scholarly journals Analysis of the wood composition in the fiber line of bleached hardwood kraft pulp

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.О. Окулова ◽  
А.В. Гурьев
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Perforation Plate ◽  
Wood Composition

В настоящее время лиственные породы древесины широко используются как сырьё для целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности для производства различных волокнистых полуфабрикатов. Основными породами являются осина и берёза. Эти породы отличаются друг от друга по физическим свойствам, химическому составу и морфологии. Известно, что основным диагностическим признаком является отсутствие или наличие лестничной перфорационные пластинки на волокнах сосудов. Прочностные характеристики получаемых волокнистых полуфабрикатов зависят от исходного соотношения в них пород осины и берёзы. Полуфабрикаты с большим содержанием берёзы имеют более высокие показатели механической прочности. Проведен анализ породного состава поступающей щепы на варку и определено соотношение волокон осины и берёзы в волокнистых полуфабрикатах в разных точках технологического процесса производства белёной сульфатной целлюлозы. Породный состав щепы определен путём обработки гидроксидом натрия. Породный состав волокнистых полуфабрикатов определен методом компьютерной визуализации по основным диагностическим признакам. Для подтверждения правильности определения породного состава волокнистого полуфабриката в них установлены прочностные показатели. Анализ полученных данных показал, что колебания породного состава щепы в течение суток могут составлять 12,3–63,7%; размах значений доли волокон осины для проб из выдувного резервуара составляет 23,9–83,6%, для проб из 1-го пресс- фильтра – 18–89,5%. Подтверждена статистическая значимость зависимости физико-механических свойств полуфабрикатов от доли осины и берёзы в волокнистых полуфабрикатах при ее изменении в диапазоне от 10 до 80%. Currently, hardwood is widely used as a raw material for the pulp and paper industry for the production of various fibrous semi-finished products. The main species are aspen and birch. These species differ from each other in physical properties, chemical composition and morphology. It is known that the main diagnostic features are the absence or presence of a staircase perforation plate on the fibers of the vessels. Strength characteristics of the resulting fibrous semifinished products depend on the initial ratio of aspen and birch in them. Semi-finished products with a high birch content have higher mechanical strength. In this paper, the species composition of incoming chips for cooking is analyzed and the ratio of aspen and birch fibers in fibrous semi-finished products at different points in the technological process for the production of bleached sulphate pulp is determined. The native composition of the chips was determined by treatment with sodium hydroxide. The composition of fibrous semi-finished products was determined by computer visualization using the main diagnostic features. To confirm the correctness of the determination of the species composition of the fibrous semifinished product, strength characteristics were determined in them. Analysis of the obtained data showed that fluctuations in the species composition of chips within a day can range from 12.3 to 63.7%; The range of aspen fibers for samples from the blowing tank is 23.9 to 83.6%, for samples from the 1 st press filter – from 18.0 to 89.5%. The statistical significance of the dependence of the physical and mechanical properties of semi-finished products on the share of aspen and birch in fibrous semi-finished products with a change in the range from 10 to 80% has been confirmed.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF EUCALYPT, PINE, AND SUGARCANE CELLULOSE FIBERS USED FOR PAPER PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela de Paula ◽  
Adelsimara Ceballos Guerta ◽  
Renata Miliani Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Tearing Resistance ◽  
Intended Use ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

ABSTRACT Sugarcane bagasse, a waste material generated by the sugar-alcohol industry, is rich in lignocellulosic components such as cellulose and hemicellulose. The bagasse can be employed as a raw material in the pulp and paper industry, but is currently rarely used for this purpose, due to the availability of traditional sources such as Eucalyptus and Pinus. The objective of this work was to compare the physical and mechanical properties of papers produced using the cellulose extracted from sugarcane, Eucalyptus, and Pinus by the Kraft method. Four paper samples were produced using cellulose obtained from the following fiber sources: (I) 100% sugarcane bagasse; (II) 100% Eucalyptus; (III) 75% Eucalyptus + 25% Pinus; (IV) 75% sugarcane bagasse + 25% Pinus. Physical and mechanical tests were performed based on regulatory methodologies of the paper industry. The results indicated that the physical and mechanical characteristics of the paper produced from the sugarcane cellulose were similar to those of the traditional paper produced using Eucalyptus. Particular features such as good tearing resistance and tensile strength, as well as increased porosity and moisture, could be adjusted according to the intended use of the paper. Therefore, sugarcane bagasse can be considered a sustainable alternative to Eucalyptus and Pinus for the production of high quality paper, adding value to this agricultural residue.

scholarly journals POSSIBILITIES OF IMPROVING QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF INACTIVE NEUTRAL LIGNOSULFONATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Irina A. Chetvertneva ◽  
Oleg Kh. Karimov ◽  
Galina A. Teptereva ◽  
Eldar M. Movsumzade
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Material Component ◽  
Problem Characteristic

