scholarly journals RESPONSE OF OF SWEETPOTATO GROWN IN NFT TO DIFFERENT PHOTOPERIODS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 665f-665
Author(s):  
D. G. Mortley ◽  
C. K. Bonsi ◽  
W. A. Hill ◽  
P. A. Loretan ◽  
C. E. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
And Storage

Growth chamber studies were conducted to determine growth responses of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) to differing photoperiods (PP) when grown by use of NFT. Four vine cuttings (15 cm length) of GA Jet and TI-155 were grown for 120 days at 12/12, 15/9, 18/6, and 21/3 light/dark PP. Irradiance averaged 427 umol m-2 s-1, with day/night temperatures of 28/22C and 70% RH. A modified half Hoagland's solution was used. Number of storage roots/plant, and storage root fresh and dry weights for GA Jet increased as PP increased from 12 to 21 h, while storage root fresh and dry weights for TI-155 increased up to 18 h PP but declined at 21 h PP. Storage root number/plant for TI-155 declined at 15 h PP but was higher at both 18 and 21 h PP. Highest foliage dry weight for GA Jet was obtained at 21 h PP while that for TI-155 was obtained at 18 h PP. Leaf area index (LAI) for GA Jet increased with increased PP, while LAI for TI-155 increased with increased PP up to 18 h then declined at 21 h PP.

scholarly journals The Impact of Seasonal Environments in a Tropical Savanna Climate on Forking, Leaf Area Index, and Biomass of Cassava Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanupong Phoncharoen ◽  
Poramate Banterng ◽  
Nimitr Vorasoot ◽  
Sanun Jogloy ◽  
Piyada Theerakulpisut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Information on the forking, leaf area index, and biomass of cassava for different growing seasons could help design appropriate management to improve yield. The objective was to evaluate the forking date, leaf growth, and storage root yield of different cassava genotypes grown at different planting dates. Four cassava genotypes (Kasetsart 50, Rayong 9, Rayong 11, and CMR38–125–77) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The cassava genotypes were planted on 20 April, 25 May, 30 June, 5 October, 10 November, and 15 December 2015, and 19 May and 3 November 2016. The soil properties prior to the planting, forking date, leaf area index (LAI), dry weights, harvest index (HI), starch content, and weather data were recorded. The forking date patterns for all of the growing seasons varied depending on the cassava genotypes. The weather caused occurring in the first forking for the Rayong 11 and CMR38–125–77 and the second forking for Rayong 11, but not for Kasetsart 50. The forking CMR38–125–77 had a higher LAI, leaf dry weight, biomass, and storage root dry weight than the non-forking Rayong 9. The higher storage root yields in Rayong 9 compared with Rayong 11 were due to an increased partitioning of the storage roots.

scholarly journals Failure Analysis under Electric Lights: Growth and Yield of Sweetpotato in Response to 14 Days of Prolonged Darkness

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1479-1481
Author(s):  
Desmond G. Mortley ◽  
Douglas R. Hileman ◽  
Conrad K. Bonsi ◽  
Walter A. Hill ◽  
Carlton E. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
The Impact

Two sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] genotypes (TU-82-155 and NCC-58) were grown hydroponically and subjected to a temporary loss of lighting in the form of 14 days of prolonged darkness compared with a lighted control under standard daily light periods to determine the impact on growth responses and storage root yield. Vine cuttings of both genotypes were grown in rectangular channels. At 65 days after planting, lights were turned off in the treatment chambers and replaced by a single incandescent lamp, providing between 7 and 10 µmol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) for 18 hours, and the temperature lowered from 28/22 °C light/dark, to a constant 20 °C. Plants remained under these conditions for 14 days after which the original light level was restored. Growth chamber conditions predark included, a PPF mean provided by 400-W metal halide lamps, of 600 ± 25 µmol·m−2·s−1, an 18-hour light/6-hour dark cycle and a relative humidity of 70% ± 5%. The nutrient solution used was a modified half-Hoagland with pH and electrical conductivity (EC) maintained between 5.5–6.0 and 1000–1200 μS·cm−1, respectively, and was adjusted weekly. Storage root number and fresh weight were similar regardless of treatments. Plants exposed to prolonged darkness produced 10.5% and 25% lower fibrous root fresh and dry mass, respectively, but similar foliage yield and harvest index (HI). ‘NCC-58’ produced an average of 31% greater storage root yield than that of ‘TU-82-155’ but the number of storage roots as well as % dry matter (%DM) were similar. ‘NCC-58’ also produced 31% greater fibrous root dry weight, whereas ‘TU-82-155’ produced a 44% greater HI. The significant interaction between prolonged darkness and cultivars for %DM of the storage roots showed that DM for ‘TU-82-155’ was 18.4% under prolonged darkness and 17.9% in the light. That for ‘NCC-58’ was 16.4% under prolonged darkness compared with 19.4% (14.8% greater) for plants that were not subjected to prolonged darkness. The evidence that there were no adverse impacts on storage root yield following the exposure to prolonged darkness suggests that the detrimental effects were below the detectable limits for these cultivars in response to the short perturbation in the available light and that sweetpotatoes would be hardy under short-term failure situations.

