3D printing towards implementing Industry 4.0: sustainability aspects, barriers and challenges

Purpose Environmental degradation has emerged as one of the major limitations of industrial revolution and has led to an increased focus towards developing sustainable strategies and techniques. This paper aims to highlight the sustainability aspects of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology that helps towards a better implementation of Industry 4.0. It also aims to provide a brief picture of relationships between 3D printing, Industry 4.0 and sustainability. The major goal is to facilitate the researchers, scholars, engineers and recommend further research, development and innovations in the field. Design/methodology/approach The various enabling factors for implementation of Industry 4.0 are discussed in detail. Some barriers to incorporation of 3D Printing, its applications areas and global market scenario are also discussed. A through literature review has been done to study the detailed relationships between 3D printing, Industry 4.0 and sustainability. Findings The technological benefits of 3D printing are many such as weight savings, waste minimization and energy savings. Further, the production of new 3D printable materials with improved features helps in reducing the wastage of material during the process. 3D printing if used at a large scale would help industries to implement the concept of Industry 4.0. Originality/value This paper focuses on discussing technological revolution under Industry 4.0 and incorporates 3D printing-type technologies that largely change the product manufacturing scenario. The interrelationships between 3D printing, Industry 4.0 and sustainability have been discussed.

Analysis of the color properties of papers subjected to different recycling numbers in electrophotographic (toner) printing

Purpose In this present study, electrophotographic printing is made on papers which are subjected to different recycling numbers, and this paper aims to examine the colour changes of this printing type. Design/methodology/approach Four-colour electrophotographic printing is carried out on adhering to the INGEDE 11p standard recycled papers four times under the same conditions. Colour measurements are made by means of electrophotographic printed colour scales printed on these recycled papers. Colour measurements are made with the X-Rite eXact spectrophotometer according to the ISO 13655:2017 standard. As a result of colour measurements, colour differences (ΔL′, ΔH′, ΔC′, ΔE00) of recycled papers are determined using some formulas. Findings According to the values obtained after four recycling, the highest ΔL′ value is found to be 4.80 yellow and the lowest 1.92 black. Again, according to the measurement results, it is determined that the highest ΔE00 is yellow colour with a value of 5.66, and lowest ΔE00 is black colour with a value of 1.98. In ΔH′, black colour is the highest value of 12.61, the lowest value with −2.05 is obtained in magenta colour. It was observed that the highest ΔC′ value is 2.98 in yellow, and the lowest value is −0.28 in black. Originality/value In the printing industry, sometimes customers want to monitor the colour differences in the printing by taking the L′a′b′ obtained values as a result of printing from the printing houses. If the colour differences exceed the tolerance values, then they can interfere with the printing. As a result of the calculations, colour changes in electrophotographic printing are observed with many parameters. This study can be a pioneer for the studies that can be done on this subject.

Study and measurement of the productivity in the printing industry in Villahermosa Tabasco to develop an improvement proposal

Productivity is one of the paths that a company must take to achieve its objectives, goals and purposes, working effectively and efficiently. To achieve a culture of measurement, it is important to perform a productivity analysis, which will help to obtain adequate information to create development recommendations in the near future. This work provides information on the results obtained from a productivity measurement study in a sample of companies in the printing industry, in Villahermosa Tabasco, which helps to understand and adapt business needs within the cultural, environmental, technological, economic and political variables. To carry out this study, a measurement instrument has been used that obtains specific information on the elements that an organization must have for the development of productivity, this tool is called Comprehensive Productivity Assessment Technique (TIEP), the which will give us results that serve to generate a model for improving productivity, which will be of great help for the growth of this business sector with positive results that bring benefits to the region and society.

