scholarly journals Increasing the environmental friendliness level of the pulp natural production complex to ensure acceptable discharge rates

Author(s):  
А.И. Шишкин ◽  
М.С. Строганова ◽  
И.В. Антонов ◽  
А.Ж. Адылова

Изменение природоохранного законодательства предопределило необходимость развития и создания новой методологии экологотехнологического нормирования допустимого сброса по критериям уровня экологичности производства, как суммы производственных природоемкостей при необходимости их соизмерения с региональным природным потенциалом. Исследованы и предложены решения по отдельным определяющим факторам и количественным значениям сбалансированности природоёмкости для природнопроизводственного комплекса «прибрежная акватория Ладожского озера – совокупность производственно-хозяйственных объектов целлюлозного завода». В соответствии с экологической техноёмкостью обозначенной акватории Ладожского озера определены два этапа расчета норм допустимых сбросов (НДС): по предельно допустимым концентрациям (ПДК) для расчетных показателей целлюлозного завода после очистки на сбросе; с учетом конструкции и характеристик глубинного водовыпуска, а также эффекта струйного и основного разбавления до контрольного створа. Представлены структура и методология оценки фактического уровня экологичности целлюлозного природно-производственного комплекса на примере первого расчетного этапа достижения НДС по ПДК. Предложенные в работе мероприятия поэтапного повышения экологичности до 3,5 и соответствующего уровня по степени очистки сбрасываемых стоков с учетом эффектов струйного и основного разбавления обеспечивают достижение НДС. Выполнен комплекс исследований и статистического анализа, который позволил оценить фактический уровень экологичности основного и вспомогательного производств целлюлозного завода, а также по целевым показателям с учетом специфики щелокосодержащих стоков. Предложен для реализации ряд целевых технологических мероприятий, повышающих уровень экологичности целлюлозного завода и минимизирующих соответственно техногенную нагрузку в пределах экологической техноёмкости водной акватории по рыбохозяйственным стандартам специфических для целлюлозного завода показателям. Changing environmental legislation decreed for the authors, in this paper, the necessity of development and creation of new methodology of ecological-technological regulation of the permissible discharge criteria level of environmentally friendly production, as the sum of the production nature intensity their commensuration with the regional natural potential. The paper investigates and proposes solutions for certain determining factors and quantitative values of the balance of natural resource intensity for the natural production complex «coastal waters of lake Ladoga – a set of production and economic objects of a pulp mill». In accordance with the environmental technology intensity of the designated lake Ladoga water area, two stages of calculating the permissible discharge rates (PDR) were determined: according to the threshold limit value (TLV) for the calculated indicators of a pulp mill after treatment at the discharge; taking into account the design and characteristics of the deep water outlet, as well as the effect of jet and main dilution to the control gate. The structure and methodology of assessing the actual level of environmental friendliness of the cellulose natural production complex is presented on the example of the first calculated stage of achieving PDR under the TLV. The actual security proposed in the work activities gradual increase of ecological compatibility to 3.5 and the appropriate level according to the degree of purification of wastewater taking into account the effects of the jet and the primary dilution to achieve PDR. A set of studies and statistical analysis was performed, which allowed us to assess the actual level of environmental friendliness of the main and auxiliary production of the pulp mill, as well as target indicators, taking into account the specifics of alkali-containing effluents. Proposed to implement aер number of targeted technology events, enhance the level of environmental performance at the pulp mill and minimize, respectively, the anthropogenic load in the range of environmental technology intensity water areas for fisheries management standards specific to pulp mill performance.

2020 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 01042
Author(s):  
I.A. Shishkin ◽  
N.A. Zhilnikova ◽  
A.A. Baranova

A systematic approach based on environmental and technological criteria has been proposed to ensure the achievement of environmental quality standards of the environment at the regional intersectoral level for the management of industrial and municipal waste. A list of indicators and criteria has been formed for comparing the accumulating capacity of a given natural system without serious violations of its structural and functional characteristics on the one hand. On the other hand, there is production potential and production capacity for natural resources for individual enterprises and a diversified industrial complex. An algorithm for comparing production and natural potentials on the basis of a geographic information basis on the scale of a territorial natural production complex has been developed and the structure of a GIS project has been determined. The latter made it possible to interconnect the natural intensity of production (NP), the level of environmental friendliness of production (EFP), the ecological technological capacity of the territory (ETT) using the criteria of commensuration (NDV, VAT, PDRO and NDT).


