scholarly journals EFFECT OF SPACING ON YIELD OF SWEET POTATOES GROWN USING THE NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE (NFT)

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 857g-857
Author(s):  
Desmond Mortley ◽  
Conrad Bonsi ◽  
Philip Loretan ◽  
Walter Hill ◽  
Carlton Morris
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Hoagland Solution ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Potato Growth

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of spacing within and between growth channels on the yield of `TI-1551 sweet potatoes grown hydroponically using the nutrient film technique (NFT). Spacings within channels were 12.7, 17.8 and 25.4 cm whereas between growth channels the spacings were 12.7, 25.4 and 38.1 cm. Vine cuttings (15 cm) placed in each channel (0.15×0.15×1.2 m) were supplied with a modified half-Hoagland solution and grown for 120 days. Storage root number, fresh and dry weights and foliage fresh and dry weights tended to increase as spacing between channels increased. Spacing of plants within channels had no significant effect on any sweet potato growth responses.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD AND TEMPERATURE REGIMES ON YIELD OF SWEET POTATOES GROWN USING THE NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE (NFT)

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 858g-858
Author(s):  
Desmond Mortley ◽  
Conrad Bonsi ◽  
Philip Loretan ◽  
Walter Hill ◽  
Edwin Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution

Hydroponic experiments using the nutrient film technique (NFT) were conducted in environmental growth chambers to evaluate the response of two sweet potato cultivars, `Georgia Jet' and `TI-155', to two photoperiod and temperature regimes. Vine cuttings of these cultivars were planted in growth channels supplied with modified half-Hoagland nutrient solution using NFT. Plants were subjected to a 24 h photoperiod or a 12:12 h light:dark photoperiod, a constant temperature of 28C or light:dark temperature of 28/22C. Plants were exposed to irradiance levels of 400 umol m-2 s-1 at canopy level and 70% RH. Storage root fresh and dry weights were increased for both cultivars under the 24 h photoperiod at the 28C constant temperature. `Georgia Jet' storage root numbers were not affected by any treatment while those for `TI-155' were reduced under continuous light for both temperature regimes. Foliage fresh and dry weights were not affected by any treatment.

scholarly journals Compost and Biochar to Promote Soil Biological Activities under Sweet Potatoes Cultivation in a Subtropical Semiarid Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Josabeth Navarro ◽  
Jahdiel Salazar ◽  
James Jihoon Kang ◽  
Jason Parsons ◽  
Chu-Lin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Bare Fallow

South Texas is located in a subtropical semiarid climate, and due to high temperature and irregular precipitation, farmers opt to leave their fields fallow during the summer months jeopardizing overall soil health. We evaluated whether sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivation coupled with drip irrigation could restore soil biological activities compared with bare fallow. Additionally, because sweet potatoes have high demand of soil nutrients, especially potassium (K), we evaluated the nutrient supply of locally sourced soil amendments. Sweet potato was cultivated during summer 2018 in McAllen, Texas, under control (no fertilizer), NPK (synthetic fertilizer), RC (yard-waste compost), and AC (compost produced under an enhanced composting process), and biochar (gasified walnut shell at 900°C), each with three replicates. Soil amendments were applied at different amounts to result in a rate of 80 kg K ha−1. Soil biological indicators were microbial biomass phosphorous, phosphatase activity, and the rate of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA). Available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium were also quantified. Aboveground biomass and storage root yield estimated sweet potato’s agronomic performance. Cultivation and irrigation stimulated soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass-phosphorous. Sweet potato yields were the highest in NPK treatment but still 2.8 times lower than variety’s potential yield. Storage root yield was inversely related to aboveground biomass, suggesting that growing conditions benefited the production of shoot versus roots. Both biochar and AC treatments stimulated FDA rates and K availability. Soil pH and sodium concentration increased in all treatments over the growing season, possibly due to river-sourced irrigation water. Together, these findings show that crop cultivation promoted soil biological activities and the maintenance of nutrient cycling, compared to bare-fallow conditions. For a better agronomic performance of sweet potato, it would be necessary to identify management practices that minimize increase in soil pH and salinity.