Pemeriksaan Profil Darah Pada Pekerja Sebagai Upaya Deteksi Dini Gangguan Kesehatan Akibat Paparan Uap Benzene di Industri Percetakan

ABSTRAK Berdasarkan penelitain sebelumnya diketahui bahwa lokasi kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat, didapatkan hasil pengukuran kadar uap benzene dilingkungan kerja dengan kisaran 0,3-1,5 ppm. Anemia aplastik yang disebabkan oleh penekanan sumsum tulang adalah penyebab klasik kematian akibat keracunan benzena kronis. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalaha untuk melakukan pemeriksaan profil darah pekerja yang terpapar benzene dilingkungan kerjanya sebagai upaya antisipasi dan deteksi dini penyakit akibat paparan benzene. Kegiatan pemeriksaan profil darah dilakukan dengan menerapkan protokol Kesehatan. Pengambilan dan anlisa profil darah dilakukan oleh laboratorium yang kompeten. Jumlah pekerja yang terlibat dalam kegiatan ini sebanyak 10 pekerja dengan jenis kelamin laki-laki dengan kriteria pekerja yang terpapar langsung dengan uap benzene dilingkungan kerjanya. Hasil dari pemeriksaan 10 orang pekerja didapatkan hasil leukosit 6,97 ± 0,8, hemoglobin 15,3 ± 0,92 dan trombonist 212,1 ± 25,07. Kegiatan pengabdian masayarakat berjalan sesuai dengan jadwal yang telah direncanakan. Hasil pemeriksaan profil darah pada 10 pekerja masih dalam batas nilai rujukan. Kata Kunci : benzene, profil darah, industri percetakan ABSTRACT Based on previous research, it is known that the location of community service activities, the results of measurements of benzene vapor levels in the work environment are in the range of 0.3-1.5 ppm. Aplastic anemia caused by bone marrow compression is the classic cause of death from chronic benzene poisoning. The purpose of this activity is to examine the blood profile of workers exposed to benzene in their work environment to anticipate and detect diseases due to benzene exposure. Blood profile examination activities were carried out by applying the Covid Health protocol 19. Blood profile collection and analysis were carried out by a competent laboratory. The number of workers involved in this activity was 10 workers of the male gender with the criteria that workers were directly exposed to benzene vapor in their work environment. The results of the examination of 10 workers showed leukocytes 6.97 ± 0.8, hemoglobin 15.3 ± 0.92, and trombone 212.1 ± 25.07. Community service activities go according to the planned schedule. The results of blood profile examinations on 10 workers are still within the reference value limit. Keywords: benzene, blood profile, printing industry

On the issue of fatigue of workers in absolute darkness

The hygienic assessment of working conditions in dark workshops is still little known, although in conditions of absolute darkness they work in the film industry, at film-copy factories, in the printing industry, in photographs and other enterprises.

Degradation of organic pollutant in restaurant wastewater using the homogenous catalysis with Mn(II) and EDTA

It can be seen that the objects of wastewater that need to be treated are quite diverse in types and complex in terms of reaction mechanisms. The methods mainly focus on the treatment of toxic organic compounds, especially phenols or plant protection agents in industrial wastewater, paper industry, food production, textile industry, printing industry... The activation of H2O2 and O2 by complexes of transitional metal ions and suitable ligands creates oxidizing agents and ecologically healthy products. The intermediate substances arising in the activation process such as free radicals OH., O2., HO2., ... can oxidize many compounds, especially the ability to attack the aroma of organic pollutants. In this paper, the results of research on treating organic pollution in restaurant wastewater with H2O2 are presented as a catalyst of complexes between Mn2+ ions and EDTA. The conditions including pH, EDTA/Mn2+, the concentration of H2O2, Mn2+ were investigated to obtain the optimum conditions for improving COD treatment efficiency. This work proposes a method based on formation of the Mn(II)-EDTA complex, b=1; with the optimal conditions of other factors as following [H2O2]0 = 0,75.10-3 mol/L; [Mn(EDTA)]2- = 33,33 mol/L, pH=10.5; t = 15 minutes. The initial COD of 1025 mg/L decreased to 135 mg/L after the proposed procedure. The results provide solutions of homogeneous complex catalysts for domestic/restaurant and industrial wastewater treatment at room temperature and atmosphere.