scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MENTOR POLLINATION FOR BLUEBERRY BREEDING

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1072b-1072
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Wenslaff ◽  
Paul M. Lyrene
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Multiple Pollen ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Vaccinium Elliottii

Two clones of anthocyanin-deficient (AD) Vaccinium elliottii (2×, homozygous recessive, yy) were used as seed parents in experiments combining normal and AD pollen. AD gives a seedling marker to distinguish the pollen parent. In the first experiment, flowers were pollinated daily for one, two, three or four days. AD and normal V. elliottii pollen were applied on separate days. The last day of each treatment received the opposite genotype from the previous day(s). The first pollination gave as many, or more, seedlings as later applications but the number of seeds per fruit was higher with multiple pollen applications. The second experiment used pollen from normal V. corymbosum (4×) alone or mixed with AD pollen from the 2× clones. Results depended on the seed-parent genotype. There was no difference between treatments in the number of hybrids produced by W81-1, which tends to set fruit even with only one seed per berry. Only mixed pollen yielded hybrids from clone FL83-139, which was never observed to produce berries with only one seed; apparently the mentor AD pollen helps to set the fruit, thereby allowing the rare hybrid seeds to develop.

Genetics: the centre of science

1966 ◽  
Vol 164 (995) ◽  
pp. 154-166 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Principle ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Crossing Experiments ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Difference

It is not often possible to pinpoint the origin of a whole new branch of science accurately in time and place, because, as Isaac Newton said, there are usually so many precursors on whose shoulders the successor stands and is thereby able to see further than they. But genetics is an exception, for it owes its origin to one man, Gregor Johann Mendel, who expounded its basic principles at Brno on 8 February and 8 March 1865. If a precursor is a man who, at an earlier date, makes a discovery which his successor is able to expand into a general principle of universal validity, Mendel had no precursors. There were not wanting breeders who hybridized plants: Joseph Gottlieb Koelreuter, Carl Friedrich von Gaertner, and William Herbert, to mention only the chief names, but what they were studying was not really basic genetics at all. They wanted to know if sterility in a hybrid is the fault of the pollen-parent or the seed-parent, whether either parent could be held responsible for the characters of different specified regions of the plant, or which had prepotency over the characters of the hybrid. The parent races that they chose for their crossing experiments were either different species, or varieties differing in large numbers of characters, and the results which they obtained were chaotic, inconstant, and contradictory, and led to no general principles at all. This was the difference between previous attempts to study heredity, and the Mendelian revolution that resulted in genetics.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF GROWING CONDITIONS ON CROSSING SUCCESS IN DIFFERENT POTATO(Solanum tuberosum L.)CROSSES

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Güngör YILMAZ ◽  
Ahmet KINAY ◽  
Nejdet KANDEMİR ◽  
Şaziye DÖKÜLEN
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Made In

This study was carried out to determine the effect of growing conditions underdifferent altitudes on seed production in different potato crosses in Tokat Provinceof Turkey in 2015. Plants were grown and crosses were made in open field or nethouse in Tokat location (altitude 600 m asl.), open field or net house in Artovalocation (altitude 1200 m asl.), or controlled polycarbonate greenhouse. Fifteendifferent crosses were made between 12 parent cultivars. Production of hybridpotato seed was considered “crossing success”. Results showed that parentcultivars and cross combinations affected crossing success and no seeds wereproduced from some combinations while some combinations produced abundantseeds. The highest number of seeds were produced in controlled polycarbonategreenhouse, whereas very low amount of seeds were produced under low altitude(600 m asl.) open field conditions. Polycarbonate greenhouse produced 47.3% ofall seeds, while low altitude net house produced 19.8%, high altitude open fieldproduced 15.8%, high altitude net house produced 13.6% and low altitude openfield produced 3.5%. It was concluded that for a high crossing success, potatocrossing should be made by controlled polycarbonate greenhouse conditions and 23C0 day / 17 C0 night temperatures produced more hybrid seeds.

scholarly journals Genetical and Cytological Studies in Hybrid Roses

1924 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-570
Author(s):  
KATHLEEN B. BLACKBURN ◽  
J. W. HESLOP HARRISON
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Egg Cell ◽  
Generative Nucleus ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
The Cross

1. Rosa Sabini and R. Wilsoni are reciprocal crosses between R. pimpinellifolia and some Tomentosa microgene. 2. Rosa pimpinellifolia is a balanced tetraploid, both the egg cell and the generative nucleus possessing 14 chromosomes. 3. The Tomentosa microgenes are unbalanced pentaploids, the microspores, when functional, carrying 7 chromosomes in their nuclei, and the egg cells 28. 4. Reciprocal crosses between R. pimpinellifolia and tomentosa forms should not therefore agree in chromosome complements. With pimpinellifolia as seed parent the cross should have 14 + 7 ( = 21) in its somatic nuclei, and with the same plant as pollen parent the number should be 28 + 14 ( = 42). 5. R. Wilsoni undoubtedly has R. pimpinellifolia as seed parent, yet its chromosome number is 42. 6. It has, therefore, like Primula Kewensis, doubled its original complement. 7. In doing so, again like that hybrid, it has attained fertility.

scholarly journals Effects of Metaxenia on Stone Cell Formation in Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) Based on Transcriptomic Analysis and Functional Characterization of the Lignin-Related Gene PbC4H2