scholarly journals SWEET POTATO GROWTH IN RESPONSE TO RELATIVE HUMIDITY

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 489h-490
Author(s):  
D. Mortley ◽  
P. Loretan ◽  
C. Bonsi ◽  
W. Hill ◽  
C. Bonsi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Potato Growth ◽  
Plant Storage

An experiment was conducted in environmental growth chambers to study the response of sweet potato to relative humidity (RH). Twenty-four vine cuttings of `TI-155' sweet potato were planted in growth channels in a modified half Hoagland's solution using the nutrient film technique. Plants were exposed to constant RH levels of 50% or 85%. Temperature regimes of 20/22 C were maintained during the light/dark periods with an irradiance level of 600 umol m-2 s1, and a 14 hr/10 hr photoperiod. Plants were harvested 120 days after planting and yield data was taken. High RH (85%) resulted in significant increases in number of storage roots/plant, storage root fresh and dry weight, single leaf photosynthesis and stomatal conductance than at 50% RH. Foliage dry weight and leaf temperature was higher at 50% than 85% RH.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CHANNEL DEPTH ON YIELD OF SWEET POTATOES GROWN HYDROPONICALLY

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 856b-856
Author(s):  
C. Morris ◽  
D. Mortley ◽  
P. Loretan ◽  
C. Bonsi ◽  
W. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Life Support System ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Channel Depth ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Manned Space ◽  
Manned Space Missions

The potential of the sweet potato as a food source for future long-term manned space missions is being evaluated for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) Program. Several experiments have shown that the sweet potato can be grown hydroponically. However, an evaluation of the NASA fan-shaped Biomass Production Chamber (BPC) channel was initiated to determine if channel depths influenced the yield of hydroponically grownsweet potatoes. Three channel depths were studied, 5 cm (2 in) standard NASA BPC channel, 10 cm (4 in) channel and 15 cm (6 in) channel. The experiment consisted of one replication. The results show that channel depth does effect the yield of storage roots. The 15 cm depth channel provided the most consistent yield with all channels having significantly different fresh storage root yields in the replicate.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS VS PERIODIC pH ADJUSTMENT ON GROWTH OF `GEORGIA JET' AND `T1-155' SWEET POTATO CULTIVARS GROWN USING THE NUTRIENT FILM TECHNIQUE (NFT)

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 864c-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Martinez ◽  
Conrad Bonsi ◽  
Phili p Loretan ◽  
Walter Hill ◽  
Desmond Mortley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique

Sweet potato, selected as a potential food source for future long-term manned space missions, is being evaluated for NASA's Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) program. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effects of two pH treatments on the growth and storage root yield of `T1-155' and `Georgia Jet ' sweet potato cultivars. Vine cuttings of these cultivars were grown in a specially designed Tuskegee University NFT system. Plants were subjected to a continuous pH treatment in which the nutrient solution pH was maintained at 5.00 ± 0.10 throughout the growth period, and a periodic pH treatment in which the nutrient solution pH was adjusted to 6.00 at biweekly changeover intervals and when reservoirs were refilled with deionized water between biweekly changeovers. Results showed that for both cultivars the treatment with periodic pH adjustment had significantly higher storage root yield than treatment with continuous pH adjustment. This experiment is being repeated.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF NUTRIENT REPLENISHMENT ON HYDROPONIC SWEETPOTATO CULTURE

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 761d-761
Author(s):  
Audrey A. Trotman ◽  
P. David ◽  
D. Mortley ◽  
J. Seminara
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Hoagland Solution ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Nutrient Replenishment