Author(s):  
A. S. Radilov ◽  
S. A. Solntseva ◽  
I. E. Shkaeva ◽  
S. A. Dulov ◽  
E. V. Vivulanets ◽  
...  

Toxicity and hazard assessment of dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP) was performed in acute, subacute, and chronic experiments, and its principal toxicometry parameters were determined.It was found that on single exposure DOTP exhibits low toxicity and hazard. No resorptive and irritant effects on skin and mucous membrane of eyes were detected in animal experiments. The single inhalation exposure threshold limit value was set at 300 mg/m3, based on the results of monitoring of the functional state of the central nervous system and myocardium and hematological parameters.Thirty-day subacute experiments (oral administration, inhalation exposure, and skin applications) revealed no accumulation of the compound.Four-month chronic exposure to DOTP aerosols (concentration 96,8 mg/m3) caused disorder of the functional state of the central nervous system and myocardium, changes in the hematological and biochemical parameters, gas and acid-base status of the blood, and morphological changes in the lungs and heart. Embryotoxic, genotoxic and gonadotoxic effects were not detected.The chronic inhalation exposure threshold limit value for DOTP (Limch) was set at 18,6 mg/m3, and the concentration of 3,4 mg/m3 was found to be ineffective.The maximum allowable concentration of DOTP in the air of the working area was set at 3,0 mg/m3, hazard class 3.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Devi Anggar Oktaviani ◽  
Corie Indria Prasasti

Abstract: Printing industry is an industry which in its production process generate air pollutants such as Particulate Matter (PM). The exceeds limit of PM2,5 can cause respiratory symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary function disorder. The objective of this study was to analyze physical and chemical air quality and respiratory symptoms among printing industry workers in Surabaya. It was observational study with cross sectional approach and analyzed descriptively. The physical and chemical air quality was measured by Thermohygrometer and Haz Dust EPAM 5000 at three different areas in production unit. Worker’s characteristics and respiratory symptoms were obtained from 20 respondent’s questionnaires. The highest concentration of PM2,5 level was at cutting room (area 1), which maximum concentration was 20.0 μg/m3 and the average was 6.1 μg/m3. The result showed that PM2,5 levels was below threshold limit value. It is suggested to printing industry to improve administrative control application by managing work period and useing mask, to clean ventilation, dust collector, or production facilities and to examine health status regularly to public health center for workers at printing industry.Keywords: physical and chemical air quality, printing industry, respiratory symptoms


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Imfatul Tria Nur Azizah

Organic fertilizer industry in Nganjuk uses manure as basic materials of production. Its process produced particulate matter 2,5 (PM2,5) in the form of dust and smoke. PM2,5 can be inhaled and be retained until alveoli, so it is potentially caused lung function impairment to the workers. The objective of this research was to analyzed the level of PM2,5 and lung function of organic fertilizer industry workers in Nganjuk. The type of this research was observasional descriptive quantitative with cross sectional design. The research sample was using total population of 10 production workers. The result of this research showed that the level of PM2,5 inhaled which exceeded Threshold Limit Value (TLV) or > 3 mg/m3 were on 2 workers who worked on drying and packing process. The average of PM2,5  environment level which exceeded TLV were on manufacturing of granuls, heating and packing process area. Workers who had lung function impairment were 4 workers (40%). Lung function impairment more likely found in workers with exposure of PM2,5 inhaled≤ 3 mg/m3, has age 41 – 60 years, worked period < 5 years, always using cloth as respiratory protective equipment, and had worked in the other places either direct or indirect exposure of dust. The conclusion of this research is production workers of organic fertilizer industry in Nganjuk has risk of lung function impairment. Suggestions for the owner of organic fertilizer industry in Nganjuk are to install natural and unnatural ventilations and to provide air purifying respirators.


Author(s):  
Richard G. Domey

The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists 1971 standard threshold limit value (TLV) of 0.55 mgHg/m of air was found to be exceeded frequently in a sample of 60 dental operatories in San Antonio, Texas. Significant differences in contamination among laboratories were found, among sites within operatories, and among times of day, correlated with kilograms of mercury used, average number of amalgams inserted per day, age of operatories, height of carpeting pile, cleaning methods, frequency of cleaning, and general lack of routine monitoring and use of bioassays. Recommendations for control of metallic mercury contamination in dental operatories are offered.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 628-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Yung ◽  
Ann Marie Dale ◽  
Jay Kapellusch ◽  
Stephen Bao ◽  
Carisa Harris-Adamson ◽  
...  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document