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Xi Cheng ◽  
Jinyun Zhang ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Tianzhe Chen ◽  
Guohui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Stone Cell ◽  
Lignin Metabolism

The deposition of lignin in flesh parenchyma cells for pear stone cells, and excessive stone cells reduce the taste and quality of the fruit. The effect of metaxenia on the quality of fruit has been heavily studied, but the effect of metaxenia on stone cell formation has not been fully elucidated to date. This study used P. bretschneideri (Chinese white pear) cv. ‘Yali’ (high-stone cell content) and P. pyrifolia (Sand pear) cv. ‘Cuiguan’ (low-stone cell content) as pollination trees to pollinate P. bretschneideri cv. ‘Lianglizaosu’ separately to fill this gap in the literature. The results of quantitative determination, histochemical staining and electron microscopy indicated that the content of stone cells and lignin in YL fruit (‘Yali’ (pollen parent) × ‘Lianglizaosu’ (seed parent)) was significantly higher than that in CL fruit (‘Cuiguan’ (pollen parent) × ‘Lianglizaosu’ (seed parent)). The transcriptome sequencing results that were obtained from the three developmental stages of the two types of hybrid fruits indicated that a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to auxin signal transduction (AUX/IAAs and ARFs), lignin biosynthesis, and lignin metabolism regulation (MYBs, LIMs, and KNOXs) between the CL and YL fruits at the early stage of fruit development. Therefore, metaxenia might change the signal transduction process of auxin in pear fruit, thereby regulating the expression of transcription factors (TFs) related to lignin metabolism, and ultimately affecting lignin deposition and stone cell development. In addition, we performed functional verification of a differentially expressed gene, PbC4H2 (cinnamate 4-hydroxylase). Heterologous expression of PbC4H2 in the c4h mutant not only restored its collapsed cell wall, but also significantly increased the lignin content in the inflorescence stem. The results of our research help to elucidate the metaxenia-mediated regulation of pear stone cell development and clarify the function of PbC4H2 in cell wall development and lignin synthesis, which establishes a foundation for subsequent molecular breeding.

scholarly journals The Use of Mentor Pollination to Facilitate Wide Hybridization in Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Wenslaff ◽  
Paul M. Lyrene
Keyword(s):  
Wide Hybridization ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Mentor Pollen ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Triploid Block ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Vaccinium Elliottii

Two diploid yellowleaf Vaccinium elliottii Chapmn. clones were pollinated with pollen from the tetraploid southern highbush cultivar `Misty' (largely V. corymbosum L). These interspecific crosses, which normally yield few hybrids because of a triploid block, were made with and without the use of V. elliottii mentor pollen mixed with V. corymbosum pollen. Mentoring had no effect on the number of hybrids produced when V. elliottii `Silverhill' was the seed parent, but when V. elliottii `Oleno' was the seed parent, no hybrids were produced unless mentor pollen was utilized. The difference was postulated to be a greater ability to produce one-seeded berries in `Silverhill' than in `Oleno'.

scholarly journals Crossability In Interspecific Hybrid Between Eucalyptus Pellita and E. Urophylla

Zuriat ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
, Mulawarman ◽  
Setyono Sastrosumarto ◽  
Mohammad Na'iem
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Crossing Experiment ◽  
Eucalyptus Pellita ◽  
The Family ◽  
Factorial Mating ◽  
Interspecific Crossability ◽  
Number Of Seeds

A controlled crossing experiment using a factorial mating design, involving female parents of E. pellita and male parents of E. urophyla that randomly sampled from the breeding population of both species, was conducted to assess the degree of genetic control on interspecific crossability for hybrid between E. pellita and E. urophylla. As measures of crossability, number of seeds per capsule and percentage of germinated seed were determined for each individual cross. The effect of female, male and female × male was significant on number of seed per capsule and percentage of germination. There was a slight tendency that the family produced more viable seed might produce less viable seed. Additive and dominance genetic varians were estimated as measures of the genetic control. The dominance variance had the major contribution to the genetic control of seed production and seed germination. Female source of variation has the major contribution to the additive genetic influence. Therefore, to maximize the production of viable seed, parent trees with desired traits should be selected on specific cross basis.

scholarly journals Self-incompatibility in Echinacea purpurea

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1350-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren C. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Self Incompatibility ◽  
Seed Parent ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Si Model ◽  
Successive Generations

Progenies derived from self-pollination and parent–offspring backcrosses of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench accession PI 631307 revealed that a sporophytic self-incompatibility (SI) system was operating in this germplasm. Offspring of progenies from the original accession were self-incompatible, but most self-pollinations resulted in some self-seed set. One seedling from such a self-pollination was reciprocally crosscompatible with its parent, proving that a sporophytic SI system was operational. The F3BC1 progeny could be classified into two offspring groups. The first group of two seedlings was reciprocally compatible with its seed parent but reciprocally incompatible with its pollen parent based on stigma collapse of the seed parent florets 2 to 4 days after pollination. The second offspring group of three seedlings was reciprocally incompatible with its seed parent but reciprocally compatible with its pollen parent. Seed set data were in agreement with classification by stigma collapse in seven of 10 backcrosses, including in several reciprocally compatible backcrosses that provided further proof of a sporophytic SI system. Additionally, a χ2 test showed that the data fit a sporophytic SI model with S allele dominance operating in pollen and pistil. Assuming that S allele dominance is widespread within Echinacea purpurea, it should be possible to produce inbred lines by making successive generations of full-sib crosses.

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