The article proposes a method of increasing the amount of OH-phenolic functional groups in the composition of a macromolecule lignosulphonate, a sulfo-derivative natural lignin polymer, tested under laboratory conditions by step-by-step chemical treatment of the lignosulphonate matrix with a solution of a bromine derivative, then with a solution of neutral sodium sulfite. This makes it possible to solve the problem characteristic of modern lignosulphonates of neutral sulfite production method, which have low values of tannidicity index: content of OH-phenolic groups, quantitative content of which forms inhibitory (tanning) capacity of lignosulphonates. The proposed procedure involves carrying out said demethylation reaction with cleavage of methyl group contained in phenylpropane unit of lignosulfonate. Pyrocatechin groups are formed and methanesulfonic acid molecule is cleaved off. The obtained product was analyzed by UV spectroscopy and the increase in optical density in the area of absorption of 280 nm characteristic of OH-phenolic functional groups was shown, which is the basis for the appearance of pyrocatechin structures in the phenylpropane unit of lignosulfonate. Proposed method allows increasing quantitative content of OH-phenolic groups in macromolecule composition from 1.7% of initial to 6.5%. The obtained results are correlated with the data on determination of tannidicity index - one of objective characteristics of inhibitory (tanning) capacity of lignosulfnates, which is 32%, compared to similar characteristic of undemethylated neutral lignosulfonate, where the value did not exceed 21%. The data show that demethylation of the lignosulphonate matrix is possible by converting modern inactive neutral lignosulphonates from the low-demand waste category of the pulp and paper industry to a promising raw material component.

DETERMINATION OF PARAMETERS OF THE WORKING IMPLEMENT OF A ROOT CROPPER

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
MIKHAIL G. ZAGORUIKO ◽  
◽  
VALENTIN V. VASILCHIKOV ◽  
YURI V. KATAEV ◽  
ANZHELA K. MAMAKHAY3 ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Experiment Planning ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Strength Assessment ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
Design Selection ◽  
Determination Of Parameters

The main condition for feed preparation is to ensure the high quality of the finished product. At the sametime, it is necessary to increase the efficiency and durability of the feed chopper by optimizing its design parameters,taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of the processed material. The authors studied the technologicalprinciple of crushing root and tuber crops. The paper considers the operation of an industrial rotary feed chopper whenprocessing beets and carrots. The experiment planning method is applied. The strength characteristics of the grinderelements were checked during design (selection of the shape and sharpening angle of knives) and verificationcalculations for strength (assessment of the strength characteristics of knives). The authors show the influence of the main geometric parameters of the working implement of the grinder – the knife inclination and the sharpeningangle of the knives – on the preparation of high-quality feed. It was revealed that the sharpening angle of the grinderknives should be calculated depending on the friction coefficient of the initial material against the grinder body, aswell as the type and properties of the supplied material. Based on the data obtained during the laboratory experimentand simulation modeling, in order to achieve greater versatility with the feed chopper, a combined shape of the cuttingedges of the knives was chosen – that with a straight and serrated cutting edge of the chopper. Samples of cutting edgesat 30x magnification, obtained using an instrumental microscope MMI-2, showed that the optimal shape of the knifeis a wedge with a double escapement

scholarly journals RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY OF CARDBOARD AND PAPER PRODUCTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
VITA HALYSH ◽  
IRYNA DEYKUN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Wood Pulp ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard

Nowadays, the products of domestic enterprises of the pulp and paper industry are 80% made from secondary raw materials – recycling paper, which negatively affects its quality, narrows the range and limits the scope of use. This state of the industry connected with the lack of domestic production of cellulose fibrous products. The raw material problem of the pulp and paper industry of Ukraine can be solved by using annual plants and wastes of crop processing for the production of fibrous materials for various purposes. Rapeseed stalks can be considered as a promising raw material to meet the needs of the pulp and paper industry. The aim of the work is to study the physical and mechanical properties of writing paper and cardboard for flat layers of corrugated cardboard, which contain cellulose fibers of rapeseed stalks. This paper presents the results of research of sizes of elementary cellulose fibers from rapeseed stalks. Studies of the fractional composition showed that 70% of cellulose fibers from rapeseed have a length in the range of 0.02 to 0.81 mm and only 30% have a length exceeding 1 mm. To study the effect of cellulose content from rapeseed stalks in the composition of writing paper, paper samples of 80 g/m2 were prepared at different ratios of cellulose from non-wood raw materials to coniferous cellulose. Studies have shown that the surface of paper made of non-wood pulp has a high smoothness and uniform lumen and is more elastic compared to paper made of bleached coniferous sulfate pulp. According to the results of physical and mechanical tests, it can be concluded that the increase in the content of non-wood pulp from rapeseed stalks in the composition of writing paper leads to a decrease in all physical and mechanical properties of the paper. To study the effect of non-wood pulp from rapeseed stalks in a cardboard composition for flat layers of corrugated cardboard, cardboard samples of 175 g/m2 were made. Recycling paper of MS-6B was used as a bottom layer, and non-wood pulp as a surface layer of cardboard. The ratio of recycling paper to non-wood pulp in laboratory samples of cardboard was 80:20 mass %. According to the results, it can be concluded that the use for the surface layer of non-wood pulp from rapeseed stalks allows to obtain cardboard with strength values that fully meet the requirements for cardboard of K-1 type. In general, it was shown that non-wood rapeseed pulp can be used to replace more expensive sulfate bleached coniferous pulp in the production of writing paper and cardboard for flat layers of corrugated cardboard as a surface layer.