In a greenhouse experiment, the effect of the addition of higher levels of potassium (K) in the replenishment stock used to supply nutrients in a nutrient film technique system was examined. For this study, `TU-82-155' sweetpotato was grown hydroponically for 120 days under four nutrient application/replenishment treatments: 1) REG—solution was changed at 14-day intervals and volume allowed to fluctuate; 2) MHH—replenishment with 10× concentrate of a modified half Hoagland solution (MHH) or with water to regain set volume (30.4 liters) and maintain set point of electrical conductivity (EC, 1050–1500 μmho); 3) MHH + 2K—daily replenishment with 10× concentrate of a modified half Hoagland solution (MHH) or with water to regain the set volume and adjust EC to 1400 followed by application of 50 ml of a 2K stock solution to an EC of 1500; 4) MHH/2K—replenishment with 10× concentrate of a modified half Hoagland solution that incorporated the 2K component or with water to regain set volume (30.4 liters) and maintain set point of electrical conductivity (EC, 105–1500 μmho). The storage root yield (g fresh weight per plant) was significantly higher when the 2K treatment was incorporated with the 10× MHH stock. The storage root yield averaged 324.8 g/plant compared with a yield of 289.6 and 252.9 g/plant, respectively, for the REG and MHH nutrient application protocol. As in earlier experiments, the MHH treatment was comparable to the REG protocol, validating the use of a replenishment approach for nutrient supply in hydroponic sweetpotato culture.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF OF SWEETPOTATO GROWN IN NFT TO DIFFERENT PHOTOPERIODS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 665f-665
Author(s):  
D. G. Mortley ◽  
C. K. Bonsi ◽  
W. A. Hill ◽  
P. A. Loretan ◽  
C. E. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
And Storage

Growth chamber studies were conducted to determine growth responses of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) to differing photoperiods (PP) when grown by use of NFT. Four vine cuttings (15 cm length) of GA Jet and TI-155 were grown for 120 days at 12/12, 15/9, 18/6, and 21/3 light/dark PP. Irradiance averaged 427 umol m-2 s-1, with day/night temperatures of 28/22C and 70% RH. A modified half Hoagland's solution was used. Number of storage roots/plant, and storage root fresh and dry weights for GA Jet increased as PP increased from 12 to 21 h, while storage root fresh and dry weights for TI-155 increased up to 18 h PP but declined at 21 h PP. Storage root number/plant for TI-155 declined at 15 h PP but was higher at both 18 and 21 h PP. Highest foliage dry weight for GA Jet was obtained at 21 h PP while that for TI-155 was obtained at 18 h PP. Leaf area index (LAI) for GA Jet increased with increased PP, while LAI for TI-155 increased with increased PP up to 18 h then declined at 21 h PP.

Influence of volatiles from healthy and decaying sweet potato storage roots on sclerotial germination and hyphal growth of Sclerotium rolfsii

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Potato Storage ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Directional Growth

Volatiles released from sweet potato storage root tissue infected by different sweet potato storage root pathogens stimulated eruptive germination of sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii but did not influence the direction of hyphal growth on agarose. Volatiles from healthy sweet potato storage root tissue did not affect percent hyphal or eruptive germination of sclerotia of S. rolfsii but stimulated directional growth of hyphae toward the healthy tissue. In laboratory experiments, the frequency of infection of sweet potato stem segments by S. rolfsii on the surface of natural soil was increased when sclerotia were incubated in the presence of decaying sweet potato storage root tissue. Incidence of sclerotial blight lesions on sprouts in plant beds was increased in the presence of roots infected by Fusarium solani or Erwinia chrysanthemi. Volatiles from decaying sweet potato mother roots may predispose sweet potatoes to sclerotial blight.

scholarly journals SWEET POTATO GROWTH AND ROOT DEVELOPMENT IN FRITTED CLAY MEDIA

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 855F-855
Author(s):  
P. J. Ndolo ◽  
E. G. Rhoden
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Potato Growth ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Root growth of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam.] cvs `TI-82-155', `Centennial' and `Rojo Blanco' in coarse fritted clay soil, was investigated under greenhouse conditions. The sweet potato cultivars were harvested at 41 and 82 days after planting. Dry weight of fibrous roots of all cultivars were similar at day 41. Fibrous root weight of `Rojo Blanco' increased by 5% while those of the other cultivars increased by 168%. Mean fibrous root length per centimeter depth was not significantly different among cultivars. Although fresh weight of storage roots of `Rojo Blanco' was significantly lower than those of the other cultivars, their dry weights were similar. `TI-82-155' and `Rojo Blanco' had fewer storage roots compared to the other cultivars, however, storage root length of `TI-82-155' or `Rojo Blanco' was greater than that of `Georgia Jet' or `Centennial'. Length to diameter ratio of the storage root of `Rojo Blanco' was significantly greater than that of `TI-82-155' and `Georgia Jet'.

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