scholarly journals Sweetpotato Transplant Holding Duration Effects on Plant Survival and Yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Thompson ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽  
Sushila Chaudhari ◽  
David W. Monks ◽  
Katherine M. Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Lower Plant

Studies were conducted in North Carolina to determine the effect of holding durations (HDs) [0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days before planting (DBP)] of ‘Covington’ sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) transplants on plant stand and storage root numbers and yield in production fields. In a second field study, the effect of preplant irrigation (PI) treatments (PI and nonirrigation) were evaluated along with the transplant HD on plant stand, storage root numbers, and yield. Transplants held for 7 DBP did not survive as well as the other treatments (lower plant stands) and had lower no. 1, marketable, and total storage root numbers and yields than other holding treatments. HD of 1 or 3 DBP resulted in higher plant stands, and no. 1, marketable, and total numbers of storage roots and yields than holding for 0, 5, or 7 DBP. This study affirms the importance of soil moisture at and shortly after planting for transplant survival and yield. Holding transplants for 1–3 DBP can improve stand establishment and yields when dry conditions occur either before or soon after planting. However, holding transplants for 7 DBP can result in reduced plant stands and yields when stress/dry conditions occur soon after planting.

scholarly journals GROWTH ANALYSIS OF A SWEETPOTATO CULTIVAR GROWN IN AN NFT SYSTEM

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 731c-731
Author(s):  
Pauline P. David ◽  
Audrey A. Trotman ◽  
Desmond G. Mortley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Component Part ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Total Plant

One of the major objective of growth analysis data is to provide a basic understanding of some of the mechanisms that affect plant growth. This study was initiated to evaluate the effects on several growth parameters when plants are grown in an NFT system. Vine cuttings (15 cm length) of the sweetpotato cultivar ``Georgia Jet” was grown in a closed NFT system for a period of 120 days. Nutrient was supplied in a modified half-strength Hoagland's solution with a N:K ratio of 1:2.4. Destructive harvesting of plants occurred at 14 day intervals at which time plants were separated into their various component parts and analyzed for dry weight accumulation, leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate. Results showed dry weight distribution within the plant had a linear response for all component part evaluated. Greatest contributors to total plant dry weight was stem followed by leaves, fibrous roots, buds and flowers. However, once storage root production occurred it contributed the largest percentage to total plant dry weight. LAI was optimum at 80 days after planting (DAP) while CGR and RGR fluctuated throughout the growing season. Initially NAR was higher in foliage than storage roots but declined once storage root enlargement began, suggesting a translocation of assimilates to storage root.

scholarly journals Temperature Influences Yield, Leaf Expansion and Unfolding, and Vine Growth of Sweetpotatoes Grown in NFT

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 785B-785
Author(s):  
Desmond G. Mortley ◽  
P.A. Loretan ◽  
C.K. Bonsi ◽  
W.A. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Hoagland Nutrient Solution ◽  
Diurnal Temperatures ◽  
Leaf Expansion Rate ◽  
Temperature Storage