Method for Parameter Determination of Ceramic Products Compression Using the Mounting for Curves Readout

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 1024-1029
Author(s):  
O.A. Fomina ◽  
Andrey Yu. Stolboushkin ◽  
Mikhail Druzhinin
Keyword(s):  
Functional Dependence ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Pressing Pressure ◽  
Ceramic Powders ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pressing Process ◽  
Rapid Deceleration

There are given technological factors of pressing of products from ceramic powders. The pressing process is represented as a functional dependence with a set of variables. Four stages of ceramic powders pressing have been found. The method on determination of the pressing parameters of ceramic products using the mounting for curves readout has been shown. Sediment of press powders from clay raw material is determined at different humidity and pressing pressure. The dependence of the physical and mechanical properties of ceramic samples on the humidity content of clay powder and the pressure of raw pressing is established. Compacting pressure values have been found by compression curve when plastic deformation ends and elastic deformations of powder grains start, which corresponds to a translation from the second to the third stage of the pressing process. Areas of rapid deceleration of sagging are in line with the point of the tangent to this curve in the translation from the third to the fourth compression stage have been found. The optimal values of semidry pressing of a ceramic brick have been defined.

DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS COMPONENTS COMPOSITION IN THYMUS X CIRIODORUS VAR. «SILVER QUEEN» HERBAL RAW MATERIAL

Fitoterapia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
J. M. Steshenko ◽  
◽  
O. V. Мazulin ◽  
G. P. Smoylovska ◽  
G. V. Mazulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Material

Determination of Combined and Second Order Factor Effects for Simultaneous Optimization of Physical and Mechanical Properties of NR/BR Blend System

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-304
Author(s):  
Rajarajan Aiyengar ◽  
Jyoti Divecha
Keyword(s):  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Order Effects ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Polybutadiene Rubber ◽  
Contour Plots

ABSTRACT The blends of natural rubber (NR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), and other forms of rubbers are widely used for enhancing the mechanical and physical properties of rubber compounds. Lots of work has been done in conditioning and mixing of NR/BR blends to improve the properties of its rubber compounds and end products such as tire tread. This article employs response surface methodology designed experiments in five factors; high abrasion furnace carbon black (N 330), aromatic oil, NR/BR ratio, sulfur, and N-oxydiethylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide for determination of combined and second order effects of the significant factors leading to simultaneous optimization of the NR/BR blend system. One of the overall optimum of eight properties existed at carbon 44 phr, oil 6.1 phr, NR/BR 78/22 phr with the following values of properties: tensile strength (22 MPa), elongation at break (528%), tear resistance (30 kg/mm), rebound resilience (67%), moderate hardness (68 International rubber hardness degrees) with low heat buildup (17 °C), permanent set (12%), and abrasion loss (57 mm3). More optimum combinations can easily be determined from the NR/BR blend system models contour plots.

Basic set of experiments for determination of mechanical properties of sand

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
A. Sawicki ◽  
J. Mierczyński
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Basic Set ◽  
Initial Anisotropy

Abstract A basic set of experiments for the determination of mechanical properties of sands is described. This includes the determination of basic physical and mechanical properties, as conventionally applied in soil mechanics, as well as some additional experiments, which provide further information on mechanical properties of granular soils. These additional experiments allow for determination of steady state and instability lines, stress-strain relations for isotropic loading and pure shearing, and simple cyclic shearing tests. Unconventional oedometric experiments are also presented. Necessary laboratory equipment is described, which includes a triaxial apparatus equipped with local strain gauges, an oedometer capable of measuring lateral stresses and a simple cyclic shearing apparatus. The above experiments provide additional information on soil’s properties, which is useful in studying the following phenomena: pre-failure deformations of sand including cyclic loading compaction, pore-pressure generation and liquefaction, both static and caused by cyclic loadings, the effect of sand initial anisotropy and various instabilities. An important feature of the experiments described is that they make it possible to determine the initial state of sand, defined as either contractive or dilative. Experimental results for the “Gdynia” model sand are shown.

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