from chromatin at the nucleoplasmic side, as seen in conventionally fixed and sectioned material. Chromatin can be seen in octagonal outline if serial sections are analyzed which are parallel but do not include nuclear membranes (Fig. 1). It is concluded that the shape of the pore rim is due to fibrous material traversing the pore, and may not have any functional significance. In many pores one can recognize a central ring with eight fibers radiating to the corners of the pore rim. Such a structural arrangement is also found to connect eight ribosomes at the nuclear membrane.

Application of FRAP and digitized fluorescence microscopy to problems in cell membrane dynamics

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
K. Jacobson ◽  
A. Ishihara ◽  
B. Holifield ◽  
F. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Membrane Dynamics ◽  
Molecular Cell Biology ◽  
Image Averaging ◽  
Single Living Cells ◽  
Single Living

Our laboratory is concerned with understanding the dynamic structure of the plasma membrane with particular reference to the movement of membrane constituents during cell locomotion. In addition to the standard tools of molecular cell biology, we employ both fluorescence recovery after photo- bleaching (FRAP) and digitized fluorescence microscopy (DFM) to investigate individual cells. FRAP allows the measurement of translational mobility of membrane and cytoplasmic molecules in small regions of single, living cells. DFM is really a new form of light microscopy in that the distribution of individual classes of ions, molecules, and macromolecules can be followed in single, living cells. By employing fluorescent antibodies to defined antigens or fluorescent analogs of cellular constituents as well as ultrasensitive, electronic image detectors and video image averaging to improve signal to noise, fluorescent images of living cells can be acquired over an extended period without significant fading and loss of cell viability.

Structure, assembly and interactions of the nuclear lamina and the nuclear pore complex

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 490-491
Author(s):  
N. Panté ◽  
M. Jarnik ◽  
E. Heitlinger ◽  
U. Aebi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Pore Complex ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Nuclear Lamina ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Transport ◽  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Cytoplasmic Filaments ◽  
Radial Spokes ◽  
Nuclear Ring ◽  
Central Plug

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a ∼120 MD supramolecular machine implicated in nucleocytoplasmic transport, that is embedded in the double-membraned nuclear envelope (NE). The basic framework of the ∼120 nm diameter NPC consists of a 32 MD cytoplasmic ring, a 66 MD ‘plug-spoke’ assembly, and a 21 MD nuclear ring. The ‘central plug’ seen in en face views of the NPC reveals a rather variable appearance indicating that it is a dynamic structure. Projecting from the cytoplasmic ring are 8 short, twisted filaments (Fig. 1a), whereas the nuclear ring is topped with a ‘fishtrap’ made of 8 thin filaments that join distally to form a fragile, 30-50 nm distal diameter ring centered above the NPC proper (Fig. 1b). While the cytoplasmic filaments are sensitive to proteases, they as well as the nuclear fishtraps are resistant to RNase treatment. Removal of divalent cations destabilizes the distal rings and thereby opens the fishtraps, addition causes them to reform. Protruding from the tips of the radial spokes into perinuclear space are ‘knobs’ that might represent the large lumenal domain of gp210, a membrane-spanning glycoprotein (Fig. 1c) which, in turn, may play a topogenic role in membrane folding and/or act as a membrane-anchoring site for the NPC. The lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) which is known to recognize the ‘nucleoporins’, a family of glycoproteins having O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine, is found in two locations on the NPC (Fig. 1. d-f): (i) whereas the cytoplasmic filaments appear unlabelled (Fig. 1d&e), WGA-gold labels sites between the central plug and the cytoplasmic ring (Fig. le; i.e., at a radius of 25-35 nm), and (ii) it decorates the distal ring of the nuclear fishtraps (Fig. 1, d&f; arrowheads).

Modulated polarization microscopy displays the dynamics of cytoskeletal structures in living, motile cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 902-903
Author(s):  
J. R. Kuhn ◽  
M. Poenie
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Polarization Microscopy ◽  
Video Enhancement ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Motile Cells

Cell shape and movement are controlled by elements of the cytoskeleton including actin filaments an microtubules. Unfortunately, it is difficult to visualize the cytoskeleton in living cells and hence follow it dynamics. Immunofluorescence and ultrastructural studies of fixed cells while providing clear images of the cytoskeleton, give only a static picture of this dynamic structure. Microinjection of fluorescently Is beled cytoskeletal proteins has proved useful as a way to follow some cytoskeletal events, but long terry studies are generally limited by the bleaching of fluorophores and presence of unassembled monomers.Polarization microscopy has the potential for visualizing the cytoskeleton. Although at present, it ha mainly been used for visualizing the mitotic spindle. Polarization microscopy is attractive in that it pro vides a way to selectively image structures such as cytoskeletal filaments that are birefringent. By combing ing standard polarization microscopy with video enhancement techniques it has been possible to image single filaments. In this case, however, filament intensity depends on the orientation of the polarizer and analyzer with respect to the specimen.

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