Growth chamber studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of four diurnal temperatures (24/18C, 26/20C, 28/22C, and 30/24C) on yield, leaf expansion and unfolding, and vine length of sweetpotatoes [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]. Four vine cuttings (15 cm in length) of `TI-155' and `Georgia Jet' were grown for 120 days using a modified half-Hoagland nutrient solution with a 1:2.4 N:K ratio. Irradiance at canopy level averaged 600 μmol·m–2·s–1 at an 18/6 photoperiod, and RH of 70%. Storage root number/plant for both cultivars decreased with increased temperature. Storage root fresh and dry weights for both cultivars increased with temperatures up to 28/22C and declined at 30/24C. Foliage fresh and dry weights were not influenced by temperature for either cultivar. Leaf expansion rate and vine length were highest at 26/20C and lowest at 24/18C for both cultivars. Leaf unfolding rate was not affected by temperature foe either cultivar, but was more influenced by time of measurements.

scholarly journals Relationship of Photosynthesis and Harvest Index to Sweet Potato Yield

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajmer S. Bhagsari ◽  
Doyle A. Ashley
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Stage Of Development

Field experiments with 15 sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)] genotypes were conducted to study the physiological basis of yield in 1981 and 1982. The leaf area index differed significantly among the sweet potato genotypes during early and late phases of growth, hut showed an inconsistent relationship with yield. Single leaf net photosynthesis ranged from 0.74 to 1.12 mg CO2/m' per sec. Canopy photosynthesis for sweet potato genotypes differed significantly in 1981, but not in 1982. It ranged from 0.81 to 1.16 mg CO2/m2 per sec in Aug. 1981. and from 0.63 to 0.88 mg CO2/m2 per sec in 1982. Four hours after “C-labeling, 14C-assimilate translocation from the treated leaf ranged from 21% to 46%, but did not differ significantly among the genotypes. At final harvest, harvest index [HI, defined as (storage root yield/total biological yield) × 100] of the genotypes varied from 43% to 77% and 31% to 75% for 1981 and 1982, respectively. Canopy photosynthesis during September was significantly correlated with storage root dry matter yield (r = 0.54*) in 1981 and with phytomass (above-ground biomass plus storage roots) (r = 0.60*) in 1982. Both phytomass and HI were significantly correlated with storage root matter yield. Canopy photosynthetic evaluation of sweet potato germplasm may be-more relevant when the storage root sinks are at an advanced stage of development. Our study suggests that yield is poorly predicted by Pn, particularly when the genotypes have different leaf sizes.

scholarly journals Sweetpotato `Beauregard' Mericlones Vary in Yield, Vine Characteristics, and Storage Root Size and Shape Attributes

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Q. Villordon ◽  
J.M. Cannon ◽  
H.L. Carroll ◽  
J.W. Franklin ◽  
C.A. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Foundation Seed ◽  
Axis Length ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Selection Of

Yield tests and evaluation of selected storage root and vine characters were conducted among 12 `Beauregard' sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] mericlones. Maximum yield differences were 43%, 48%, 79%, and 40% for U.S. #1, canners, jumbos, and total marketable yield, respectively. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) biplot analysis was useful in graphically presenting the yield differences and stability patterns of mericlones. Differences were also detected in vine length, internode diameter, and internode length. Digital image analysis of U.S. #1 storage roots also revealed differences in storage root minor axis length, roundness, and elongation attributes. The results provide valuable information for enhancing current methods of evaluation and selection of mericlones for inclusion in sweetpotato foundation seed programs.

scholarly journals The Expression of IbMYB1 Is Essential to Maintain the Purple Color of Leaf and Storage Root in Sweet Potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam]

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daowei Zhang ◽  
Yongjun Tan ◽  
Fang Dong ◽  
Ya Zhang ◽  
Yanlan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Purple Color ◽  
And Storage

IbMYB1 was one of the major anthocyanin biosynthesis regulatory genes that has been identified and utilized in purple-fleshed sweet potato breeding. At least three members of this gene, namely, IbMYB1-1, -2a, and -2b, have been reported. We found that IbMYB1-2a and -2b are not necessary for anthocyanin accumulation in a variety of cultivated species (hexaploid) with purple shoots or purplish rings/spots of flesh. Transcriptomic and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses revealed that persistent and vigorous expression of IbMYB1 is essential to maintain the purple color of leaves and storage roots in this type of cultivated species, which did not contain IbMYB1-2 gene members. Compared with IbbHLH2, IbMYB1 is an early response gene of anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet potato. It cannot exclude the possibility that other MYBs participate in this gene regulation networks. Twenty-two MYB-like genes were identified from 156 MYBs to be highly positively or negatively correlated with the anthocyanin content in leaves or flesh. Even so, the IbMYB1 was most coordinately expressed with anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Differences in flanking and coding sequences confirm that IbMYB2s, the highest similarity genes of IbMYB1, are not the members of IbMYB1. This phenomenon indicates that there may be more members of IbMYB1 in sweet potato, and the genetic complementation of these members is involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The 3′ flanking sequence of IbMYB1-1 is homologous to the retrotransposon sequence of TNT1-94. Transposon movement is involved in the formation of multiple members of IbMYB1. This study provides critical insights into the expression patterns of IbMYB1, which are involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the leaf and storage root. Notably, our study also emphasized the presence of a multiple member of IbMYB1 for genetic improvement.

scholarly journals MANGANESE TOXICITY OR TOLERANCE IN SWEETPOTATO

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 665e-665
Author(s):  
Desmond G. Mortley
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Fibrous Roots

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate 5 levels of Mn (0.00025 to 0.1 g.L-1) on Mn toxicity or tolerance of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] grown in a modified half Hoagland's solution. The presence of oxidized Mn on the roots and leaves was demonstrated by the blue staining test with benzidene and the solubility and bleaching of oxidized Mn in the oxalic-sulfuric acid solution. Both storage root and foliage fresh and dry weights were highest at Mn concn of 0.00025 g.L-1 in the nutrient solution, while fibrous root dry weight was highest with 0.01 g.L-1 Mn in the solution. More Mn accumulated in foliage than in fibrous roots for all levels of Mn evaluated. N, P, and K concn in foliage was highest at a Mn concn of 0.1 g.L-1 Mn in the solution. Foliage dry weight was preserved up to a high Mn level of about 2700 ug. g-1 Mn in tissues, while taht for storage roots was preserved up to a high Mn level of about 1000 ug. g-1 in the tissues. Deposition of oxidized Mn was observed on fibrous roots particularly at the highest Mn levels in the nutrient solution.

scholarly journals Physiological, Morphological Changes and Storage Root Yield of Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] under PEG-Induced Water Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suravoot YOOYONGWECH ◽  
Thapanee SAMPHUMPHUNG ◽  
Rujira TISARAM ◽  
Cattarin THEERAWITAYA ◽  
Suriyan CHA-UM
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Leaf Osmotic Potential ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
And Storage

Sweetpotato is an important tuberous root crop rich in nutrients such as vitamins and carbohydrates, and can grow well in arid regions with less water consuming crop. The aim of this research was to evaluate the storage root yields, physiological, biochemical and morphological traits in sweetpotato cv. ‘Japanese Yellow’ subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water deficit. At harvest (4 months after planting) the number of storage roots per plant and storage root fresh weight in sweetpotato treated with 5% PEG (-0.54 MPa) in nutrient solution of hydroponic culture declined by 20.0% and 47.4% compared to the control without PEG, respectively. Leaf area and leaf dry weight significantly decreased by 85.6% and 95.3%, respectively when exposed to water deficit stress. Sucrose content (114.7 mg g-1 dry weight; DW) in storage roots of sweetpotato grown under PEG-induced water deficit conditions was enriched by 2.2 fold of control (52.5 mg g-1 DW) and was greater than in storage roots derived from soil culture (70.3 mg g-1 DW). Total soluble sugar in the root and storage root tissues was enriched and may play a key role as osmotic adjustment (OA) in PEG-induced water stressed plants. Free proline and sucrose contents were also dominated in the leaf tissues to maintain the leaf osmotic potential in water stressed plants. In addition, chlorophyll degradation, chlorophyll fluorescence diminution and stomatal closure were found in plants grown under PEG-induced water deficit conditions, leading to reduction in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and subsequently lesser amounts of glucose and fructose contents in the leaf tissues. Sucrose and free proline in the roots of sweetpotato play a key role as major osmotic adjustment when subjected to PEG-induced water deficit condition. Basic knowledge gained from this research will further be investigated the drought defense mechanism in sweetpotato via osmoregulation system.

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